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Booklet & Illustrated Cards eè; izns'k osQ nqxZ rFkk egy Forts and Palaces of Madhya Pradesh eè; izns'k osQ nqxZ rFkk egy FORTS AND PALACES OF MADHYA PRADESH eè; izns'k jkT; dks jkT; iquxZBu vfèkfu;e] 1956 dh èkkjk osQ vUrxZr Madhya Pradesh was formed under the provisions of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 on November 1, 1956. It consisted of 1 uoEcj] 1956 dks cuk;k x;kA blesa eè; izns'k osQ iquxZBu ls iwoZ osQ ftys] districts of the former state of Madhya Pradesh, the former state iwoZ eè; Hkkjr jkT;] foUè; izns'k vkSj dksVk ftys dh fljkSat rglhy 'kkfey of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and the Sironj subdivision of FksA eè; izns'k dk {ks=kiQy 4,43,446 oxZ fd-eh- gS vkSj ;g Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa Kotah district. Madhya Pradesh with an area of 4,43,446 sq.km. esa lcls cM+k jkT; gSA ;g jkT; 149 O;fDr izfr oxZ fd- eh- dh l?kurk is the largest among the Indian states and fifth in population with lfgr tula[;k esa ikaposa LFkku ij gSA bl jkT; esa vkfnokfl;ksa dh vfèkdre density of 149 persons per sq.km. Madhya Pradesh has the largest population of adivasis. Madhya Pradesh with Bhopal as capital has tula[;k gSA eè; izns'k dks jktèkkuh Hkksiky lfgr iz'kklfud iz;kstuksa gsrq been divided into 12 divisions for administrative purposes which 12 [k.Mksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS] ftuesa Xokfy;j] bUnkSj] jhok] mTtSu] include Gwalior, Indore, Rewa, Ujjain, Jabalpur, etc. tcyiqj vkfn 'kkfey gSaA It has the Vindhya and Satpura range of mountains which were ;gka ij foUè; rFkk lriqM+k ioZr Ük`a[kyk,a gSa] ftUgsa Xokfy;j] vlhjx<+] ideal for the construction of impregnable forts like Gwalior, Asirgarh, Kalinjar, Mandu, etc. The fortification walls were provided dkfyatj] ek.Mw vkfn tSls vts; nqxks± osQ fuekZ.k gsrq vkn'kZ ekuk tkrk FkkA additional strength by the sedimentary rock beds on the top of volknh pV~Vkuh ryksa }kjk fdyscUn nhokjksa dks vfrfjDr e”kcwrh izkIr gksrh Fkh] which these forts were built. Another aspect of protection was the ftu ij ;s nqxZ cus gSaA bu nqxks± osQ laj{k.k dk ,d vU; igyw Fkkµ fupys Lrj dense forest cover at the lower level of these forts. Moreover, the ij ?kuk ou vkoj.kA blosQ vykok ek.Mw] èkkj] Xokfy;j rFkk vlhjx<+ tSls nqxZ] forts, like Mandu, Dhar, Gwalior and Asirgarh are situated close ueZnk rFkk pEcy unh osQ fudV fLFkr gSa] tks o"kkZ ½rq esa lnSo ck<+xzLr jgrh to the Narmada and Chambal rivers, which were always flooded during the monsoons and water runs throughout the year making FkhaA bu ufn;ksa esa o"kZ Hkj ty dh vfèkdrk osQ dkj.k nq'eu osQ fy, bUgsa ikj it difficult for the enemies to cross. dj ikuk Hkh dfBu FkkA The earliest fort built in Madhya Pradesh dates back to eè; izns'k esa lcls iqjkuk nqxZ rkez&ik"kk.k ;qx esa fufeZr gqvk FkkA mnkgj.k osQ Chalcolithic period. For instance, excavations at Eran have brought fy,] ,j.k dh [kqnkbZ ls ijdksVksa osQ gYosQ iqQYosQ lk{; feys gSaA eè; izns'k osQ to light evidences of mud ramparts. Most of the forts in Madhya Pradesh are mountain forts or Giridurga for example, the fort of ”;knkrj nqxZ fxfjnqxZ gSaA mnkgj.k Lo:i Xokfy;j nqxZ] ujoj nqxZ] dkfyatj nqxZ Gwalior, Narwar, Kalinjar and Asirgarh stand on a flat topped hill. rFkk vlhjx<+ nqxZ likV maQpkbZ okyh igkM+h ij fLFkr gSaA The decline of Harshavardhana’s dynasty in the 7th century A.D. in 7oha 'krkCnh bZloh esa g"kZoèkZu jktoa'k osQ iru ls mÙkj Hkkjr esa jktiwrksa dk turn led to rise of Rajputs in the northern India, prominent among them were Gurjara-Pratiharas of Kanauj, the Chandellas of Jejakabhukti, mn; gqvk] ftuesa ls izeq[k Fks µ dUukSt osQ xqtZj vkSj izfrgkj] tstdkHkqfDr osQ the Kalachuris of Dahala-Mandala and the Paramaras of Malwa. pUnsy] nkgyk µ eaMyk osQ dypqjh rFkk ekyok dk ijekj jktoa'kA xqtZj&izfrgkj Mihir Bhoja I of Gurjara-Pratiharas extended his empire from Uttar jktoa'k osQ fefgj Hkkst izFke us vius lkezkT; dk mÙkj izns'k ls jktLFkku osQ Pradesh to major portion of Rajasthan and from Saurashtra to izeq[k Hkkx rd rFkk mÙkj&iwoZ esa lkSjk"Vª ls cqUnsy[k.M rd foLrkj fd;kA mlosQ Bundelkhand region in the north east. He had many forts under his vèkhu vusd nqxZ Fks] tSlsµ Xokfy;j nqxZ] ujoj nqxZ] vkfnA control, namely, Gwalior Fort, Narwar Fort, etc. Yashovarman of Chandellas occupied Kalinjar fort and established pUnsy jktoa'k osQ ;'kksoeZu us dkfyatj nqxZ ij dC”kk izkIr dj 11oha 'krkCnh his supremacy in the Bundelkhand region in 11th century A.D. He bZloh esa cqUnsy[k.M esa viuh lÙkk LFkkfir dhA mlus u osQoy cqUnsy[k.M izns'k not only subjugated Gurjara-Pratiharas of Bundelkhand region osQ xqtZjksa rFkk izfrgkjksa] oju~ ekyok osQ ijekjksa dks Hkh vius vèkhu dj fy;kA but also Paramaras of Malwa. Another important fort under the pUnsy 'kkldksa osQ vèkhu ,d vU; egRoiw.kZ nqxZ Fkk µ vt;x<+A Chandellas was the Ajaigarh Fort. The Kalachuris held sway over a large kingdom extending from dypqjh jktoa'k us mÙkj esa xkserh ls ysdj nf{k.k esa ueZnk] cqUnsy[k.M] Gomti in the north to Narmada in the south, the part of Bundelkhand, c?ksy[k.M] lkxj rFkk eè; izn'k osQ tcyiqj f”kys osQ Hkkx vkSj mÙkj izns'k osQ Baghelkhand, Sagar, Jabalpur districts of Madhya Pradesh and osQUnzh; Hkkx rd iSQys fo'kky jkT; ij vfèkdkj izkIr fd;kA central part of Uttar Pradesh. The Paramaras of Malwa ruled for a period of nearly 500 years ekyok osQ ijekj jktoa'k us yxHkx 500 o"kks± rd jkT; fd;k rFkk mudh with their capital at Dhar. jktèkkuh èkkj cuh jghA f[kyth 'kkldksa us 13oha 'krkCnh bZloh esa ekyok ij vkozQe.k fd;k rFkk eè; The Khaljis invaded Malwa in 13th century A.D. and many forts of izns'k osQ vusd nqxZ] tSlsµ Xokfy;j] ujoj] pUnsjh] vt;x<+] dkfyatj vkfn ij Madhya Pradesh like Gwalior, Narwar, Chanderi, Ajaigarh, Kalinjar etc. were captured by them. Under the fragile rule of Mohd.-bin viuk vkfèkiR; LFkkfir dj fy;kA eksgEen fcu rqxyd osQ de”kksj 'kklu osQ Tughlaq, many officials tried to declare themselves independent. vèkhu] vusd vfèkdkfj;ksa us Lo;a dks Lora=k ?kksf"kr djus dh dksf'k'k dhA buesa One of them Dilawar Khan Ghori, a custom officer under Firoz ls I+kQhjks”k 'kkg rqX+kyd osQ vèkhu dk;Zjr ,d lhek 'kqYd vfèkdkjh fnykoj Shah Tughlaq succeeded in declaring the independence of [kku X+kkSjh dks 14oha 'krkCnh bZloh esa ekyok dks Lora=k jkT; ?kksf"kr djus esa Malwa in 14th century A.D. with his seat at Dhar. In 1405 A.D. liQyrk izkIr gqbZ rFkk mlus èkkj dks viuh jktèkkuh cuk;kA mlosQ csVs gks'kax'kkg his son Hoshang Shah shifted the capital from Dhar to Mandu. us 1405 bZloh esa viuh jktèkkuh èkkj ls ek.Mw LFkkukarfjr dhA gks'kax'kkg dh After the death of Hoshang Shah in 1435 A.D., the Khaljis rose to 1435 bZloh esa e`R;q osQ i'pkr~ ekyok esa f[kyth egRoiw.kZ :i esa mHkjsA 1442 prominence in Malwa. In 1442 A.D. Mahmud Khan Khalji declared himself as Sultan of Malwa. He was followed by series of rulers bZloh esa egewn [kku f[kyth us Lo;a dks ekyok dk lqYrku ?kksf"kr dj fn;kA - Humayun in 1530 A.D., Sher Shah in 1545 A.D., Baz Bahadur mlosQ i'pkr~ ekyok esa vusd 'kkld gq,A 1530 bZloh esa gqek;wa] 1545 bZloh in 1555 A.D. and finally under Akbar’s rule Malwa became a part esa 'ksj'kkg] 1555 bZloh esa ck”kcgknqj rFkk varr% vdcj osQ 'kklu osQ vèkhu of Mughal empire. In 17th century A.D. Malwa was occupied ekyok eqX+ky lkezkT; dk fgLlk cu x;kA 17oha 'krkCnh bZloh esa ekyok ij by the Marathas to be succeeded by Scindia’s in mid 18th century ejkBksa us dC”kk tek fy;k] ftl ij 18oha 'krkCnh bZloh osQ eè; esa flfUèk;k A.D. jktoa'k us mÙkjkfèkdkj izkIr fd;kA Gwalior Xokfy;j Gwalior was established in 8th century A.D. and named after saint Gwah Pa. It is renowned for its huge hill-fort. lar Xokg ik osQ uke ij cuk Xokfy;j 'kgj 8oha 'krkCnh bZloh esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA ;g 'kgj vius fo'kky fxfjnqxZ osQ fy, izfl¼ gSA The fortress, commanding a spectacular view, is situated on a flat- topped isolated rocky sandstone and basalt hill at a height of 100 ,d viwoZ n`'; izLrqr djrk ;g nqxZ] Hkwry ls 100 ehVj dh maQpkbZ ij ,d likV m. above the plains. About 3 km. in length, and never wider than f'k[kj ls ;qDr ,dkdh pV~Vku ckywiRFkj rFkk vflrk'e dh igkM+h ij fLFkr gSA 500 m., the hill plateau is aligned north to south and protected by a yxHkx 3 fd- eh- yack vkSj 500 ehVj rd pkSM+k igkM+h iBkj mÙkj ls nf{k.k dh vksj deep gorge called ‘Urwahi Valley’ on the western side. lhèk esa gS vkSj if'peh vksj ls ,d xgjh rax ^mjokgh ?kkVh* ls lajf{kr gSA The fort has the distinction of housing the 15th century A.D.
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