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Award, the Tribunal First Introduces the Parties (Section II) and Provides an Overview of the Factual Background to the Dispute (Section III)

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Award, the Tribunal First Introduces the Parties (Section II) and Provides an Overview of the Factual Background to the Dispute (Section III) Public Version [signed] Public Version INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES GLOBAL TELECOM HOLDING S.A.E. (Claimant) V. CANADA (Respondent) ICSID Case No. ARB/16/16 AWARD Members of the Tribunal Professor Georges Affaki, President Mr. Gary Born, Arbitrator Professor Vaughan Lowe, Arbitrator Secretary of the Tribunal Ms. Lindsay Gastrell Date of dispatch to the Parties: 27 March 2020 Public Version REPRESENTATION OF THE PARTIES For Global Telecom Holding S.A.E.: For Canada: Ms. Penny Madden QC Ms. Sylvie Tabet Mr. Piers Plumptre Trade Law Bureau (JLT) Ms. Besma Grifat-Spackman 7-3-38 Akaska Ms. Nadia Wahba Minato-ku, Tokyo Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP 107-8503 Japan Telephone House and 2-4 Temple Avenue London EC4Y 0HB Mr. Jean-Francois Hébert United Kingdom Ms. Heather Squires Mr. Scott Little and Ms. Johannie Dallaire Mr. Rahim Moloo Mr. Mark Klaver Ms. Charline Yim Mr. Stefan Kuuskne Ms. Laura Corbin Trade Law Bureau (JLT) Ms. Marryum Kahloon Global Affairs Canada Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP 125 Sussex Drive 200 Park Avenue Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0G2 New York, NY 10166 Canada United States of America i Public Version TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF DEFINED TERMS AND SELECTED ABBREVIATIONS ..................................... v DRAMATIS PERSONAE .............................................................................................................. x I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 II. THE PARTIES.................................................................................................................... 2 III. FACTUAL BACKGROUND ............................................................................................. 2 A. Overview of Canada’s Wireless Telecommunications Market .............................. 2 B. The 2008 AWS Auction.......................................................................................... 3 (1) The Spectrum Policy Framework and Licensing Procedure....................... 4 (2) The 2008 AWS Auction Policy Framework and Licensing Framework .... 5 (3) Mandatory Roaming & Tower/Site Sharing Policies ................................. 7 (4) The Ownership & Control Rules ................................................................ 8 (5) Results of the 2008 AWS Auction .............................................................. 9 (6) The Conditions of License .......................................................................... 9 (7) Wind Mobile’s Licenses ........................................................................... 10 C. GTH’s Investment in Wind Mobile ...................................................................... 10 (1) GTH’s Entry into the Canadian Market .................................................... 10 (2) The Structure of GTH’s Investment ......................................................... 12 (3) VimpelCom’s Acquisition of GTH ........................................................... 14 D. The Ownership & Control Reviews ...................................................................... 15 (1) Review by Industry Canada ...................................................................... 15 (2) Review by the CRTC ................................................................................ 16 E. Implementation of the Mandatory Roaming and Tower/Site Sharing .................. 19 F. GTH’s Application for Voting Control of Wind Mobile and the National Security Review .................................................................................................................. 21 G. The 2013 Transfer Framework ............................................................................. 27 H. GTH’s Exit from the Canadian Market ................................................................ 31 I. Developments after GTH’s Exit ........................................................................... 34 IV. PROCEDURAL HISTORY.............................................................................................. 35 V. THE PARTIES’ REQUESTS FOR RELIEF .................................................................... 49 A. GTH’s Request for Relief ..................................................................................... 49 B. Canada’s Request for Relief ................................................................................. 51 VI. JURISDICTION AND ADMISSIBILITY ....................................................................... 52 ii Public Version A. Applicable Legal Standard .................................................................................... 54 (1) Canada’s Position...................................................................................... 54 (2) GTH’s Position ......................................................................................... 55 (3) The Tribunal’s Analysis ............................................................................ 56 B. Whether GTH is a Qualifying Investor Under Article I(g) of the BIT ................. 56 (1) Relevant Provision of the BIT .................................................................. 57 (2) Canada’s Position...................................................................................... 58 (3) GTH’s Position ......................................................................................... 72 (4) The Tribunal’s Analysis ............................................................................ 81 C. Whether Article II(4)(b) of the BIT Deprives the Tribunal of Jurisdiction Over GTH’s Claims Relating to the Voting Control Application ................................. 90 (1) Relevant Provision of the BIT .................................................................. 91 (2) Canada’s Position...................................................................................... 91 (3) GTH’s Position ......................................................................................... 95 (4) The Tribunal’s Analysis ............................................................................ 98 D. Whether Article IV(2)(d) of the BIT Deprives the Tribunal of Jurisdiction Over the Claimant’s National Treatment Claims ......................................................... 102 (1) Relevant Provisions of the BIT ............................................................... 102 (2) Canada’s Position.................................................................................... 103 (3) GTH’s Position ....................................................................................... 107 (4) The Tribunal’s Analysis .......................................................................... 111 E. Whether the Claims are Time-Barred Under Article XIII(3)(d) of the BIT ....... 116 (1) Relevant Provision of the BIT ................................................................ 116 (2) Canada’s Position.................................................................................... 117 (3) GTH’s Position ....................................................................................... 120 (4) The Tribunal’s Analysis .......................................................................... 124 F. Whether the Claimant Has Standing to Bring Claims Relating to the Treatment of Wind Mobile ....................................................................................................... 127 (1) Relevant Provision of the BIT ................................................................ 127 (2) Canada’s Position.................................................................................... 128 (3) GTH’s Position ....................................................................................... 133 (4) The Tribunal’s Analysis .......................................................................... 137 G. The Tribunal’s Decision on Jurisdiction ............................................................. 139 iii Public Version VII. MERITS .......................................................................................................................... 139 A. Fair and Equitable Treatment.............................................................................. 139 (1) Relevant Provision of the BIT ................................................................ 140 (2) Applicable Legal Standard ...................................................................... 140 (3) Whether the Transfer Framework Breached the Respondent’s Fair and Equitable Treatment Obligation .............................................................. 155 (4) Whether Canada Breached its Fair and Equitable Treatment Obligation by Conducting the National Security Review and ........................................... 186 (5) Whether the Measures Cumulatively Breached the Respondent’s Fair and Equitable Treatment Obligation .............................................................. 208 (6) Conclusion on Fair and Equitable Treatment ......................................... 219 B. Full Protection and Security................................................................................ 219 (1) Relevant Provision of the BIT ................................................................ 220 (2) Applicable Legal Standard ...................................................................... 220 (3) Whether the Respondent Breached its Full Protection and Security Obligation ..............................................................................................
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