bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.25.313999; this version posted July 17, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Degeneracy and stability in neural circuits of neuromodulators Chandan K. Behera1, Alok Joshi1, Da-Hui Wang2,3, Trevor Sharp4 and KongFatt Wong-Lin1,* 1Intelligent Systems Research Centre, School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK 2State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 3School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 4Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK *Corresponding author: KongFatt Wong-Lin (
[email protected]) Author contributions: C.K.B. and K.W.-L. conceptualized and designed the study. C.K.B., A.J., D.-H.W. and K.W.-L. acquired the data and conducted analyses. K.W.-L. supervised the study. T.S. provided guidance on the study. C.K.B., A.J. and K.W.-L. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors interpreted the data and revised the manuscript. Competing Interest Statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Keywords: Degeneracy, computational modelling, serotonin, dopamine, reward and punishment This PDF file includes: Main Text Figures 1 to 6 Supplementary Figure and Supplementary Tables 1 to 8 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.25.313999; this version posted July 17, 2021.