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The Impact of Pre-Congressional Political Experience

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The Impact of Pre-Congressional Political Experience AMATEURS AND PROFESSIONALS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES: THE IMPACT OF PRE-CONGRESSIONAL POLITICAL EXPERIENCE By JACOB R. STRAUS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2006 Copyright 2006 by Jacob R. Straus To my wife and best friend, Sarah ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would never have been possible without the support of my wife, Sarah, and her constant love and encouragement through all of the trials and tribulations of data collection, writing and proofreading. My parents, Harriet and Steve Straus also deserve a special thank you for all of their encouragement and to their unending ability to listen and ask questions without influencing or interfering with my decision making process. I would also like to offer sincere thanks to Larry Dodd, for inspiring me to find a topic that excites me and to pursue a research style that suite my strengths. In addition, I could not have completed my work without the invaluable suggestions of my dissertation committee members including my co-chair Beth Rosenson, Ken Wald, Renee Johnson and Leonard Beeghley. They have all encouraged me to think outside of my line of vision and to explore outlets that have allowed me to explore this topic with a richer perspective. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... xi ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1 THE AMATEUR PHENOMENON.............................................................................1 Amateurs in American Life ..........................................................................................2 Music .....................................................................................................................3 Science...................................................................................................................5 Sports.....................................................................................................................6 Public Administration and Political Science .........................................................8 Amateurs and Professionals in Congress....................................................................11 Methods ......................................................................................................................17 Outline ........................................................................................................................19 2 MEMBERS OF CONGRESS AND THEIR WORLD...............................................23 Freshman in the House of Representatives.................................................................26 Age ......................................................................................................................30 Gender .................................................................................................................31 Race .....................................................................................................................32 Education.............................................................................................................35 Religion ...............................................................................................................37 Number of Terms Served in Congress ................................................................40 Classifying Amateurs and Professionals ....................................................................42 Pure Amateurs .....................................................................................................44 Mostly Amateurs .................................................................................................45 Semi-Amateurs....................................................................................................46 Semi-Professionals ..............................................................................................47 Mostly Professionals ...........................................................................................48 Pure Professionals ...............................................................................................48 v 3 THE COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENT PROCESS.......................................................50 Amateurs.....................................................................................................................54 Professionals...............................................................................................................58 Committee Importance ...............................................................................................62 Primary Committee Assignments...............................................................................65 Secondary Committee Assignments...........................................................................70 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................73 4 ELECTORAL SUCCESS...........................................................................................75 Election Literature ......................................................................................................76 Running for Office ..............................................................................................76 Fund Raising........................................................................................................80 Constituent Connections and Service..................................................................83 Election Results for Amateurs and Professionals.......................................................85 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................93 5 ISSUE CHOICE AND LEGISLATIVE APPRENTICESHIP...................................95 Policy Analysis ...........................................................................................................98 Views of the World...................................................................................................101 The Market Model.............................................................................................102 The Polis Model ................................................................................................105 Pressures on Members of Congress..........................................................................108 Constituents .......................................................................................................109 Personal Policy Goals........................................................................................110 The President.....................................................................................................111 Policy and Members of Congress.............................................................................112 The Pure Amateur: Douglas (Pete) Peterson....................................................113 The Mostly Amateur: Martha Keys..................................................................116 The Semi Amateur: Byron Dorgan...................................................................117 The Semi Professional: Kweisi Mfume............................................................120 The Mostly Professional: Catherine Long........................................................122 The Pure Professional: John Olver...................................................................124 Overall Legislative Success......................................................................................126 6 CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................130 Committee Assignments...........................................................................................131 Electoral Success ......................................................................................................133 Legislative Entrepreneurship....................................................................................134 Toward the Future.....................................................................................................135 Bounded Rationality..........................................................................................137 Sensemaking......................................................................................................138 Final Thoughts..........................................................................................................146 vi APPENDIX A DESCRIPTION OF CODED MEMBERS OF CONGRESS...................................147 B ALTERNATIVE REPRESENTATION OF FRESHMEN DEMOGRAPHICS......148 C CATEGORICAL COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS OF AMATEURS AND PROFESSIONALS...................................................................................................152 LIST OF REFERENCES.................................................................................................157 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ...........................................................................................165
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