ENGLISH OTHER PLANTS IN THE VARIOUS BIOTOPES

La Saison des Fêtes is a ‘living artwork’ by also spread out across the garden. There the French artist Pierre Huyghe (Paris, 1962). are also plants that keep the soil covered Huyghe is fascinated by the ambiguous way and that reinforce the atmosphere in that people relate to nature. He works in various places. many different media and creates, among other things, large-scale installations in La Saison des Fêtes reveals the connection between humans and nature in a stylized A. Tussock grass A. Tussock grass A. Wavy Hair-grass A. Sand sedge which animals or plants play a role. Deschampsia Deschampsia Deschampsia Carex arenaria manner. Here, art has forced nature into cespitosa cespitosa ‘Goldtau’ flexuosa In La Saison des Fêtes it involves plants: a certain order. Humans, in this case the a colourful collection of trees, shrubs, Kröller-Müller Museum, will have to continue perennials, annuals and bulbs, arranged in intervening in the natural development to a circular garden. The plants are related to maintain the artwork in its intended form. festivals and memorial days from all around the world, twenty in total and all selected With the flowering of the different plants by Pierre Huyghe. From the large, visually and the reference to the festivals, seasons A. Common rush A. Hairawn muhly B. Sweet woodruff B. Cinquefoils dominant palm tree to the tiny clover, all and months, La Saison des Fêtes remains constantly topical. The work is an important Juncus effusus Muhlenbergia Galium odoratum Potentilla tridentata the plants play a role in a celebration or capillaris ‘Nuuk’ commemoration, somewhere in the world. moment in the oeuvre of Pierre Huyghe, who is less interested in making objects as Many of the festivals hark back to ancient incidents than he is in initiating processes traditions, superstitions and rituals, often and creating situations that develop and handed down through and combined with are subject to change. the Christian faith. They often stem from a time when humans still had a close relation- La Saison des Fêtes is situated on what was ship with nature and plants had a major previously a grass field of about 3500 m² in C. Tussock grass D. Soft shield-fern D. Brass buttons D. Corsican mint Leptinella squalida significance and symbolism in everyday life. the sculpture garden of the Kröller-Müller. Deschampsia Polystichum Mentha requienii To embed the garden in its surroundings, cespitosa (with lawn) setiferum ‘Dahlem’ The selected plants come from different an artificial landscape of dunes was designed climates and normally grow in different using 3300 m³ of sand. soil types and conditions. For La Saison des Fêtes it was sometimes necessary to Behind the garden stands a crumbling find an alternative, adapted to the Dutch concrete sculpture, Mère Anatolica I (1975) climate. Of the selected plants, Huyghe by the French artist Parvine Curie (Nancy, has used the most ‘natural’ varieties, such 1936). The work once stood at the secondary E. Common bur sedge E. Sedge F. Great wood-rush G. Hart’s-tongue fern A as trees with a multi-stemmed or whimsical school of Pierre Huyghe in Chevreuse. It Carex grayi Carex morrowii Luzula sylvatica Asplenium G shape and single-flowered roses instead of was his first introduction to contemporary ‘Mosten’ scolopendrium double-flowered. art. For a long time abandoned to its fate, F B Mère Anatolica has now been given a new The circle of La Saison des Fêtes is loosely lease of life in relation to La Saison des Fêtes. D

divided into twelve segments, corresponding E to the twelve months of the calendar year. C The plants stand in the month in which the festival or commemoration with which G. Great wood-rush G. Siebold’s wood fern PIERRE HUYGHE they are associated takes place, but are Luzula sylvatica Dryopteris sieboldii

FESTIVALS (see other side for ground plan)

1. January / February La Saison des Fêtes includes several varieties of roses The palm Trachycarpus fortunei was selected for its La Saison des Fêtes includes the red Dianthus gratian- 17 hrs, otherwise the privilege goes to Leuven. Every 15. 12 October 18. 1-2 November Chinese New Year (Rosa species) with a wild growing, natural character. winter hardiness. The tree is the most visually dominant opolitanus and the white-flowered Dianthus deltoides year a colourful procession carries the tree through National Day, Spain Day of the Dead, Mexico Prunus mume The pink variety is a rose from the garden of Pierre plant in La Saison des Fêtes. ‘Albiflorus’. Brussels, accompanied by a brass band, giant manne- Dianthus species Tagetes tenuifolium ‘Orange Gem’ Huyghe’s mother. quins and assorted folklore groups. The Chinese New Year is celebrated from the beginning The Day of the Dead in Mexico coincides with All Saints 7. March / April 10. 1 May On 12 October, Spain commemorates the arrival of of the second and sometimes the third new moon after For his tree of joy, Pierre Huyghe chose the Fagus and All Souls. According to tradition, on 1 November 4. 17 March Easter Labour Day, France Christopher Columbus in America. In Zaragoza, this the shortest day. According to our calendar, this cele- sylvatica, a beech from the forest in the sculpture the souls of children briefly return to earth and on 2 St. Patrick’s Day, Ireland Narcissus species Convallaria majalis festival day has grown into an entire week, the ‘Fiestas bration always occurs sometime in January or February. garden. November the souls of adults. The Tagetes (marigold) Trifolium repens del Pilar’. At its climax, thousands of people dressed in The Prunus mume originates from Southern China. This At Easter, Christians celebrate the resurrection of Jesus On 1 May in France, bouquets of ‘Muguet de Mai’ (Lily grows wild in Mexico and is the traditional flower of traditional costume lay flowers at the statue of the Virgin wild plum blooms there in January on otherwise bare Patrick is Ireland’s best-known missionary. His name three days after his crucifixion. Nowadays the cele- of the valley) are sold everywhere and given to friends 13. August death. It is believed that the spirits are attracted by the Mary on the Plaza del Pilar. At the end of the hours-long branches and thus heralds the spring. The tree signifies day on 17 March, St. Patrick’s Day, is the country’s bration of the holiday is accompanied by all kinds of and lovers. This tradition dates back to King Charles IV, Ghost Festival, China fragrant smell that the plants produce. ritual, the Madonna stands atop a huge mountain of endurance and spring, as it overcomes the winter every national holiday and is celebrated everywhere. Patrick non-religious elements, such as the traditional Easter who received a bunch of Lilies of the valley as a lucky Pseudosasa japonica mostly red and white carnations. The carnation is the La Saison des Fêtes includes Tagetes tenuifolium year again. The fragrance of the blossom comes from is usually depicted with a shamrock (Trifolium repens). eggs. These are believed to originate from pre-Chris- charm on 1 May 1561. He then decided to make a similar The Ghost Festival plays an important role in the national flower of Spain. It has been revered for centuries ‘Orange Gem’, a fine-leaved Marigold with a natural the bitterness and cold, as a Chinese saying goes. According to legend he used the three-leaved sham- tian times and connect the holiday with the spring and gesture every year to all the ladies in his court on the ancestor veneration and takes place on the fourteenth there and is associated with passion and love. appearance. rock as a metaphor for the Holy Trinity. The small plant the reawakening of nature after the winter. Spring is first of May. In the twentieth century the tradition In La Saison des Fêtes the Prunus mume is replaced by and fifteenth day of the seventh month, according to grows in temperate regions all over the world. also the season of the narcissus (daffodil). became associated with Labour Day. La Saison des Fêtes includes the white Dianthus deltoides the Prunus subhirtella ‘Rosea’. This flowers in January the Chinese calendar. On this day, which for us usually 19. 11 November ‘Albiflorus’ and a Dianthus species pink. here, the same month as the Prunus mume in China. The Trifolium repens in La Saison des Fêtes comes from In La Saison des Fêtes, the Narcissus ‘Thalia’ and Lilies of the valley grow all across Europe in woodland occurs in August or September, the ghosts, including Remembrance Day Next to it stands the Prunus cerasifera ‘Nigra’, which a roadside near Otterlo. Narcissus ‘Hawera’ flower in March and April; two areas. La Saison des Fêtes includes the wild plant Con- those of deceased ancestors, rise up from the under- Centaurea species 16. 31 October flowers slightly later. Pierre Huyghe chose this Prunus for daffodils with a natural appearance. vallaria majalis and the cultivated variety Convallaria world. Sacrifices are made to the deceased and rice is Halloween On 11 November 1918, the armistice was signed that its brown leaves, as the transition from winter to spring. 5. April majalis ‘Rosea’, together with Hyacinthoides hispanica distributed at the end of the festival. Also, bamboo is Cucurbita species ended the First World War. In France, the cornflower Hanami, Japan 8. 25 April and the Hyacinthoides non-scripta, the wild bluebell, burned to drive off the ghosts again. is a symbol of the veterans, as the carnation is in the 2. January / February Prunus Anzac Day, Australia and New Zealand from the forest in the sculpture garden. Halloween probably originates from the Celts, who In La Saison des Fêtes stands Pseudosasa japonica, a Netherlands and the poppy in the Anglo-Saxon world. Vietnamese New Year Papaver species celebrated their New Year’s Eve and Harvest Festival on The Japanese cherry blossom festival, Hanami, origi- variety of bamboo with a wide, dark leaf. The bamboo Ochna integerrima 11. 24 June 31 October. They believed that on that day the ‘door’ to To extend the flowering season, La Saison des Fêtes in- nated about eight hundred years ago in the Japanese On Anzac Day, Australia and New Zealand commem- is the visually dominant element in the Jungle zone. Midsummer the underworld stood slightly open, whereby not only cludes both annual cornflowers: Centaurea cyanus and New Year in Vietnam is celebrated on the same day as court. The brief flowering period of the Sakura, as orate their fallen soldiers (the letters of Anzac are Galium verum the souls of the dead could appear, but also evil spirits. Centaurea cyanus ‘Black Boy’ and perennials: Centaurea in China and is called Têt. The Ochna integerrima is the the cherry tree is called in Japan, symbolizes both an abbreviation of Australian and New Zealand Army 14. 11 October By dressing up and wearing masks, people tried to scare montana ‘Caerulea’ and Centaurea montana ‘Jordy’. symbol of Têt. It brings good fortune and prosperity the beauty and the transience of life. Today, the news Corps). During the First World War, the troops from During the midsummer festival, mainly in Northern Streamside Day these away. The tradition of hollowing out pumpkins and blooms profusely in February with bunches of media announce the expected opening time of the both countries suffered their first heavy losses on 25 Europe, the summer solstice has been celebrated since Gleditsia triacanthos and carving faces in them during Halloween has been 20. 25 December fragrant yellow flowers. The Ochna is very suitable for blossoms and the arrival of the ‘silver world’, after April 1915. Particularly in the British Commonwealth, pre-Christian times. Originally the festival took place Streamside Day is an annual festival for just a small imported from America. Christmas growing in bonsai form. Like the Western Christmas which millions of Japanese people flock together under the poppy is the symbol of this war, because these on 24 June. On that day in Romania, the Sânziană is still part of the world: the American settlement Stream- Picea species tree, it is placed indoors and decorated. the cherry trees. bloomed so profusely on the churned up battlefields celebrated, a midsummer night festival which honours Orange, white, green and black pumpkins (Cucurbita side Knolls near the Hudson River north of New in Flanders. The seeds of the plant germinate easily in the gentle fairies. Young women adorn themselves with species) grow in La Saison des Fêtes. It is not precisely clear how the custom developed of The Ochna is not winter hardy in the Netherlands and La Saison des Fêtes includes the Japanese ornamental York. In 2003 Pierre Huyghe declared 11 October to disturbed soil; the red petals are reminiscent of the yellow bedstraw (Galium verum), dance in the fields placing an evergreen tree, these days usually a spruce is therefore replaced by Jasminum nudiflorum in La cherries Prunus serrulata ‘Accolade’ and Prunus incisa be Streamside Day and thereby gave a festival to the blood of the fallen soldiers. and sing songs. In Christian times the festival became 17. 1 November (Picea), indoors and decorating it with lights and Saison des Fêtes, the winter jasmine, which also blooms ‘The Bride’. Both were selected by Huyghe for their brand new residents of the new town, the starting connected with the birthday of Saint John the Baptist, All Saints ornaments. In any case, the Christmas tree originally in February with yellow flowers. multi-stemmed shape and flowering period. Included in La Saison des Fêtes are the wild poppy, point of a communal, self-conceived tradition. The which is also celebrated on 24 June. Chrysanthemum ‘Melanie’ had nothing to do with the Christian Christmas, the Papaver rhoeas, and the Papaver orientale ‘Allegro’, day began with the planting of the Honey Locust celebration of the birth of Jesus. Only later came the 3. 14 February 6. March / April a poppy from the Caucuses that returns every year Galium verum is planted in a sunny spot in the Hill (Gleditsia triacanthos). This was followed by speeches, All Saints is a Christian holiday that commemorates all connection with the celebration of Christmas as a cele- Valentine’s Day Palm Sunday and flowers longer than our wild poppy. Prairie zone of La Saison des Fêtes, among the grass, a parade and a large barbeque with performances by the saints and martyrs. The day precedes All Souls and bration of the return of light after the winter solstice. Rosa species Trachycarpus fortunei as it is also found in nature. singer-songwriters and other musicians. Streamside in a large part of the world All Saints is preceded by Hal- 9. 1 May Day is still celebrated every year. loween. The name Halloween derives from Hallow-e’en, In La Saison des Fêtes stand Picea abies and Picea In 496 AD Pope Gelasius I declared 14 February the On Palm Sunday, the Sunday before Easter, Christians International Labour Day 12. 9 August or All Hallows Eve (All Saints Eve). All three days are pungens ‘Hoopsii’. name day of Saint Valentine, possibly to replace a pagan celebrate Jesus’ arrival in Jerusalem. As a sign of his The Gleditsia triacanthos is native to North America. Dianthus species Maypole planting, Belgium dedicated to commemorating the dead. In France, fertility festival forbidden by the church. Centuries sovereignty, the faithful paved his way with palm The tree is also widely used in the Netherlands. It Fagus sylvatica the birthplace of Pierre Huyghe, chrysanthemums later, English emigrants introduced Valentine’s Day in branches. Hence, in the Catholic Church Palm Sunday During the Second International (Socialist Workers is a very popular tree among garden and landscape symbolize death. During All Saints, they are placed on America and the custom spread for lovers to exchange is traditionally celebrated with the blessing of palm International) in 1889, the red carnation was chosen The Maypole or ‘tree of joy’ was planted for the first designers due to its transparent crown and the fact the graves of loved ones. gifts or flowers and send cards on that day. Thus the branches. Due to the climate in more northern regions, as the symbol of the workers’ struggle, whereby the time in 1213 to celebrate a major victory of Brussels over that it is resistant to paving, thus making it a good connection with romantic love originated, with the rose these are often substituted with branches of boxwood flower became the worldwide symbol of socialism. The Leuven. Various legends are in circulation about the street tree. La Saison des Fêtes includes Chrysanthemum ‘Melanie’, as its symbol. and in Central Europe with willow. carnation is worn on 1 May, the International Labour Day. cause of the fighting. The tree must be planted before a single-flowered, natural-looking chrysanthemum. FESTIVALS (see other side for description)

1. January / February 1. January / February 2. January / February 3. 14 February 3. 14 February 3. 14 February 3. 14 February 3. 14 February 3. 14 February 3. 14 February Chinese New Year Chinese New Year Vietnamese New Year Valentine’s Day Valentine’s Day Valentine’s Day Valentine’s Day Valentine’s Day Valentine’s Day Valentine’s Day Japanese ornamental Japanese ornamental Winter jasmine Rose Rose Rose Rose Rose Rose Rose cherry cherry Jasminum nudiflorum Rosa ‘Aspirin rose’ Rosa ‘Burgundy Ice’ Rosa foetida Rosa ‘Francine Austin’ Rosa ‘Kent’ Rosa ‘Frühlingsgold’ species is unknown Prunus cerasifera Prunus subhirtella ‘Persian Yellow’ (comes from the ‘Nigra’ multi-stemmed ‘Rosea’ multi-stemmed garden of Pierre Huyghe’s mother)

2 4. 17 March 5. April 5. April 6. March / April 7. March / April 7. March / April St. Patrick’s Day, Hanami, Japan Hanami, Japan 2 Palm Sunday Easter Easter Ireland Japanese ornamental Japanese ornamental 17 2 Chinese windmill palm Daffodil Daffodil White shamrock cherry cherry 20 Trachycarpus Narcissus ‘Hawera’ Narcissus ‘Thalia’ Trifolium repens Prunus serrulata Prunus incisa fortunei ‘Accolade’ ‘The Bride’ 1 17 multi-stemmed N 17 20 3 2 20 3 19 3 8. 25 April 8. 25 April 5 8. 25 April 9. 1 May Anzac Day, Australia Anzac Day, Australia 19 1 Anzac Day, Australia International Labour and New Zealand and New Zealand 16 3 and New Zealand Day Meconopsis Giant poppy 19 Large poppy Carnation Cambrica Papaver orientale 20 5 Papaver rhoeas Dianthus ‘Allegro’ gratianopolitanus 3 16 18 16 16 15 3 5 4 18 16 15 7 4 9. 1 May 10. 1 May International Labour 14 6 Labour Day, France Day Lily of the valley Carnation 9 Convallaria majalis Dianthus deltoides 7 7

‘Albiflorus’ 4

5

13 13

7

10

8

8

13

S 13 13 8 8

10. 1 May 10. 1 May 10 11. 29 May 12. 24 June Labour Day, France Labour Day, France 13 13 Maypole planting Midsummer Lily of the valley Bluebell 10 Beech Yellow bedstraw Convallaria majalis Hyacinthoides 10 Fagus sylvatica Galium verum ‘Rosea’ hispanica

12 10

11 9

13. August 14. 11 October 15. 12 October 11 15. 12 October 16. 31 October 16. 31 October

Ghost Festival, China Streamside Day National Day, Spain 11 National Day, Spain Halloween Halloween

Arrow bamboo Honey locust Carnation Carnation Ornamental pumpkin Ornamental pumpkin

Pseudosasa japonica Gleditsia triacanthos Dianthus deltoides Dianthus species Cucurbita species Cucurbita species multi-stemmed ‘Albiflorus’ pink orange white

tree shrub

annual plant bulb plant

16. 31 October 16. 31 October 17. 1 November 18. 1-2 November 19. 11 November 19. 11 November 19. 11 November 19. 11 November 20. 25 December 20. 25 December Halloween Halloween All Saints Day of the Dead, Remembrance Day Remembrance Day Remembrance Day Remembrance Day Christmas Christmas Ornamental pumpkin Ornamental pumpkin Chrysanthemum Mexico Mountain cornflower Mountain cornflower Cornflower Cornflower Blue spruce Norway spruce Cucurbita species Cucurbita species Chrysanthemum Star marigold Centaurea montana Centaurea montana Centaurea cyanus Centaurea cyanus Picea pungens Picea abies green black ‘Melanie’ Tagetes tenuifolium ‘Caerulea’ ‘Jordy’ ‘Black Boy’ ‘Hoopsii’ ‘Orange Gem’