DOCSLIB.ORG

Pacific Opportunities: Leveraging Asia's Growth

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pacific Opportunities: Leveraging Asia's Growth Pacifi c Opportunities Leveraging Asia’s Growth This book examines how the 14 Pacifi c developing members of the Asian Development Bank can tap into projected growth in Asia. It explores how the economic and fi nancial integration between Asia and the Pacifi c can be expanded to benefi t both regions. This publication identifi es critical constraints on integration and sets out policy reforms to address these constraints. PACIFIC OPPORTUNITIES: LEVERAGING ASIA’S GROWTH ASIA’S LEVERAGING OPPORTUNITIES: PACIFIC About the Asian Development Bank ADB’s vision is an Asia and Pacifi c region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Despite the region’s many successes, it remains home to the majority of the world’s poor. ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration. Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance. PACIFIC About the Asian Development Bank Institute ADBI, located in Tokyo, is the think tank of ADB. ADBI’s mission is to identify eff ective OPPORTUNITIES development strategies and improve development management in ADB’s developing member countries. ADBI has an extensive network of partners in the Asia and Pacifi c region and globally. ADBI’s activities are aligned with ADB’s strategic focus, which includes LEVERAGING ASIA’S GROWTH poverty reduction and inclusive economic growth, the environment, regional cooperation and integration, infrastructure development, middle-income countries, and private sector development and operations. ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INSTITUTE Kasumigaseki Building 8F 3-2-5 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-6008, Japan www.adbi.org ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines www.adb.org PACIFIC OPPORTUNITIES LEVERAGING ASIA’S GROWTH Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO license (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO) © 2015 Asian Development Bank and Asian Development Bank Institute Asian Development Bank Asian Development Bank Institute 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City Kasumigaseki Building 8F 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines 3-2-5 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444 Tokyo 100-6008, Japan www.adb.org; openaccess.adb.org www.adbi.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2015. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9254-989-3 (Print), 978-92-9254-990-9 (e-ISBN) Publication Stock No. BKK157445-2 Cataloging-In-Publication Data Asian Development Bank and Asian Development Bank Institute. Pacific opportunities: Leveraging Asia’s growth. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2015. 1. Economic integration 2. Trade and international factor movements 3. Development planning and policy I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) or their Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB and ADBI do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accept no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB and ADBI do not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ADB and ADBI encourage printing or copying information exclusively for personal and noncommercial use with proper acknowledgment of ADB and ADBI. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works for commercial purposes without the express, written consent of ADB and ADBI. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO license (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be bound by the terms of said license as well as the Terms of Use of the ADB Open Access Repository at openaccess.adb.org/termsofuse This CC license does not apply to non-ADB and -ADBI copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributed to another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it. ADB and ADBI cannot be held liable for any claims arising as a result of your use of the material. Attribution—In acknowledging ADB and ADBI as the sources, please be sure to include all of the following information: Asian Development Bank and Asian Development Bank Institute. 2015. Pacific Opportunities: Leveraging Asia’s Growth. © Asian Development Bank, Asian Development Bank Institute. https://openaccess.adb.org. Available under a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO license. Please contact [email protected] or [email protected] if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wish to obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to use the ADB logo. For permission to use the ADBI logo, please contact [email protected] Note: In this publication, “$” refers to US dollars. CONTENTS Figures, Tables, and Boxes vi Abbreviations ix Foreword xi Acknowledgments xiii Executive Summary xv PART I CURRENT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 2 Economic Conditions and the Recent Performance of Pacific Developing Member Countries 8 Growth Performance 8 Natural Endowments and Structural Transformations 13 Growth Constraints in the Pacific 22 Chapter 3 Asia’s Growth and Opportunities for the Pacific 37 Sources of Economic Growth in Asia 37 Global and Regional Production Networks 40 Regional Cooperation and Integration 41 Opportunities for Pacific Economies 44 PART II LINKS BETWEEN PACIFIC ECONOMIES AND ASIA 55 Chapter 4 Trade Links 57 Trade in Goods 57 Trade in Services 66 iv Contents Chapter 5 Investment, Labor Migration, and Other Links 73 Foreign Direct Investment 73 Labor Movements 77 Development Assistance Ties 81 PART III STRENGTHENING LINKS BETWEEN PACIFIC ECONOMIES AND ASIA 85 Chapter 6 Enhancing Cooperation through Trade 87 Regional Pacific Coordination Mechanisms 87 International and Regional Trade Agreements 92 Benefits of Trade Liberalization 96 Chapter 7 Lessons and Priorities for Improving Economic Links 102 Lessons from Asia 103 Reform Priorities for Enhancing Pacific Links 109 Setting Priorities 113 Chapter 8 Conclusion: Fostering Mutually Beneficial Economic Links between the Pacific and Asia 114 References 123 Contents v Appendixes 1 Supplementary Tables and Figures 130 2 Notes on the Availability of Economic Statistics in Pacific DMCs 145 3 Regional Value Chains in Asia 149 4 ADB’s Approach to Helping Pacific DMCs Adapt to Climate Change 152 5 A Gravity Analysis of Trade Links between Pacific and Asian Economies 156 6 Drivers of Tourism Growth in the Pacific 161 7 Addressing Challenges in Assisting Overseas Filipino Workers 168 8 Increasing Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises’ Access to Finance through Hometown Investment Trusts 171 9 Funding Infrastructure Development from Sovereign Wealth Fund Resources 175 10 Enhancing Investment Climate Policies in Okinawa, Japan 179 11 Improving the Business Environment through Privatization in Solomon Islands 182 12 Developing Agricultural Export Opportunities in Samoa 184 13 Exchange Rate Arrangements in the Pacific 188 FIGURES, TABLES, AND BOXES Figures 1 Average Tariff Rates Applied to 25Most-Favored Nations 2 Average Number of Days to Export27 in Pacific DMCs 3 Average Number of Days to Import27 in Pacific DMCs 4 Drivers of Economic Growth in Selected48 Economies 5 Production by Sector in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the People’s Republic of China, and India 49 6 Share of Global Commodity Demand of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the People’s Republic of China, and India 51 7 Size of the Middle-Income Class Worldwide 52 8 Number of Trading Partners of Pacific61 Economies 9 Destinations of Pacific Exports 62 10 Sources of Pacific Imports 62 11 Ratio of Tourism Receipts to Gross 68 Domestic Products 12 Remittance Inflows 77 A1 International Visitor Arrivals to the Pacific146 A6.1 Direct Flight Connections and Tourism Flows within the Pacific and between the Pacific and Asia 173 A6.2 Outbound Tourist Flows from the People’s Republic of China to the Maldives and Worldwide 174 A7 Filipino Workers Employed Overseas and Remittance Flows Worldwide 180 Tables 1 Economic Indicators for Pacific DMCs 9 2 Social Indicators for Pacific DMCs 16 3 Labor Market Indicators for Pacific DMCs 18 4 Pacific DMCs Progress toward Millennium Development Goals 20 5 Cross-Border Trade of Pacific DMCs 26 6 Logistics Performance Index of Pacific28 DMCs 7 Liner Shipping Connectivity Index Values29 for Pacific DMCs 8 Doing Business Indicators for Pacific32 DMCs 9 Governance Indicators for Pacific DMCs35 Figures, Tables, and Boxes vii 10 Importance of Trade in Pacific DMCs 58 11 Major Pacific Export Products and Destinations59 by Value 12 Direction of Trade of Merchandise Imports of Pacific Economies 63 13 Direction of Trade of Merchandise Exports of Pacific Economies 64 14 International Visitor Arrivals to the Pacific 67 15 Visitor Arrivals to the Pacific (by69 place
Load more

Recommended publications
  • WOMEN and BUSINESS in the PACIFIC Anyone Seeking to Support Pacifi C Women and Contribute to Entrepreneurship, Business Development, and Private Sector Growth
    Women and Business in the Pacifi c This book provides a current and comprehensive analysis of the context in which Pacifi c women engage in the private sector, as well as a detailed list of strategies to increase their participation in business. Drawing on research and data from seven Pacifi c countries, it o ers a diversity of innovative and pragmatic ways to empower women and enhance their economic opportunities. Jointly undertaken by the Asian Development Bank’s Pacifi c Private Sector Development Initiative and the Government of Australia, this study is valuable for WOMEN AND BUSINESS IN THE PACIFIC WOMEN anyone seeking to support Pacifi c women and contribute to entrepreneurship, business development, and private sector growth. About the Asian Development Bank ADB is committed to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacifi c, while sustaining its e orts to eradicate extreme poverty. Established in , it is owned by members— from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance. WOMEN AND About the Pacifi c Private Sector Development Initiative PSDI is a technical assistance program undertaken in partnership with the Government BUSINESS of Australia, the Government of New Zealand, and the Asian Development Bank. PSDI supports ADB’s Pacifi c developing member countries to improve the enabling environment for business and to support inclusive, private sector-led economic growth. The support of the Australian and New Zealand governments and ADB IN THE PACIFIC has enabled PSDI to operate in the region for years and assist with more than reforms.
    [Show full text]
  • Greener Taxes and Subsidies in Picts Final.Pdf
    TOWARDS GREENER TAXES AND SUBSIDIES IN PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES (PICTS) The operator that is in charge of the implementation of the Study ‘Towards greener taxes and subsidies in Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs)’ under the supervision of SPC is a consortium of 4 partners: Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) (leader) Emma Watkins [email protected] Australian National University (ANU) Katherine Daniell [email protected] Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Ingrid Van Putten [email protected] University of Queensland (UQ) Karen Hussey [email protected] Main redactors/Contributors Date of publication Main author: Emma Watkins (IEEP) Contributors: Matthew Dornan and Katherine Daniell (ANU) April 2018 Ingrid van Putten and Sean Pascoe (CSIRO) Karen Hussey (UQ) Jean-Pierre Schweitzer, Konar Mutafoglu, Sirini Withana, Ludovic Bonduel, Susanna Gionfra and Sylvie Eliaerts (IEEP) Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the following for their input during the drafting of this report: Fiji: Stacy Jupiter, Sangeeta Mangubhai (Wildlife Conservation Society), Etika Qica, Maria-Goreti Muavesi (IUCN), Dick Watling (Independent consultant), Peter Johnston (Independent consultant), Suzie Greenhalgh (Independent consultant), Herman Timmermans (SPREP) and Marita Manley (Talanoa Treks). French Polynesia: Mahé Charles (Agence des aires marines protégées, Chef de projet RESCCUE Polynésie française), William Vanizette (Direction générale des affaires économiques) Cédrik Lo & Stephen Yen Kai Sun & Georges Remoissenet (Direction des ressources marines et minières), Hervé Raimana Lallement-Moe (Université de la Polynésie Française), Julien Vucher (Institut de la statistique de la Polynésie française), Vincent Joguet (AFD), Winiki Sage (CESC), Sylviane Fauvet (Ministère en charge de l’environnement), Warren Dexter (Vice-Présidence de la Polynésie française), Mireille Bresson (Direction des impôts et des contributions publiques) and Paul Roger de Villers (Independent consultant).
    [Show full text]
  • S/PV.7499 Maintenance of International Peace and Security 30/07/2015
    United Nations S/ PV.7499 Security Council Provisional Seventieth year 7499th meeting Thursday, 30 July 2015, 10 a.m. New York President: Mr. Mc Cully/Mr. Van Bohemen/Mr. Taula ............ (New Zealand) Members: Angola. Mr. Augusto Chad ......................................... Mr. Mangaral Chile ......................................... Mr. Riveros Marín China ......................................... Mr. Liu Jieyi France ........................................ Mr. Delattre Jordan ........................................ Mrs. Kawar Lithuania ...................................... Ms. Murmokaitė Malaysia ...................................... Mr. Ibrahim Nigeria ....................................... Mrs. Ogwu Russian Federation .............................. Mr. Kononuchenko Spain ......................................... Mr. Gracia Aldaz United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .. Mr. Rycroft United States of America ......................... Mr. Pressman Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ................. Ms. Rodríguez de Febres-Cordero Agenda Maintenance of international peace and security Peace and security challenges facing small island developing States Letter dated 15 July 2015 from the Permanent Representative of New Zealand to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General (S/2015/543) This record contains the text of speeches delivered in English and of the translation of speeches delivered in other languages. The final text will be printed in the Official Records of the Security Council. Corrections should be submitted to the original languages only. They should be incorporated in a copy of the record and sent under the signature of a member of the delegation concerned to the Chief of the Verbatim Reporting Service, room U-0506 ([email protected]). Corrected records will be reissued electronically on the Official Document System of the United Nations (http://documents.un.org). 15-23782 (E) *1523782* S/PV.7499 Maintenance of international peace and security 30/07/2015 The meeting was called to order at 10.05 a.m.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mobile Economy: Pacific Islands 2015
    The Mobile Economy Pacific Islands 2015 Copyright © 2015 GSM Association PACIFIC ISLANDS MOBILE ECONOMY 2015 About the GSMA This report is authored by GSMA Intelligence, the definitive The GSMA represents the interests of mobile operators source of global mobile operator data, analysis and worldwide, uniting nearly 800 operators with more forecasts; and a publisher of authoritative industry reports than 250 companies in the broader mobile ecosystem, and research. Our data covers every operator group, including handset and device makers, software network and MVNO in every country worldwide – from companies, equipment providers and Internet companies, Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. It is the most accurate and as well as organisations in adjacent industry sectors. The complete set of industry metrics available, comprising tens GSMA also produces industry-leading events such as of millions of individual data points, updated daily. GSMA Mobile World Congress, Mobile World Congress Shanghai Intelligence is relied on by leading operators, vendors, and the Mobile 360 Series conferences. regulators, financial institutions and third-party industry players, to support strategic decision-making and long- For more information, please visit the GSMA corporate term investment planning. The data is used as an industry website at www.gsma.com reference point and is frequently cited by the media and by the industry itself. Our team of analysts and experts Follow the GSMA on Twitter: @GSMA produce regular thought-leading research reports across a range of industry
    [Show full text]
  • Retrospective Autopsy-Based Analysis of Fatal Drowning in Fiji
    Kalougivaki and Nand, J Forensic Med 2016, 1:2 Journal of Forensic Medicine DOI: 10.4172/2472-1026.1000110 Research Article Open Access Retrospective Autopsy-Based Analysis of Fatal Drowning in Fiji from 2011 to 2014 James Kalougivaki1* and Devina Nand2 1Department of Forensic Pathology, Forensic Science Service, Fiji Police Force, Fiji 2Department of Epidemiology, Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Fiji *Corresponding author: James Kalougivaki, Current Head of Forensic Pathology, Forensic Science Service, Fiji Police Force, Fiji, Tel: 6799905601; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: October 28, 2015; Accepted date: August 08, 2016; Published date: August 16, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Kalougivaki J, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Globally drowning remains a leading cause of unintentional mortality. Low and middle-income countries have the highest rates of drowning; and island countries surrounded by water have considerable attribution of deaths due to drowning. This study uses the records of the Forensic Pathology Unit in Fiji to establish trends and ascertain high-risk groups associated with drowning mortality. In addition, the medical cause of death certificates (MCDC) from the Ministry of Health and Medical Services were utilized to provision validations and provide additional foresight where epidemiological trends needed to be established. In this study many high risk groups and patterns were identified. The high risk groups identified included the age group from 0 to 29 years of age, the male gender group and the iTaukei and the Fijians of other Descent, also emphasis on water safety and drowning prevention for the Eastern and Western division of Fiji to reduce the high fatal drowning rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Greener Taxes and Subsidies in Pacific Island Countries and Territories (Picts)
    BACKGROUND DOCUMENT: TOWARDS GREENER TAXES AND SUBSIDIES IN PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES (PICTS) The operator that is in charge of the implementation of the Study ‘Towards greener taxes and subsidies in Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs)’ under the supervision of SPC is a consortium of 4 partners: Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) (leader) Emma Watkins [email protected] Australian National University (ANU) Karen Hussey [email protected] Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Ingrid Van Putten [email protected] Global Change Institute (GCI), University of Queensland (UQ), Australia Katherine Daniell [email protected] Main redactors/Contributors Date of publication Main author: Emma Watkins, IEEP 08/03/2017 Contributors: Jean-Pierre Schweitzer, Konar Mutafoglu, Ludovic Bonduel, Susanna Gionfra and Sylvie Eliaerts, IEEP Matthew Dornan and Katherine Daniell, ANU Ingrid van Putten and Sean Pascoe, CSIRO Karen Hussey, GCI/UQ Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the following people for their input during the drafting of this report: Fiji: Stacy Jupiter, Sangeeta Mangubhai (Wildlife Conservation Society), Ville Peltovuori (SPC), Etika Qica, Maria-Goreti Muavesi (IUCN), Dick Watling (Independent consultant), Peter Johnston (Independent consultant) and Suzie Greenhalgh (Independent consultant). French Polynesia: Mahé Charles (Agence des aires marines protégées, Chef de projet RESCCUE Polynésie française), William Vanizette (Direction générale
    [Show full text]
  • China's South-South Cooperation with Pacific Island Countries in The
    United Nations Development Programme in China No. 2 Liangmahe Nanlu Chaoyang District Beijing 100600 China For more information please contact: Tel: (8610) 8532 0800 China’s South-South Cooperation Email: [email protected] Website: www.cn.undp.org with Pacific Island Countries in the Context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Series Report: Health and Health Service Delivery China’s South-South Cooperation with Pacific Island Countries in the Context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Series Report: Health and Health Service Delivery United Nations Development Programme in China 2017 DISCLAIMER: The analysis and policy recommendations of the research report do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Development Programme, its Executive Board or its Members States. The designations employed in the report do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations or UNDP concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The recommendations of the report are solely the views of the researchers and do not reflect the views of any government or other organizations. All rights reserved. Any part of this publication may be quoted, copied, or translated by indicating the source. No part of this publication may be used for commercial purposes without prior written permission from UNDP China. Acknowledgement UNDP would like to thank Ms. Ellen Kulumbu for writing this report as part of the policy series titled “China’s South-South Cooperation with Pacific Island Countries in the Context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”.
    [Show full text]
  • El Niño 2014/2015: IMPACT OUTLOOK and POLICY IMPLICATIONS for PACIFIC ISLANDS
    Science and Policy Knowledge Series Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation into Sustainable Development Advisory Note November 2014 El Niño 2014/2015: IMPACT OUTLOOK AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR PACIFIC ISLANDS • Pacific island countries (PICs) are at greatest risk of experiencing impacts from a potential 2014/2015 El Niño event. • The most vulnerable sectors in PICs are agriculture, freshwater resources, reef ecosystems, fisheries, public health systems and infrastructure. • Regional collaboration will be critical to ensure understanding of El Niño risk, communicating the risk to stakeholders and creating the enabling mechanisms to act on risk information. Global forecast centers indicate the potential onset of In the Pacific, El Niño could increase the likelihood3 El Niño during the Northern Hemisphere winter of cyclones and severe storms by 30 per cent, and (Nov/Dec 2014), or early in 2015 (Box 1). El Niño increased cyclone intensity (maximum sustained could impact Pacific island countries during the wind) and severity (in terms of potential impacts), forthcoming wet season (November 2014 – April compared with normal years. 2015). Box 1. Probabilistic El Niño forecast 2014/2015 Probabilistic El Niño forecast (CPC/IRI consensus) World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 8 September 2014: There is 55% to 60% likelihood for El Niño to be established between September and November 2014, rising to 70% probability between November 2014 and February 2015. Bureau of Meteorology (BOM), Australia, 7 October 2014: There is at least 50% chance of an El Niño forming by last quarter of 2014. International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), 9 October 2014: There is 51% probability for El Niño conditions in September – October-November 2014, rising to 67% probability in November – December – January (2014- 2015).
    [Show full text]
  • Extending the Knowledge System and Food Value
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Extending the knowledge system and food value of kumala (Ipomoea batatas or sweetpotato) in Vanuatu as a response to climate change. A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Horticultural Science at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand Patricia Setak 2018 Kumala intercropped with corn, island cabbage (Hibiscus manihot) and cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium L.) at Lorevulko, Santo, Vanuatu. Source: Author i Abstract Loss of traditional knowledge in food production is a major problem occurring in many countries due to modernization and globalization. Additionally, further compelled by the impacts of climate change, this can have a devastating effect on the livelihood of people. As a result, farmers are therefore compelled to revive the use of traditional knowledge in food production especially its blended use with contemporary knowledge in adapting to and mitigating climate change impacts. The aim of this study is to identify the contribution of traditional knowledge of kumala (Ipomoea batatas) production in sustaining the livelihoods of people in Vanuatu. The target population of this study was kumala farmers in two villages: Lorevulko and Sara 1 in East Santo, Vanuatu where qualitative data using semi- structured interviews was obtained. A literature review was also undertaken on kumala production in other countries where kumala is commonly grown. The younger generations should be educated on traditional knowledge and skills, and efforts should be made to document traditional knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • Fiji Synthesis Report Phase 1 Research
    Pacific Community Water Management Plus Phase 1 Findings Report for Fiji Research Partners: Civil Society Organisation partners: With the support of: Published December 2020 https://watercentre.org/research/research-impacts/pcwm/ Suggested citation: Love, M., Souter, R., Gonzalez Botero, D., Pene, S., and Beal C., 2021. Pacific Community Water Management Plus: Phase 1 Findings Report for Fiji. International WaterCentre, Griffith University. Nathan: Australia. Cover images: D Gonzalez Botero, International WaterCentre CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................. i LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................. ii ACRONYMS ......................................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................... iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... v Purpose .............................................................................................................................................. v Approach ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • CLIMATE CHANGE REPORT CARD Science Review 2018: Pp 1-19 Effects of Climate Change Relevant to the Pacific Islands
    PACIFIC MARINE CLIMATE CHANGE REPORT CARD Science Review 2018: pp 1-19 Effects of Climate Change Relevant to the Pacific Islands Ella L. Howes, Silvana Birchenough, Susana Lincoln, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (Cefas), UK EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Small Island Developing States in the South Pacific are particularly vulnerable to the effects of marine climate change due to their proximity to the ocean and their reliance on it for resources and transportation. Changes to the physical environment (e.g. temperature, pH, sea level rise and storms and waves) are already being detected and are affecting biodiversity via shifts in distribution, the timing of natural events (phenology), increased energetic costs of physiological processes, mechanical damage and loss/fragmentation of habitats. Much of the Pacific islands’ population and infrastructure (including fresh water resources) are situated on the coast and thus, vulnerable to erosion, inundation and damage from cyclones. Food supplies are also at risk due to the heavy reliance on coastal fisheries. The dispersed nature and heterogeneity of the SIDS presents a challenge for localised climate projections and adaptation strategies. The South Pacific region is bringing SIDS together in partnership working on climate change, however, continued funding is needed to realise adaptation options and to link the physical science with societal and economic impacts. Engaging women and remote populations in climate talks will improve long term resilience. Introduction The oceans and the atmosphere are closely linked. provide to society and the ocean’s capacity for further The oceans have absorbed approximately 93% of the climate mitigation (Pörtner et al., 2014). Small Island excess heat caused by global warming and around two Developing States (SIDS) are particularly vulnerable to thirds of anthropogenic CO2 (Rhein et al., 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Islands of the Future: Building Resilience in a Changing World; 2013
    Islands of the Future Building resilience in a changing world Lead G. Kalonji, Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences SIDS Platform Manager D. Nakashima, Chief, Small Islands and Indigenous Knowledge Section, Division of Science Policy and Capacity-Building Participating UNESCO sectors Education, Natural Sciences, Social and Human Sciences, Culture, Communication and Information. The present booklet is a collective effort of UNESCO’s five programme sectors at headquarters and in the field offices of Apia, Dakar, Dar-es-Salaam, Doha, Havana, Jakarta, Kingston, Yaoundé, Nairobi, New Delhi and Port-au-Prince. Thanks are due to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics for contributing data and graphics on education and to colleagues, partner institutions and organizations who contributed information, ideas, text and graphics. We also extend thanks to A. Meldau, K. Jesnes and I. Ignatova for their assistance throughout the compilation process. Compiled and coordinated by K. Ikhlef and H. Thulstrup Edited by S. Schneegans Design and layout by J. Cheftel Published in November 2013 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris, France © UNESCO 2013 Front cover photo: © Kiribati Ministry of Internal and Social Affairs/Natan Itonga Back cover photo: Ailuk atoll, Marshall Islands © Andre Seale/Marine Photobank Suggested citation UNESCO 2013. Islands of the Future – Building Resilience in a Changing World. UNESCO, Paris. 40pp. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]