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BU Zero Waste Plan

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BU Zero Waste Plan 1.5M HOT-DRINK CUPS PER YEAR IS JUST THE BEGINNING Boston University Zero Waste Plan Reimagining Waste as a Resource Boston University Sustainability Boston University Sustainability Sustainability Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Background 5 Existing System 8 Challenges and Opportunities 11 ZERO WASTE INITIATIVES 12 Redesign 12 Reduce 12 Reuse 13 Recycle/Compost 14 Culture Change 14 Market Development 15 Impacts 16 Costs and Staffing 18 Timeline 19 Appendix A – Zero Waste Implementation Task Force 20 Appendix B – Stakeholder and Community Engagement 23 Appendix C – Diversion Analysis 24 Appendix D – TRUE Zero Waste Analysis 25 1 Executive Summary ZERO WASTE, allows for greater efficiency at the institutional A PARADIGM SHIFT level. Improved diversion rates result from this whole systems approach. For decades, it has been widely demon- Just like “zero accidents on the job site” and strated that the materials we make and “zero defects in production,” Zero Waste is a goal use, and how we dispose of them, have that is embraced by sustainable communities, significant environmental impacts. These businesses, and institutions. impacts range from growing landfills to Businesses, including Toyota and Sierra Nevada air pollution and water pollution, all of Brewing, are exemplars of Zero Waste practices. which have impacts on human health. With the international market for recyclables facing In the 1980s, “waste-to-energy” inciner- upheaval, especially from China’s National Sword ation seemed to be the solution, with a ban on contaminated recycling streams, many 75% reduction of volume to landfill with municipalities are also developing Zero Waste plans, only the residues from combustion need- including the City of Boston. The City’s Zero Waste Boston Plan was released in June 2019. ing to go to landfill. As it turns out, mu- Recognizing these issues, Boston University’s nicipal solid waste incineration produces 2017 Climate Action Plan established a Zero Waste 25% more greenhouse gas emissions Sustainability goal. The plan recommended using than the average coal-fired power plant the TRUE Zero Waste Certification3 framework 1 per unit of energy generated. and tools for life-cycle assessment and embodied Over 90% of what ends up in the trash carbon analyses in the near term. In response, the is potentially reusable, recyclable, or Zero Waste Implementation Task Force convened compostable.2 Knowing this, it is pos- in the fall of 2019 to develop a bold and actionable sible to rethink and redesign how our plan. The task force was comprised of key stake- materials flow through society to more holders, staff, faculty, and students. efficiently use resources. Using a more holistic systems approach results in: THE ZERO WASTE HIERARCHY OF HIGHEST AND BEST USE • Improved diversion of waste from The Zero Waste Implementation Task Force used 4 landfills, incinerators, and the envi- the Zero Waste Hierarchy of Highest and Best Use 1 Stop Trashing the in evaluating priorities for investing in new pro- Climate: ilsr.org/ ronment stop-trashing-the- grams and infrastructure. The Zero Waste Hierarchy • Avoided pollution that threatens climate/ of Highest and Best Use was curated by the Zero public health and ecosystems 2 2016 Waste Waste International Alliance in consultation with • Reduced purchasing and Characterization Zero Waste organizations around the world. The Study in Support of disposal costs Hierarchy describes a progression of initiatives to Class II Recycling Program (Saugus, • Decreased Scope 3 emissions, and support the Zero Waste system. The TRUE Zero SEMASS, Haverhill) • Enhanced community engagement Waste Rating System is organized to support the 3 Boston University and collaboration Hierarchy as well, with five of the credit categories Climate Action and many individual credits mirroring the elements Plan: bu.edu/cli- mateactionplan/ Zero Waste begins by reimagining the whole of the Hierarchy. The determination of highest and notion of “waste.” The focus of Zero Waste is to best use of materials is based primarily on an as- 4 zwia.org/zwh/ eliminate wasteful practices throughout the life sessment of the environmental impacts of different 5 Wasting and cycle of materials from the source, to usage and policies and programs, as well as consideration of Recycling in the discarding, with a focus on “upstream manage- life cycle analyses and natural principles. It recog- United States, 2000, Institute for ment” (reducing wasted materials use prior to nizes that for every ton of material burned or buried Local Self-Reliance, creation). Focusing on the redesign and imple- locally, 71 tons of material were disposed upstream page 3: ilsr.org/ wasting-and-recy- mentation of preemptive measures prior to the through mining, manufacturing, and distribution of cling-in-the-united- products or services coming onto our campuses products.5 It also recognizes that “more energy can states-2000/ 2 be saved, and global warming impacts decreased, The Zero Waste Hierarchy 7.0 by reducing waste, reusing products, recycling and composting than can be produced from burning discards or recovering landfill gases.”6 Rethink/ Redesign THE ZERO WASTE HIERARCHY INCLUDES: Reduce Rethink—Support and expand systems where product manufacturing considers the full Reuse life cycle of their product in a way that follows the Zero Waste Hierarchy and moves toward more sustainable products and processes. Producers Recycle/Compost take back their products and packaging in a sys- tem that follows the Zero Waste Hierarchy. Redesign—Design and purchase products Material Recovery from reused, recycled, sustainably harvested renewable, or nontoxic materials to be durable, Residuals Management repairable, reusable, fully recyclable or com- postable, and easily disassembled. Source: Reduce—Minimize quantity and toxicity of Unacceptable Zero Waste materials used. International Alliance Reuse—Maximize reuse of materials and products. Recycle/Compost—Support and expand sys- University, rethinking and redesigning opera- tems to keep materials in their original product loop tions and infrastructure to design waste out of and to protect the full usefulness of the materials. these systems has a positive impact on the triple Material Recovery—Maximize materials bottom line of sustainability—economy, environ- recovery from mixed discards and research ment, and society. This Zero Waste Plan consol- purposes after extensive source separation. idates the 50 initiatives recommended by the Residuals Management—Examine five working groups, and prioritizes the initiatives materials that remain and use this information to that are expected to have the greatest impact on refine the systems to rethink, reduce, reuse, and reducing waste and increasing efficiency. recycle in order to prevent further discards. Unacceptable—Do not support policies and RETHINK/REDESIGN systems that encourage the destructive disposal The adage that we can’t manage what we don’t of compostable or recyclable materials. Do not measure is as true for waste as it is for energy, support energy recovery and/or destructive if not more so. To attain the goal of Zero Waste disposal systems that are dependent upon the for the University, the plan begins by rethinking continued production of discards. and redesigning how we collect data and monitor progress through improved metrics that can then SUMMARY APPROACH be communicated in an actionable way to change This plan is built on the hard work of Facilities behavior. These recommended initiatives include Management & Operations staff, continuous developing a metrics framework for tracking per- improvements and investments made by the formance, driving behavioral change, and making University, and all the engaged students, facul- operational improvements. With better data, ty, and staff who have generated the successes analysis can support engagement and institutional in recycling, composting, reuse, and donation decision making. The plan also includes integrat- programs over the past decade. The University ing Zero Waste into the Design & Construction has increased its diversion rate from 3% in 2006 Guidelines and Project Planning & Delivery Process 6 ZWIA Zero Waste to 42% in 2019. In that same period, BU also re- Manual. Building a support network of faculty, Community Prin- duced the overall generation of materials by 9%. staff, and students will be essential to improve the ciples: zwia.org/ zero-waste-commu- While many of the Zero Waste initiatives identi- ongoing implementation of the plan. nity-principles/ fied in this plan will come with added costs to the 3 REDUCE MARKET DEVELOPMENT Implementing programs that reduce the amount Recyclable materials are marketed as interna- of waste we generate in the first place is a central tional commodities. We cannot accomplish the tenet of the plan. We will do this by reducing goals in this plan by ourselves. How the Univer- consumption on many fronts, including single-use sity influences the markets will play a role in the products, printing, food waste, packaging, paper success of this plan. This begins by collaborating towels, and coffee. By addressing the goods, ma- with our suppliers, vendors, peers, and the broad- terials, and their deliveries, we can reduce waste er community. Our levers include a sustainable and costs at the same time. purchasing program and policy, nudging the market demand for remanufactured and recycled REUSE materials, such as furniture in building renova- A shift in our perception of discarded materials
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