MR Angiographic Demonstration of an Intracranial Not Seen on Conventional

John T. Curnes, 1 Mark E. C. Shogry, 1 David C. Clark, 1 and Henry J. Elsner2

Summary: A patient with documented subarachnoid hemor­ In patients with documented subarachnoid rhage underwent conventional angiography, which was nega­ hemorrhage, the "negative angiogram" occurs in tive. MR angiography performed immediately after the conven­ up to 20% of cases ( 1). In addition to repeat tional angiogram demonstrated a 4-mm anterior communicating angiography at 7 to 10 days, we have recom­ aneurysm. This finding was confirmed 1 week later with repeat angiography, and the aneurysm was clipped surgically. mended magnetic resonance (MR) evaluation to detect occult (2) or dural ar­ Index terms: Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA); Aneu­ teriovenous fistulas (3). We now report a case of rysm, magnetic resonance; Subarachnoid space, hemorrhage an aneurysm documented by MR angiography

A B Fig. 1. A, Noncontrast computed tomography scan. Blood is present in the basilar cisterns, and a focal clot is seen in the anterior interhemispheric fissure. 8 , A nteroposterior right common carotid artery angiogram with left cross-com pres­ sion fails to reveal an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. C, Left common carotid artery base view and D, oblique view , show splaying of !the anterior cerebral , but no aneurysm.

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Received July 14, 1992; accepted August 21. 1 Greensboro Radiology Associates, Box 13005, Greensboro, NC 27415. Address reprint requests to John T. Curnes. 2 Guilford Neurosurgical Associates, 1200 N. Elm St. , Greensboro, NC 27 401 .

AJNR 14:971-973, Jul/Aug 1993 0195-6108/ 93/ 1404- 0971 © American Society of Neuroradiology 971 972 CURNES AJNR: 14, July/ August 1993

(MRA) immediately following a negative angio­ at the junction of the right anterior cerebral with the anterior gram. communicating artery (Fig. 2). MRA was performed with a 1.5-T magnet (GE Signa, Milwaukee, WI) using a 3-D phase contrast technique, 23/7.3/20° (TR/ TE/ flip angle) with a Case Report velocity-encoding value of 30 em / second. Sixty-four im­ ages were obtained in a slab 60-mm thick, using a matrix A 58-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of of 256 X 128 with 1.0 signals averaged. A cquisition time the ""worst of her life." Computed tom ography was 12:35. Eighteen projection images were obtained. The scan showed subarachno id blood w ith a focal clot in the clot in the interhemispheric fissure was isointense, but interhem ispheric fi ssure (Fig. 1 A). Four-vessel angiography splayed the A segments of the distal anterior cerebral was performed, w ith special attention to the anterior com ­ 2 artery. municating artery, using cross-compression on each ca­ Repeat angiography 7 days later confirmed the MRA rotid, and multiple oblique projections, including base views findings (Fig. 3). Retrospective analysis of the first angio­ (Fig. 1 B-1 D). No aneurysm was seen. MRA performed gram failed to reveal the aneurysm. Surgery confirmed the within 1 hour of the angiogram showed a 4-mm aneurysm aneurysm in the expected location, and the patient made a good recovery .

Discussion MRA holds great promise for evaluation of patients with vascular lesions, including aneu­ rysms (4). However, comparative studies empha­ size conventional angiography as the gold stand­ ard. In this case report, MRA was able to dem­ onstrate an aneurysm invisible at conventional angiography. We can only speculate on the reason the initial angiogram did not show the aneurysm. We may not have chosen the exact projection optimal for its demonstration. However, similar projections did show it the second time. At some point, Fig. 2. 3-D phase contrast M RA ( 10° right posteri or oblique) shows a 4-mm anterior communicating artery aneurysm at its contrast volume and time limitations dictate ter­ j unction of the right anterior cerebra l artery (arrow). mination of the study. There may have been

A

Fig. 3. A , Right anteroposterior angiogram perform ed 7 days later still shows no aneur sm . B, R1 ght common ca rot1d artery base v1ew confirms anterior communicating artery aneurysm (arrow). y AJNR: 14, July/ August 1993 MRA OF 973 altered circulation within the aneurysm, either noid hemorrhage. MRA is limited in the detection slow flow or clot, which prevented contrast opac­ of small (less than 3 mm) and giant ification but changed (lysed) prior to MRA. Vital aneurysms with slow flow (4). A negative MR and signs, including , remained stable MRA in the presence of subarachnoid hemor­ throughout conventional angiography and MR rhage should not preclude angiography; similarly, imaging. There may have been some alteration it is apparent that the MR and MRA evaluation of in hemodynamics within the aneurysm between the patient whose angiogram is negative may the angiogram and MRA. Although it is unlikely reveal angiographically occult lesions. that a clot lysed, a rise in blood pressure may have increased flow into the aneurysm, allowing References detection on MRA. 1. Drayer BP . Diseases of the cerebral vascular system . In: Heinz ER. A recent article by Owen (5) found MRA sig­ ed . The clinical neurosciences. Vol 4. New York: Churchill Li vingston, nificantly more sensitive than conventional an­ 1984:336 giography in the detection of distal runoff vessels 2. Ostrov SG, Quencer RM , Hoffman JD, Davis PC, Hasse AN. David in patients with peripheral . The NJ. Hemorrhage within pituitary adenomas: how often associated ability of MRA to image flowing blood directly with pituitary apoplexy syndrome') A JNR: Am J Neuroradiol 1989; 10:503-510 instead of relying on the temporal opacification 3. DeMarco JK, Dillon WP, Halbach VV, T suruda J S. Dural arteriovenous of vessels by contrast from upstream injection fistulas: evaluation with MR imaging. Radiology 1990; 175: 193-199 removes the multiple variables of altered hemo­ 4. Ross J S, Masaryk T J. Modic MT, et al. In tracran ia l aneurysm : dynamics, injection rates and volumes, and film­ evaluation by MR angiography. AJNR: Am J Neuroradiol 1990; ing projections. 11:449-455 5. Owen RS, Carpenter JP, Baum RA, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging Conventional angiography remains the tech­ of angiographically occult runoff vessels in peripheral arterial occlu­ nique of choice in initial evaluation of subarach- sive disease. N Eng/ J Med 1992;326: 1577-1581