Lake City Tree Walk
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Psme 46 Douglas-Fir-Incense
PSME 46 DOUGLAS-FIR-INCENSE-CEDAR/PIPER'S OREGONGRAPE Pseudotsuga menziesii-Calocedrus decurrens/Berberis piperiana PSME-CADE27/BEPI2 (N=18; FS=18) Distribution. This Association occurs on the Applegate, Ashland, and Prospect Ranger Districts, Rogue River National Forest, and the Tiller and North Umpqua Ranger Districts, Umpqua National Forest. It may also occur on the Butte Falls Ranger District, Rogue River National Forest and adjacent Bureau of Land Management lands. Distinguishing Characteristics. This is a drier, cooler Douglas-fir association. White fir is frequently present, but with relatively low covers. Piper's Oregongrape and poison oak, dry site indicators, are also frequently present. Soils. Parent material is mostly schist, welded tuff, and basalt, with some andesite, diorite, and amphibolite. Average surface rock cover is 8 percent, with 8 percent gravel. Soils are generally deep, but may be moderately deep, with an average depth of greater than 40 inches. PSME 47 Environment. Elevation averages 3000 feet. Aspects vary. Slope averages 35 percent and ranges between 12 and 62 percent. Slope position ranges from the upper one-third of the slope down to the lower one-third of the slope. This Association may also occur on benches and narrow flats. Vegetation Composition and Structure. Total species richness is high for the Series, averaging 44 percent. The overstory is dominated by Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine, with sugar pine and incense-cedar common associates. Douglas-fir dominates the understory. Incense-cedar, white fir, and Pacific madrone frequently occur, generally with covers greater than 5 percent. Sugar pine is common. Frequently occurring shrubs include Piper's Oregongrape, baldhip rose, poison oak, creeping snowberry, and Pacific blackberry. -
Trees for Alkaline Soil Greg Paige, Arboretum Curator
RESEARCH LABORATORY TECHNICAL REPORT Trees for Alkaline Soil Greg Paige, Arboretum Curator Common name Scientific name Common name Scientific name Amur maple Acer ginnala Norway spruce Picea abies Hedge maple Acer campestre Serbian spruce Picea omorika Norway maple Acer platanoides Lacebark pine Pinus bungeana Paperbark maple Acer griseum Limber pine Pinus flexilis Tatarian maple Acer tatarian London plane tree Platanus x acerifolia European hornbeam Carpinus betulus Callery pear Pyrus calleryana Atlas cedar Cedrus atlantica (use cultivars) Cedar of Lebanon Cedrus libani Shingle oak Quercus imbricaria Deodar cedar Cedrus deodora Bur oak Quercus macrocarpa Hackberry Celtis occidentalis English oak Quercus robur Yellowwood Cladrastis lutea Littleleaf linden Tilia cordata Corneliancherry dogwood Cornus mas Silver linden Tilia tomentosa Cockspur hawthorn Crataegus crus-galli Lacebark elm Ulmus parvifolia Washington hawthorn Crataegus Japanese zelkova Zelkova serrata phaenopyrum Leyland cypress x Cupressocyparis leylandii Hardy rubber tree Eucommia ulmoides Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Founded in 1926, The Bartlett Tree Research Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba Laboratories is the research wing of Bartlett Tree Thornless honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos ‘inermis’ Experts. Scientists here develop guidelines for all of Kentucky coffeetree Gymnocladus dioicus the Company’s services. The Lab also houses a state- Goldenraintree Koelreuteria of-the-art plant diagnostic clinic and provides vital paniculata technical support to Bartlett arborists and field staff Amur maackia Maackia amurensis for the benefit of our clients. Crabapple Malus spp. Parrotia/Persian ironwood Parrotia persica Amur cork tree Phellodendron amurense Page 1 of 1 . -
DOUGLAS's Datasheet
DOUGLAS Page 1of 4 Family: PINACEAE (gymnosperm) Scientific name(s): Pseudotsuga menziesii Commercial restriction: no commercial restriction Note: Coming from North West of America, DOUGLAS FIR is often used for reaforestation in France and in Europe. Properties of european planted trees (young and with a rapid growth) which are mentionned in this sheet are different from those of the "Oregon pine" (old and with a slow growth) coming from its original growing area. WOOD DESCRIPTION LOG DESCRIPTION Color: pinkish brown Diameter: from 50 to 80 cm Sapwood: clearly demarcated Thickness of sapwood: from 5 to 10 cm Texture: medium Floats: pointless Grain: straight Log durability: low (must be treated) Interlocked grain: absent Note: Heartwood is pinkish brown with veins, the large sapwood is yellowish. Wood may show some resin pockets, sometimes of a great dimension. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES MECHANICAL AND ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES Physical and mechanical properties are based on mature heartwood specimens. These properties can vary greatly depending on origin and growth conditions. Mean Std dev. Mean Std dev. Specific gravity *: 0,54 0,04 Crushing strength *: 50 MPa 6 MPa Monnin hardness *: 3,2 0,8 Static bending strength *: 91 MPa 6 MPa Coeff. of volumetric shrinkage: 0,46 % 0,02 % Modulus of elasticity *: 16800 MPa 1550 MPa Total tangential shrinkage (TS): 6,9 % 1,2 % Total radial shrinkage (RS): 4,7 % 0,4 % (*: at 12% moisture content, with 1 MPa = 1 N/mm²) TS/RS ratio: 1,5 Fiber saturation point: 27 % Musical quality factor: 110,1 measured at 2971 Hz Stability: moderately stable NATURAL DURABILITY AND TREATABILITY Fungi and termite resistance refers to end-uses under temperate climate. -
Arthropod Diversity and Conservation in Old-Growth Northwest Forests'
AMER. ZOOL., 33:578-587 (1993) Arthropod Diversity and Conservation in Old-Growth mon et al., 1990; Hz Northwest Forests complex litter layer 1973; Lattin, 1990; JOHN D. LATTIN and other features Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, tural diversity of th Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2907 is reflected by the 14 found there (Lawtt SYNOPSIS. Old-growth forests of the Pacific Northwest extend along the 1990; Parsons et a. e coastal region from southern Alaska to northern California and are com- While these old posed largely of conifer rather than hardwood tree species. Many of these ity over time and trees achieve great age (500-1,000 yr). Natural succession that follows product of sever: forest stand destruction normally takes over 100 years to reach the young through successioi mature forest stage. This succession may continue on into old-growth for (Lattin, 1990). Fire centuries. The changing structural complexity of the forest over time, and diseases, are combined with the many different plant species that characterize succes- bances. The prolot sion, results in an array of arthropod habitats. It is estimated that 6,000 a continually char arthropod species may be found in such forests—over 3,400 different ments and habitat species are known from a single 6,400 ha site in Oregon. Our knowledge (Southwood, 1977 of these species is still rudimentary and much additional work is needed Lawton, 1983). throughout this vast region. Many of these species play critical roles in arthropods have lx the dynamics of forest ecosystems. They are important in nutrient cycling, old-growth site, tt as herbivores, as natural predators and parasites of other arthropod spe- mental Forest (HJ cies. -
Douglasfirdouglasfirfacts About
DouglasFirDouglasFirfacts about Douglas Fir, a distinctive North American tree growing in all states from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, is probably used for more Beams and Stringers as well as Posts and Timber grades include lumber and lumber product purposes than any other individual species Select Structural, Construction, Standard and Utility. Light Framing grown on the American Continent. lumber is divided into Select Structural, Construction, Standard, The total Douglas Fir sawtimber stand in the Western Woods Region is Utility, Economy, 1500f Industrial, and 1200f Industrial grades, estimated at 609 billion board feet. Douglas Fir lumber is used for all giving the user a broad selection from which to choose. purposes to which lumber is normally put - for residential building, light Factory lumber is graded according to the rules for all species, and and heavy construction, woodwork, boxes and crates, industrial usage, separated into Factory Select, No. 1 Shop, No. 2 Shop and No. 3 poles, ties and in the manufacture of specialty products. It is one of the Shop in 5/4 and thicker and into Inch Factory Select and No. 1 and volume woods of the Western Woods Region. No. 2 Shop in 4/4. Distribution Botanical Classification In the Western Douglas Fir is manufactured by a large number of Western Woods Douglas Fir was discovered and classified by botanist David Douglas in Woods Region, Region sawmills and is widely distributed throughout the United 1826. Botanically, it is not a true fir but a species distinct in itself known Douglas Fir trees States and foreign countries. Obtainable in straight car lots, it can as Pseudotsuga taxifolia. -
End Jointing of Laminated Veneer Lumber for Structural Use
End jointing of laminated veneer lumber for structural use J.A. Youngquist T.L. Laufenberg B.S. Bryant proprietary process for manufacturing extremely long Abstract lengths of the material both in panel widths and in LVL Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) materials rep- form. The proprietary process requires a substantial resent a design alternative for structural lumber users. capital investment, limiting production of LVL. If ex- The study of processing options for producing LVL in isting plywood facilities were adapted to processing of plywood manufacturing and glued-laminating facilities 5/8-inch- to 1-1/2-inch-thick panels, subsequent panel is of interest as this would allow existing production ripping and end jointing of the resultant structural equipment to be used. This study was conducted in three components could conceivably compete both in price and phases to assess the feasibility of using visually graded performance with the highest structural grades of lum- veneer to produce 8-foot LVL lengths which, when end ber. Herein lies the major concern of this study: Is it jointed, could be competitive with existing structural technically feasible to manufacture end-jointed LVL lumber products. Phase I evaluated panel-length from PLV panels made in conventional plywood 3/4-inch-thick LVL made from C- or D-grade 3/16-, 1/8-, presses? or 1/10-inch-thick veneer, and the effect of specimen width on flexural and tensile properties. Phase II evalu- An evaluation of the production and marketing ated the use of vertical and horizontal finger joints and feasibility of LVL products made from panel lengths scarfjoints to join 3/4-inch thicknesses of LVL. -
Cedrus Atlantica 'Glauca'
Fact Sheet ST-133 November 1993 Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca’ Blue Atlas Cedar1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION A handsome evergreen with blue, bluish-green or light green foliage, ‘Glauca’ Atlas Cedar is perfect for specimen planting where it can grow without being crowded since the tree looks its best when branches are left on the tree to the ground (Fig. 1). This shows off the wonderful irregular, open pyramidal form with lower branches spreading about half the height. It grows rapidly when young, then slowly, reaching 40 to 60 feet tall by 30 to 40 feet wide. The trunk stays fairly straight with lateral branches nearly horizontal. Allow plenty of room for these trees to spread. They are best located as a lawn specimen away from walks, streets, and sidewalks so branches will not have to be pruned. It looks odd if lower branches are removed. Older trees become flat-topped and are a beautiful sight to behold. GENERAL INFORMATION Scientific name: Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca’ Pronunciation: SEE-drus at-LAN-tih-kuh Common name(s): Blue Atlas Cedar Family: Pinaceae USDA hardiness zones: 6 through 8 (Fig. 2) Origin: not native to North America Uses: Bonsai; specimen Availability: generally available in many areas within Figure 1. Young Blue Atlas Cedar. its hardiness range DESCRIPTION Height: 40 to 60 feet Spread: 25 to 40 feet Crown uniformity: irregular outline or silhouette 1. This document is adapted from Fact Sheet ST-133, a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. -
Current U.S. Forest Data and Maps
CURRENT U.S. FOREST DATA AND MAPS Forest age FIA MapMaker CURRENT U.S. Forest ownership TPO Data FOREST DATA Timber harvest AND MAPS Urban influence Forest covertypes Top 10 species Return to FIA Home Return to FIA Home NEXT Productive unreserved forest area CURRENT U.S. FOREST DATA (timberland) in the U.S. by region and AND MAPS stand age class, 2002 Return 120 Forests in the 100 South, where timber production West is highest, have 80 s the lowest average age. 60 Northern forests, predominantly Million acreMillion South hardwoods, are 40 of slightly older in average age and 20 Western forests have the largest North concentration of 0 older stands. 1-19 20-39 40-59 60-79 80-99 100- 120- 140- 160- 200- 240- 280- 320- 400+ 119 139 159 199 240 279 319 399 Stand-age Class (years) Return to FIA Home Source: National Report on Forest Resources NEXT CURRENT U.S. FOREST DATA Forest ownership AND MAPS Return Eastern forests are predominantly private and western forests are predominantly public. Industrial forests are concentrated in Maine, the Lake States, the lower South and Pacific Northwest regions. Source: National Report on Forest Resources Return to FIA Home NEXT CURRENT U.S. Timber harvest by county FOREST DATA AND MAPS Return Timber harvests are concentrated in Maine, the Lake States, the lower South and Pacific Northwest regions. The South is the largest timber producing region in the country accounting for nearly 62% of all U.S. timber harvest. Source: National Report on Forest Resources Return to FIA Home NEXT CURRENT U.S. -
Exotic Pine Species for Georgia Dr
Exotic Pine Species For Georgia Dr. Kim D. Coder, Professor of Tree Biology & Health Care, Warnell School, UGA Our native pines are wonderful and interesting to have in landscapes, along streets, in yards, and for plantation use. But our native pine species could be enriched by planting selected exotic pine species, both from other parts of the United States and from around the world. Exotic pines are more difficult to grow and sustain here in Georgia than native pines. Some people like to test and experiment with planting exotic pines. Pride of the Conifers Pines are in one of six families within the conifers (Pinales). The conifers are divided into roughly 50 genera and more than 500 species. Figure 1. Conifer families include pine (Pinaceae) and cypress (Cupressaceae) of the Northern Hemisphere, and podocarp (Podocarpaceae) and araucaria (Araucariaceae) of the Southern Hemisphere. The Cephalotaxaceae (plum-yew) and Sciadopityaceae (umbrella-pine) families are much less common. Members from all these conifer families can be found as ornamental and specimen trees in yards around the world, governed only by climatic and pest constraints. Family & Friends The pine family (Pinaceae) has many genera (~9) and many species (~211). Most common of the genera includes fir (Abies), cedar (Cedrus), larch (Larix), spruce (Picea), pine (Pinus), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga), and hemlock (Tsuga). Of these genera, pines and hemlocks are native to Georgia. The pine genus (Pinus) contains the true pines. Pines (Pinus species) are found around the world almost entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. They live in many different places under highly variable conditions. Pines have been a historic foundation for industrial development and wealth building. -
Pseudotsuga Menziesii)
120 - PART 1. CONSENSUS DOCUMENTS ON BIOLOGY OF TREES Section 4. Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 1. Taxonomy Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco is generally called Douglas-fir (so spelled to maintain its distinction from true firs, the genus Abies). Pseudotsuga Carrière is in the kingdom Plantae, division Pinophyta (traditionally Coniferophyta), class Pinopsida, order Pinales (conifers), and family Pinaceae. The genus Pseudotsuga is most closely related to Larix (larches), as indicated in particular by cone morphology and nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA phylogenies (Silen 1978; Wang et al. 2000); both genera also have non-saccate pollen (Owens et al. 1981, 1994). Based on a molecular clock analysis, Larix and Pseudotsuga are estimated to have diverged more than 65 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene (Wang et al. 2000). The earliest known fossil of Pseudotsuga dates from 32 Mya in the Early Oligocene (Schorn and Thompson 1998). Pseudostuga is generally considered to comprise two species native to North America, the widespread Pseudostuga menziesii and the southwestern California endemic P. macrocarpa (Vasey) Mayr (bigcone Douglas-fir), and in eastern Asia comprises three or fewer endemic species in China (Fu et al. 1999) and another in Japan. The taxonomy within the genus is not yet settled, and more species have been described (Farjon 1990). All reported taxa except P. menziesii have a karyotype of 2n = 24, the usual diploid number of chromosomes in Pinaceae, whereas the P. menziesii karyotype is unique with 2n = 26. The two North American species are vegetatively rather similar, but differ markedly in the size of their seeds and seed cones, the latter 4-10 cm long for P. -
Douglas-Fir Pole and Engraver Beetles Attack Small Douglas-Fir Trees
Douglas-Fir Pole and Engraver Beetles Attack small Douglas-fir trees Name and Description—Douglas-fir pole beetle—Pseudohylesinus nebulosus (LeConte) Douglas-fir engraver beetle—Scolytus unispinosus LeConte An engraver beetle—Scolytus monticolae (Swaine) (= S. tsugae [Swaine]) [Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae] Douglas-fir pole and engraver beetles attack small-diameter Douglas-fir trees and tops of larger trees. They are commonly active during droughty periods. The Douglas-fir pole Figure 1. Galleries of Douglas-fir engraver 1 beetle adults are brown, slender, about /8 inch (3 mm) long, appear dull due to the dense beetle, Scolytus unispinosus. Photo: Wayne covering of scales, and have a round posterior. The engraver beetles average less than 1/8 Brewer, Auburn University, Bugwood.org. inch (3 mm) long and have a “sawed-off” posterior. Hosts—Douglas-fir is the principal host. Life Cycle—Depending on the location, Douglas-fir pole beetles and engraver beetles have one to two generations per year. Beetles usually emerge and attack in the spring. A short (1-3 inches [2.5-7.6 cm]), longitudinal egg gallery is constructed in the cambium layer, often with two branches—one up and one down the trunk—originating from the central entrance tunnel. The Douglas-fir engraver beetle gallery can be unbranched, extending in one direction from an enlarged chamber or notch. The galleries of the Douglas-fir engraver beetles (fig.1) can be distinguished from the galleries of Douglas-fir pole beetle (fig. 2) by the well-defined nuptial chamber made by engraver beetles. Larval galleries tend to turn upward and downward depend- ing on if they are above or below the notch. -
Town of Walden Zoning Ordinance
Town of Walden Zoning Ordinance Updated November 2020 2 Table of Contents Article 1. General Provisions, Rules and Definitions ................................................................ 2 1.01 General Purpose. ........................................................................................................... 2 1.02 Reference Title of Ordinance ......................................................................................... 2 1.03 Uses Restricted. ............................................................................................................. 2 1.04 Amplification of Regulations. .......................................................................................... 2 1.05 Private Restrictions. ....................................................................................................... 2 1.06 Construction of Language. ............................................................................................. 3 1.07 Specific Definitions. ....................................................................................................... 3 Article 2. Establishing Zones, Boundaries and Uses of Property ......................................... 10 2.01 Divisions into Zones. .................................................................................................... 10 2.02 The Zoning Map. .......................................................................................................... 10 2.03 Measurement of Boundaries. ......................................................................................