DOCSLIB.ORG

Socioeconomic Variability in Federal Period Overhill Cherokee Archaeological Assemblages

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Socioeconomic Variability in Federal Period Overhill Cherokee Archaeological Assemblages University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 3-1987 Socioeconomic Variability in Federal Period Overhill Cherokee Archaeological Assemblages Brett High Riggs University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Riggs, Brett High, "Socioeconomic Variability in Federal Period Overhill Cherokee Archaeological Assemblages. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1987. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3543 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Brett High Riggs entitled "Socioeconomic Variability in Federal Period Overhill Cherokee Archaeological Assemblages." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Gerald F. Schroedl, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Paul Parmalee, Jefferson Chapman Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Brett High Riggs entitled "Socioeconomic Variability in Federal Period Overbill Cherokee Archeological Assemblages." I have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts , with a maj or in Anthropology. , terald F. Schroedl, Maj or Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Accepted for the Council: Vice Provost and·Dean of The.:;Gradul:!.te School STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulf ill.ment of the requirements for a Master's degree at The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, I agree that the Library shall make it available to borrowers under the rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of the source is made . Permission for extensive quotation from or reproduction of this thesis may be granted by my maj or professor, or in his absence, by the Head of Interlibrary Services when , in the opinion of either , the proposed use is for scholarly purposes . Any copying or use of the material in this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my wr itten permission. � Signature Date �4/?86 SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABILITY IN FEDERAL PERIOD OVERBILL CHEROKEE ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSEMBLAGES A Thesis Presented for the Master of Arts Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Brett High Riggs March 1987 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is the product of the efforts, advice, and support of numerous people, institutions, and agencies. I extend my gratitude to the members of my committee, Dr. Gerald Schroedl, Dr. Paul Parmalee, and Dr. Jefferson Chapman, who patiently awaited completion of this thesis and accomodated my efforts in every respect. William Baden, Dr. Jan Simek, Dr. Clifford Boyd, and Ann Reed assisted and advised me in both technical and theoretical aspects of the quantitative analyses. Charles Hall provided invaluable aid and advice in the physical preparation of the text. Miles Wright prepared the photographic materials pictured in this thesis. Linda Carnes, Dr. Clifford Boyd, Thomas Whyte, Nancy Bell, David McMahan, and Sandra Raredon are credited with the analysis of material assemblages from the Bell Rattle Cabin Site. Dr. Paul Parmalee graciously made facilities available for the identification of the Bell Rattle Cabin Site faunal materials and lent his advice in this identification. Dr. William Dickinson assisted in the identification of fish remains from the Bell Rattle Cabin Site. Fieldwork at the Bell Rattle Cabin Site and analysis of the recovered materials were financed and supported as part of the Tennessee Valley Authority Contract No. TV-56255A. Much of the data used for this thesis was derived from records housed in the Frank H. McClung Museum at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. I gratefully acknowledge the role of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the National Park Service, the Department of Anthropology and the Museum for the recovery, curation and access to these data. ii I wish to extend my thanks to my friends, Thomas Whyte, Clifford Boyd, William Baden, Norman Jefferson, and Larry Kimball, who made my participation in the Department of Anthropology graduate program particularly enjoyable. My parents and family have been particularly supportive of my education and deserve my sincerest thanks. Host of all, my wife, Pandora Riggs, has patiently encouraged, supported, and assisted my anthropological endeavors. She has lent her professional expertise, her advice, her time, and interest toward completion of this thesis. Her love has continued when all else fails. Brett H. Riggs iii ABSTRACT During the early nineteenth century, Cherokee society rapidly evolved from its traditional state of social and economic homogeneity into a state of marked socioeconomic heterogeneity. This transformation is attributable to differential acculturation of Anglo-American economic strategies, material culture, and ideologies by various sectors of Cherokee society. Such socioeconomic heterogeneity is expected to be manifested in the archaeological record by a high degree of intercontextual variability in Federal Period Cherokee assemblages, contrasting with low levels of variability in Colonial Period Cherokee assemblages. This proposition is addressed in this study through comparative analysis of 13 Federal Period Cherokee assemblages, two Federal Period Anglo-American assemblages, and 43 late Colonial Period Cherokee assemblages derived from contexts in the Tellico Reservoir Archaeological Project area of eastern Tennessee. Patterns of material variability revealed in this analysis indicate a high degree of interassemblage variation among Federal Period Cherokee archaeological assemblages. This variation distinguishes Federal Period Cherokee assemblages most similar to contemporary Anglo-American farmstead assemblages from Federal Period assemblages most similar to the Colonial Period Cherokee sample. Most distinctive among the Federal Period Cherokee sample are assemblages from the Bell Rattle Cabin Site (40MR 211), a single family Cherokee farmstead dating 1800-1826. This site, the first of its type investigated in Tennessee, is reported in Appendixes B-G of this thesis. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE 1 I. INTRODUCTION.�----------------- - 1 Study Objectives.__ __________________________________ The Study Area�--------------------------------­ 3 6 The Study Period ---- �---------------------------- Materials and Me-t�hod s 6 Previous Historical Analyses of Cherokee Acculturation 8 -- ---- -------- --�------ --- Previous Archaeological� �� Research and� Analyses of� Overbill Cherokee Acculturation-------------------- 9 II. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BACKGROUND___________ _ 12 Pre-Revolutionary Patterns --------------- 12 ����� (1776-1794) __ 14 The Revolutionary Period ______________ (17 94-1824) 16 __ __ ___ The Federal Period _ __________ 32 Summary ____________ ____ ______ ____________________ III. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD 34 General Expectations 35 36 Material Dimensions of Socioeconomic Variability___ 67 Socioeconomic Variability in Settlement Patterning____ Summary of Archaeological Expectations 68 IV. ASSEMBLAGE ANALYSIS 72 Analysis Format 76 Diversity Analysis 81 Multivariate Analyses 85 Principal Components Analysis 86 Cluster Analysis 89 Canonical Discriminant Analysis 94 Summary and Conclusions 97 V. STUDY SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 105 LIST OF REFERENCES 113 APPENDIXES 125 APPENDIX A: ARTIFACT COMPOSITIONS OF STUDY ASSEMBLAGES 126 APPENDIX B: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS AND ASSEMBLAGES AT THE BELL RATTLE CABIN SITE (40MR 211) 128 Introduction 128 Site Location and Environs 128 Historic Background 130 Archaeological Fieldwork 132 v Material Assemblages from the Bell Rattle Cabin Site (40MR 211) 142 Discussion of the Federal Period Cherokee Component_ 16 1 Summary 166 APPENDIX C: ABORIGINAL CERAMICS FROM THE BELL RATTLE CABIN SITE (40MR 211) 167 APPENDIX D: EURO-AMERICAN ARTIFACTS FROM THE BELL RATTLE CABIN SITE (40MR 211) 17 1 APPENDIX E: FAUNAL REMAINS FROM THE BELL RATTLE CABIN SITE (40MR 211), FEATURE 1 17 4 APPENDIX F: ARCHAEOBOTANICAL REMAINS FROM THE BELL RATTLE CABIN SITE (40MR 211) 177 APPENDIX G: LITHIC ARTIFACTS FROM THE BELL RATTLE CABIN SITE (40MR 211) 180 VITA 189 vi LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Archaeological Assemblages Included in the Comparative Analysis 73 2. Artifact Classification Format 77 3. Varimax Rotated Factor Pattern Matrix 88 4. Canonical Variate Structure 95 5. Artifact Class Profiles of Groups Defined in the Cluster Solution 100 vii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1. Map illustrating locations of sites included in the comparative analysis 4 2. Federal Period Cherokee communities in the Hiwassee District 5 3. Plot of assemblage sizes and class richness 83
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cherokee Ethnogenesis in Southwestern North Carolina
    The following chapter is from: The Archaeology of North Carolina: Three Archaeological Symposia Charles R. Ewen – Co-Editor Thomas R. Whyte – Co-Editor R. P. Stephen Davis, Jr. – Co-Editor North Carolina Archaeological Council Publication Number 30 2011 Available online at: http://www.rla.unc.edu/NCAC/Publications/NCAC30/index.html CHEROKEE ETHNOGENESIS IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH CAROLINA Christopher B. Rodning Dozens of Cherokee towns dotted the river valleys of the Appalachian Summit province in southwestern North Carolina during the eighteenth century (Figure 16-1; Dickens 1967, 1978, 1979; Perdue 1998; Persico 1979; Shumate et al. 2005; Smith 1979). What developments led to the formation of these Cherokee towns? Of course, native people had been living in the Appalachian Summit for thousands of years, through the Paleoindian, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippi periods (Dickens 1976; Keel 1976; Purrington 1983; Ward and Davis 1999). What are the archaeological correlates of Cherokee culture, when are they visible archaeologically, and what can archaeology contribute to knowledge of the origins and development of Cherokee culture in southwestern North Carolina? Archaeologists, myself included, have often focused on the characteristics of pottery and other artifacts as clues about the development of Cherokee culture, which is a valid approach, but not the only approach (Dickens 1978, 1979, 1986; Hally 1986; Riggs and Rodning 2002; Rodning 2008; Schroedl 1986a; Wilson and Rodning 2002). In this paper (see also Rodning 2009a, 2010a, 2011b), I focus on the development of Cherokee towns and townhouses. Given the significance of towns and town affiliations to Cherokee identity and landscape during the 1700s (Boulware 2011; Chambers 2010; Smith 1979), I suggest that tracing the development of towns and townhouses helps us understand Cherokee ethnogenesis, more generally.
    [Show full text]
  • Talking Stone: Cherokee Syllabary Inscriptions in Dark Zone Caves
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2017 Talking Stone: Cherokee Syllabary Inscriptions in Dark Zone Caves Beau Duke Carroll University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Recommended Citation Carroll, Beau Duke, "Talking Stone: Cherokee Syllabary Inscriptions in Dark Zone Caves. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2017. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4985 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Beau Duke Carroll entitled "Talking Stone: Cherokee Syllabary Inscriptions in Dark Zone Caves." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Jan Simek, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: David G. Anderson, Julie L. Reed Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Talking Stone: Cherokee Syllabary Inscriptions in Dark Zone Caves A Thesis Presented for the Master of Arts Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Beau Duke Carroll December 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Beau Duke Carroll All rights reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis would not be possible without the following people who contributed their time and expertise.
    [Show full text]
  • National Historic Landmark
    BLOOD RUN NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANCE AND NEEDS | LYON COUNTY, IOWA MARCH 2013 The Blood Run National Historic Landmark is a site that bridges many worldviews in time and culture. It is a place of many voices, many histories, and many stories. At its highpoint in the 16th and 17th centuries the site represented the center of a bustling, complex world linked to the quarries at today’s Pipestone National Monument in Minnesota, the activities that created the Jeffers petroglyph site in Minnesota, and far beyond through trade. For its time, Blood Run held an important position among societies on the cusp of drastic and inalterable change. Blood Run is a site with many pasts and competing visions for the future. To understand why things happened the way they did at the place known archaeologically as Blood Run is to move through the land, the place, the times. Sioux quartzite boulder with over 700 pits. Pipes and pipestone fragments characteristic of Blood Run. Photo Credit: John Pearson Blood Run encompasses over 1.3 square miles (844 acres) along both sides of the Big Sioux River on the Iowa/South Dakota border. Named for Blood Run Creek, the site was home to numerous prehistoric and protohistoric groups. Most notably, it is the largest known and most complex site of the late prehistoric Oneota tradition. Above the ground, remnants of this community include large and small mounds and enigmatic pitted boulders—large rocks with hundreds of small “cups” covering their surface. Between 68 and 80 mounds are still visible in Iowa today.
    [Show full text]
  • POLK MONROE BRADLEY BLOUNT MEIGS RHEA Mcminn HAMILTON MARION ROANE LOUDON
    68 27 LOUDON Watts Bar 58 11 24" 72 SPRING Lake 411 Numbers in dark orange circles CITY ROANE LOUDON 89 Philadelphia correspond to numbered Points of Ten Mile Interest throughout this guide. Tellico 129 Chattanooga AREA Lake GREENBACK BLOUNT SELF-GUIDED DRIVING tour 68 1 Point of Interest 75 36" 68 87-88 72 Visitor Information SWEETWATER 82 81 80 72 Land Trust for Tennessee VONORE FOOTHILLS Great Find out more at PARKWAY Protected Property Fort Loudon Pumpkin Center Smoky TanasiTrail.com MEIGS 83 411 State Park Main Trail TennesseeRiver Mountains RHEA 11 86 National 8" Chilhowee Lake Off-Trail Highlight 30 27 107-109 90-91 84-85 Park 30 DECATUR 68 Little Tennessee River All locations on map are approximate. NIOTA Map is not to scale. MADISONVILLE 129 watch for these DAYTON signs along 30 305 93 99 307 the TANASI trail 303 60 92 Tellico River route. 58 94-98 MONROE 69 360 Cherokee GRAYSVILLE ENGLEWOOD I-24, mile marker 171.8, E bound 67-68 National Hiwassee ATHENS Hamilton Co. (Tiftonia), 423-821-2628 Wildlife 110 Mount Vernon Forest NORTH Refuge I-75, mile marker 0.7, N bound 411 CAROLINA 114 Big 39 112-113 68 TELLICO Hamilton Co. (Chattanooga), 423-894-6399 Spring PLAINS Cherohala Skyway Sale Creek National Scenic Byway Riceville 30 70-73 111 74 75 TANASI TRAIL EXTRAS: Page Birchwood 75 11 78 Farms ......................................... 17 39 76-77 165 Festivals & Events ........................ 18 McMINN 310 60 62-66 Tellico River Food & Wine ............................... 12 27 CALHOUN ETOWAH Great Outdoors ............................ 16 100-101 Lodging .....................................
    [Show full text]
  • The North Carolina Booklet
    I VOL. IV DECEMBER, 1904. NO. 6 I THE North CflROLiNfl Booklet. GREAT EVENTS IN NORTH CAROLINA HISTORY RUTHERFORD'S EXPEDITION AGAINST THE INDIANS, 1776, CAPTAIN S. A. ASHE. I Price 10 Cents $1 THE Year entjered at the post-office at rai/Eigh, n. c, as second-class matter. The North Carolina Booklet Great Events IN /iORTHCflROUNn History VOIi.. IV. 1. May—The Lords Proprietors of the Province of Carolina. Kemp P. Battle, LL.D. 2. June—The Battle of Eamsour's Mill. Major William A. Graham. 3 July—Rejection of the Federal Constitution in 1788, and it's Subse- quent Adoption. Associate Justice Henry G. Connor. 4. August—North Carolina Signers of the National Declaration of Inde- pendence: William Hooper, John Penn, Joseph Hewes. Mrs. Spier Whitaker, Mr. T. M. Pittman, Dr. Walter Sikes. 5. September—Homes of North Carolina—The Hermitage, Vernon Hall. Colonel William H. S. Burgwyn, Prof. Collier Cobb. 6. October—Expedition to Carthagena in 1740. Chief Justice Walter Clark. 7. November—The Earliest English Settlement in America. Mr. W. J. Peele. 8. December—The Battle of Guilford Court House. Prof. D. H. Hill. 9. January—Rutherford's Expedition Against the Indians, 1776. Captain S. A. Ashe. 10. February—The Highland Scotch Settlement in North Carolina. Judge James C. MacRae. 11. March—The Scotch-Irish Settlement in North Carolina. 12. April—Governor Thomas Pollock. Mrs. John Hinsdale. One Booklet a month will be issued by the North Carolina Society OF THE Daughters op the Revolution, beginning May, 1904. Price, $1 per year. Parties who wish to renew their subscription to the Booklet for Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Cherokees in Arkansas
    CHEROKEES IN ARKANSAS A historical synopsis prepared for the Arkansas State Racing Commission. John Jolly - first elected Chief of the Western OPERATED BY: Cherokee in Arkansas in 1824. Image courtesy of the Smithsonian American Art Museum LegendsArkansas.com For additional information on CNB’s cultural tourism program, go to VisitCherokeeNation.com THE CROSSING OF PATHS TIMELINE OF CHEROKEES IN ARKANSAS Late 1780s: Some Cherokees began to spend winters hunting near the St. Francis, White, and Arkansas Rivers, an area then known as “Spanish Louisiana.” According to Spanish colonial records, Cherokees traded furs with the Spanish at the Arkansas Post. Late 1790s: A small group of Cherokees relocated to the New Madrid settlement. Early 1800s: Cherokees continued to immigrate to the Arkansas and White River valleys. 1805: John B. Treat opened a trading post at Spadra Bluff to serve the incoming Cherokees. 1808: The Osage ceded some of their hunting lands between the Arkansas and White Rivers in the Treaty of Fort Clark. This increased tension between the Osage and Cherokee. 1810: Tahlonteeskee and approximately 1,200 Cherokees arrived to this area. 1811-1812: The New Madrid earthquake destroyed villages along the St. Francis River. Cherokees living there were forced to move further west to join those living between AS HISTORICAL AND MODERN NEIGHBORS, CHEROKEE the Arkansas and White Rivers. Tahlonteeskee settled along Illinois Bayou, near NATION AND ARKANSAS SHARE A DEEP HISTORY AND present-day Russellville. The Arkansas Cherokee petitioned the U.S. government CONNECTION WITH ONE ANOTHER. for an Indian agent. 1813: William Lewis Lovely was appointed as agent and he set up his post on CHEROKEE NATION BUSINESSES RESPECTS AND WILL Illinois Bayou.
    [Show full text]
  • Trailword.Pdf
    NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 (March 1992) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. _X___ New Submission ____ Amended Submission ======================================================================================================= A. Name of Multiple Property Listing ======================================================================================================= Historic and Historical Archaeological Resources of the Cherokee Trail of Tears ======================================================================================================= B. Associated Historic Contexts ======================================================================================================= (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) See Continuation Sheet ======================================================================================================= C. Form Prepared by =======================================================================================================
    [Show full text]
  • 2018-19 Annual Report Donor Roll Mr
    McCLUNG MUSEUM 2018-2019 ANNUAL REPORT director As I write this, the museum is preparing for the arrival of the new director, Claudio Gómez, the first to serve as the Jefferson Chapman vision Executive Director. As announced in our newsletter, Claudio has been The McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture will be one of the top university museums in the country. the director of the National Museum of Natural History in Santiago, Chile. A highlight of this transition for me was a retirement fund– raising dinner at Cherokee Country Club in June. I have been truly mission honored and moved by wonderful letters, poems, and pictures that The McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture complements and embraces the mission of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. have been generated by my retirement. The McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture seeks to advance understanding and appreciation of the earth and its natural Exhibitions this year—a history of mind-altering drugs, visual culture wonders, its peoples and societies, their cultural and scientific achievements, and the boundless diversity of the human experience. of the Civil Rights movement, art from indigenous communities in The museum is committed to excellence in teaching, scholarship, community service, and professional practice. India, and recent acquisitions—reflect both our broad educational mission and the talents of our staff. Concomitant with our exhibits, both temporary and long term, were strong education programs attendance comprising experiences for PreK-12, families, the community, and The museum continues to serve visitors from Knoxville and nearby communities, tourists, and university students, and faculty.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Trail News
    Trail of Tears National Historic Trail Trail News Enthusiastic Groups Attend Preservation Workshops Large groups and enthusiastic properties, to seek help in identifying valuable preservation expertise from participation characterized two recently- previously unknown historic buildings representatives of three State Historic held Trail of Tears National Historic Trail along the trail routes, and to set priorities Preservation Ofces (SHPOs). Mark (NHT) preservation workshops. The among chapter members for actions Christ and Tony Feaster spoke on behalf frst took place in Cleveland, Tennessee, to be taken related toward historic site of the Arkansas Historic Preservation on July 8 and 9, while the second took identifcation and preservation. Program, and Lynda Ozan—who also place on July 12 and 13 in Fayetteville, attended the Fayetteville meeting— Arkansas. More than 80 Trail of Tears To assist association members in represented the Oklahoma SHPO. At Association (TOTA) members and expanding the number of known historic the Cleveland meeting, Peggy Nickell friends attended the workshops, which sites along the trail, the NPS has been represented the Tennessee SHPO. TOTA took place as a result of the combined working for the past year with the Center President Jack Baker, recently elected to eforts of the Trail of Tears Association, for Historic Preservation at Middle the Cherokee Nation’s Tribal Council, the National Park Service (NPS), and Tennessee State University. Two staf played a key leadership role at both Middle Tennessee State University in members from the center, Amy Kostine workshops. Murphreesboro. and Katie Randall, were on hand at both workshops, and each shared information Representatives of both the Choctaw The workshops had several purposes: to on what had been learned about newly- and Chickasaw nations were also in provide information about historic sites discovered trail properties.
    [Show full text]
  • A Thirtieth Anniversary Gathering in Memory of the Little Tennessee
    Boston College Law School Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School Boston College Law School Faculty Papers 1-1-2010 Setting It Straight: A Thirtieth Anniversary Gathering in Memory of the Little eT nnessee River and its Valley Zygmunt J.B. Plater Boston College Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/lsfp Part of the Environmental Law Commons, and the Land Use Planning Commons Recommended Citation Zygmunt J.B. Plater, Setting It Straight: A Thirtieth Anniversary Gathering…in Memory of the Little Tennessee River and its Valley. Newton, MA: Z. Plater, 2010. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College Law School Faculty Papers by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SSSeeettttttiiinnnggg IIIttt SSStttrrraaaiiiggghhhttt::: aaa TTThhhiiirrrtttiiieeettthhh AAAnnnnnniiivvveeerrrsssaaarrryyy GGGaaattthhheeerrriiinnnggg ......... iiinnn MMMeeemmmooorrryyy ooofff ttthhheee LLLiiittttttllleee TTTeeennnnnneeesssssseeeeee RRRiiivvveeerrr aaannnddd IIItttsss VVVaaalllllleeeyyy Created: 200,000,000 BC — eliminated by TVA: November 29, 1979 R.I.P. AAA RRReeeuuunnniiiooonnn ooofff TTTeeelllllliiicccooo DDDaaammm RRReeesssiiisssttteeerrrss::: fffaaarrrmmmeeerrrsss &&& lllaaannndddooowwwnnneeerrrsss,,, ssspppooorrrtttsssmmmeeennn,,, ttthhheee EEEaaasssttteeerrrnnn BBBaaannnddd ooofff CCChhheeerrroookkkeeeeeesss,,, &&& cccooonnnssseeerrrvvvaaatttiiiooonnniiissstttsss Vonore Community Center, Vonore, Tennessee, November 14, 2009 The Little Tennessee River: A Time-Line 200,000,000 BC — God raises up the Great Smoky Mountains, and the Little T starts flowing westward down out of the mountains. 8000 BC — archaic settlements arise in the meadows along the Little T in the rolling countryside West of the mountains. 1000-1400 AD — Early proto-Cherokee Pisgah culture; villages are scattered along the Little T.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Appalachia
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Appalachian Studies Arts and Humanities 2-28-2001 A History of Appalachia Richard B. Drake Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation Drake, Richard B., "A History of Appalachia" (2001). Appalachian Studies. 23. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_appalachian_studies/23 R IC H ARD B . D RA K E A History of Appalachia A of History Appalachia RICHARD B. DRAKE THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY Publication of this volume was made possible in part by grants from the E.O. Robinson Mountain Fund and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Copyright © 2001 by The University Press of Kentucky Paperback edition 2003 Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre College of Kenhlcky Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University. All rights reserved. Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky 663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008 www.kentuckypress.com 12 11 10 09 08 8 7 6 5 4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Drake, Richard B., 1925- A history of Appalachia / Richard B.
    [Show full text]
  • Site Coordinator, Blood Run National Historic Landmark Reports To: Historic Sites Manager, State Historical Society of Iowa, Iowa Dept
    Job Title: Site Coordinator, Blood Run National Historic Landmark Reports To: Historic Sites Manager, State Historical Society of Iowa, Iowa Dept. of Cultural Affairs Work Location: Lyon County, Iowa (exact location TBD) Position Type: Part-Time, maximum of 780 hours/year Eligibility: Anyone interested in American/Iowa history, Native American studies, archaeology, anthropology, public history, or cultural/natural resource management is eligible to apply. Skills and qualities required: • Excellent communication skills, written and verbal, and the ability to speak to groups of people with ease. • Ability to learn and explain the history of the Blood Run site, as well as its natural and cultural features. • Must reflect the State Historical Society’s mission to preserve and present history in a friendly and accessible way. • Physical capability to assist Department of Natural Resources staff with site maintenance activities. Training and docent handbook provided. • Highly motivated self-starter with ability to work on solo or group projects. Summary of Responsibilities: Under general supervision, develop and deliver interpretation and educational programming at Blood Run National Historic Landmark. Coordinate booking of school and group tours. Lead tour groups through the site, explaining features and historical context. Answer questions related to the history of the site. Assist in the development of written interpretation such as brochures, outdoor panels, etc. Work with management and partners to organize special events, historical lectures, or other programs using outside presenters. Prepare presentations related to Blood Run and related history by researching and reading source material. Provide historical information in response to requests from interested parties by public speaking, and/or by locating and sending written material.
    [Show full text]