DOCSLIB.ORG

Regional Media Map of Georgia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Regional Media Map of Georgia Caucasus Institute for Peace, Democracy 1 and Development Institute for War and Peace Reporting REGIONAL MEDIA MAP OF GEORGIA Financed by European Commission Project Georgia Regional Media Development and Public Accountability Tbilisi 2005 2 © Caucasus Institute for Peace, Democracy and Development, Tbilisi ISBN 99928-37-76-4 Regional Media Map of Georgia. Caucasus Institute for Peace, Democracy and Development, Tbilisi, 2005 1, Merab Alexidze, Tbilisi, Georgia, 0193 Tel. 995 32 334081, Fax 334163 Web-site: http://www.cipdd.org 3 CONTENTS Purpose of the Study and Methodology Used .............................................. 5 Samtskhe-Javakheti ................................................................................... 13 Newspaper Samkhretis Karibche (The Southern Gate) ............................. 39 Kvemo Kartli ............................................................................................ 42 Kakheti ...................................................................................................... 70 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti ........................................................................ 111 Ajara ....................................................................................................... 165 Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti ................................................... 191 Mtskheta-Mtianeti ................................................................................... 201 Shida Kartli ............................................................................................. 216 Imereti ..................................................................................................... 235 Charts Depicting the Regional Media Situation in Georgia ..................... 280 4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY AND METHODOLOGY USED In December 2003, the Caucasus Institute for Peace, Democracy and Development initiated a study of the media situation in the regions of Georgia. The purpose of the study is to draw a general picture of media development in the regions of Georgia and to identify major problems that hinder the development of the media – especially the print media – in the regions, and also to find ways to improve the work of regional media organisations. This study forms part of a project entitled Georgia Regional Media Development and Public Accountability, which is financed by the European Commission within the framework of the European Initiative for Democ- racy and Human Rights and aims to provide support to the print media in Georgia. The project is being implemented by the Institute for War and Peace Reporting (London, Great Britain) with the participation of the Caucasus Institute of Peace, Democracy and Development (Tbilisi, Geor- gia). Five print media organisations in various parts of Georgia have been selected within the framework of the project, and they are provided with support to raise their professional level, improve their organisational struc- ture and improve their technical equipment. At the same time, the project plans also include studying the media situation in the regions of Georgia, with the Caucasus Institute for Peace, Democracy and Development being responsible for implementing this task. The first stage of the study comprised 15 towns in various regions of Georgia: Akhalkalaki, Akhaltsikhe, Batumi, Bolnisi, Gori, Gurjaani, Telavi, Zugdidi, Lanchkhuti, Marneuli, Senaki, Kutaisi, Poti, Chokhatauri, and Khashuri. The small number of sites can be explained by the fact that the objective of the study at that stage was to draw a general picture that would enable the project to identify practical priorities. As the result of this stage, a first and incomplete version of the Media Map of Georgia was created. In April 2004, the Caucasus Institute started to implement the second stage of the study comprising all of Georgia’s regions,1 which resulted in 1 Studies were conducted in 10 of the 11 regions of Georgia: Samtskhe-Javakheti, Kvemo Kartli, Kakheti, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Shida Kartli, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Imereti, Samegrelo and Zemo Svaneti, Guria, Ajara. The Regional Media Map of Georgia does not reflect the media situation in Tbilisi, the Georgian capital. 5 the creation of the complete version of the Regional Media Map of Geor- gia. The findings of the study according to region will be posted on the websites of the Institute for War and Peace Reporting and the Caucasus Institute for Peace, Democracy and Development: www.iwpr.net & www.cipdd.org The conception of the Media Map has been jointly elaborated by both organizations involved in the project. Malkhaz Saldadze and George Shubitidze participated in the creation of the Media Map. General supervi- sion for preparing the report was provided by Ghia Nodia. In all cases discussed, the study is based on interviews done locally by the Caucasus Institute of Peace, Democracy and Development researchers with representatives of the media, local governments, civil organisations and societies, and also with randomly selected members of the public. In addition, an analysis of media production has also been used. MAIN FINDINGS OF THE STUDY This study is based on the findings of field research undertaken be- tween April 2004 and December 2005. During 2005, summary reports were written of the research that had been conducted, according to which the text of Regional Media Map2 of Georgia was prepared, and its structure was based on the order in which research was conducted in each region. General Picture The media space across the different regions of Georgia forms a very diverse picture. This is due to many factors: economy, geographic location and the size of the region. Moreover, there is a lot of differences between various towns within the regions themselves3 . In addition, the print media differs in its circulation and periodicity according to regions. The average circulation of newspapers ranges from 2 The first report prepared within the framework of the project Development of Regional Media in Georgia and Civil Accountability was named Media Map of Georgia. Considering that the study did not cover the media in the capital city, the group of researchers from the Caucasus Institute for Peace, Democracy and Development de- cided that the complete version of this study should be titled the Regional Media Map of Georgia. 3 A detailed discussion of these differences can be found in the relevant section for each region. 6 500 to 1,000 copies, though, sometimes circulation reaches 3,500 copies, but there are also cases when a newspaper has a circulation of only 200 copies. On average they come out once a week, but there are newspapers which are published once a fortnight or once a month. In fact, even such periodicity cannot be maintained. As for ownership, in the regional print media state-owned organisations prevail. Differences among electronic media organisations are caused by the size of their coverage areas, airtime, and the length and number of their own programmes within this airtime. Regions are rarely covered in full, though television and radio companies normally manage to broadcast in most of the region, or in the towns and neighbouring areas to where they operate. Ajara is the only region with a nation-wide broadcasting company. As for airtime, the electronic media broadcasts either for 24 or for 12-16 hours. It should be pointed out that most part of regional television and radio companies’ airtime is filled with programmes from Tbilisi-based broad- casting companies. On average, the regional electronic media’s own airtime lasts for two to five hours, which is used to broadcast news, educational- analytical and entertainment programmes, and also commercial announce- ments. Some radio stations stand out among other regional electronic media for their level of development, and are close to the standards of modern journalism. They also are members of the Radio Network of Georgia. In terms of ownership, most of the regional electronic media are private organisations. There are rare cases when the local government is one of the founders; some electronic media operate on the basis of local non-govern- mental organisations (e.g. in Samegrelo). In terms of values, the private sector media is more open to liberal principles and norms than the governmental media, though this is not the case with all of them. The main barrier for the development of the local media is the lack of efficiency. Due to a lack of technical and human resources, both the print and electronic media are unable to report on a complete spectrum of events on a timely basis (this issue is more of a problem for the print media, with its low periodicity and circulation). Hence the public gets most of its news from the central press and television. Economic Basis of the Media Economic stability is the biggest problem faced by the regional media. The advertisement market that would ensure the financial welfare of the 7 local media is underdeveloped. In bigger towns and administrative centres, though the economic infrastructure is weakly developed, the private or state sector makes some orders to local newspapers, television and radio stations, but in regional centres media organisations lack even this. It appears that independent media organisations can only survive if they are involved in unions that will bring them financial benefit: they should either participate in coalition or media development projects and programmes run by inter- national organisations, or cooperate with the local government or local political
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Electricity: 8700
    Covenant of Mayors 4 Climate & Energy Workshop on Data Solutions for Evidence- Based Policy and Stakeholder UNECE Webinar George Abulashvili COM Statistics for Georgia Signatories Population Akhaltsikhe 17,903 Lanchkhuti 31,486 Akhmeta 41,641 Mtskheta 7,800 Batumi 152,839 Ozurgeti 62,500 Bolnisi 53,590 Poti 41,465 Chokhatauri 19,001 Rustavi 125,103 Dedoplistskaro 21,221 Sagarejo 51,761 Gori 77,549 Sighnagi 29,948 Gurjaani 54,337 Tbilisi 1,108,717 Kutaisi 147,635 Telavi 38,721 Kazbegi 3,795 Tianeti 9,468 Kvareli 29,827 Zugdidi 62,511 Lagodekhi 41,678 Bagdati 29,2235 2 CNC’s ; 3 CTC’s and 3 CS’s 10 SE(C)Aps developed Georgian MDCP - Mayors Club Georgia • Analysis of barriers and drivers, Development of a National Roadmap (task 3.1.2) • Development of a Benchmark Database (task 3.1.3) • Development of a Project Pipeline (task 3.1.4) Number of Projects by Sectors 80 75 N of 70 SECAP Sectors Projects 60 Adaptation CC 0 50 EE in Buildings 12 40 Renewable energy 21 30 21 Street Lighting 75 20 12 Other (transport, …) 4 10 4 TOTAL 108 0 0 Adaptation CC EE in Buildings Renewable Street Lighting Other energy Number of municipalities implementing the projects -15; total number of CoM signatories - 24. Project Investments by Sectors, 1000 EUR 50,000 45,000 43379 40,000 Investments SECAP Sectors 000 EUR 35,000 Adaptation CC 0 30,000 EE in Buildings 8,538 25,000 Renewable energy 225 20,000 Street Lighting 1,509 15,000 Other (transport, …) 43,379 10,000 8538 TOTAL 53,651 5,000 1509 0 225 0 Adaptation CC EE in Buildings Renewable energy Street Lighting Other (transport, …) The huge figure in the “Other” sector is mainly due to the EBRD and EU E5P financing of the Tbilisi CNG bus project for 34 million euros.
    [Show full text]
  • Georgia: an Emerging Governance: Problems and Prospects
    Chapter 12 Georgia: An Emerging Governance: Problems and Prospects Dov Lynch Introduction Even if the Republic of Georgia has existed independently since 1992, it remains logical to discuss security sector governance as an emerging question. For much of the early 1990s, applying the notion of ‘security sector governance’ to a state at war and barely on its feet stretched the concept too far. The Georgian state embarked on a process of consolidation from 1995 onwards, initiated with the approval of a Constitution, and Georgia experienced thereafter several years of growth and relative political stability. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the main lines of security sector reform were formulated on paper, and limited changes were effected in the Ministry of Defence and the armed forces. However, as a whole, security sector reform remains an emerging concern in so far as most of the work remains ahead for the new Georgian leadership in terms of addressing a distorted legacy, clarifying the scope of problems and prioritising amongst them, sketching out a coherent programme and implementing it. Two points should be noted from the outset. The first concerns the security sector in Georgia, the number of the agents involved and the nature of their interaction. Many have argued that the notion of ‘security sector reform’ is useful in drawing attention away from more limited understandings of military reform. Traditional discussions of civil- military relations tended to focus on the dyadic relationship between civilian political structures and a professional military agency. By contrast, reforming the security sector entails a more complex 249 understanding of these two poles and adds new actors to the picture1.
    [Show full text]
  • Rehabilitation of the Historical Museum of Khoni Environmental
    Public Disclosure Authorized Rehabilitation of the Historical Museum of Khoni Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Screening Report Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized March 2018 Sub-Project Description The Sub-Project (SP) will be implemented in the city of Khoni. Historical Museum is located in the center of the city, on the way to Okatse Canyon, making museum attractive to foreign, as well as to domestic tourists. According to the data of the National Tourism Agency of Georgia, an average of 700,000 tourists visit Imereti annually. The foreigners comprise approximately 25% of visitors, out of which at least 70% visit the city of Khoni, Okatse Canyon and Khoni Museum, which are included in tourist route of Khoni. In order to ensure the tourist flow in the city of Khoni increases further, it is necessary to further develop tourist infrastructure, protect the museum building and provide a secure environment. The Historical Museum of Khoni is located in the touristic zone. The museum was founded in 1981 and building is renowned for its architecture and location. The museum houses a rich collection of archaeological material of excavations in Khoni municipality, from the Paleolithic age to late Feudal age, including ceramics, copper, metal exhibits of bronze age, numismatic collections (one of the largest collections of Colchic Tetri in the VI century BC (990 units in total)), ethnographic material and other artifacts. The museum has an open-air exhibition space as well. Even though the renovation of the building has been carried out, the museum is not equipped with exposition equipment, cabinets, nightstands, exhibition platforms and lighting system.
    [Show full text]
  • Practical Information
    13TH MEETING OF THE GROUP OF EXPERTS ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES (Monday 24th and Tuesday 25th June 2019) Batumi, Adjara Region, (Georgia) PRACTICAL INFORMATION 2 VENUE Address of the meeting venue: Batumi Shota Rustaveli Stage University Ninoshvili/Rustaveli str. 35/32 6010 BATUMI / Georgia WORKING LANGUAGE The working language will be English. REGISTRATION Participants are requested to return the participation form by 31st May 2019 for the attention of: Ms Véronique de Cussac Ms Mariam Sulkhanishvili Council of Europe Ministry of Environmental Protection and 67075 Strasbourg, France and Agriculture of Georgia Tel: +33 388 41 34 76 Tel: +995598390645 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 3 VISA All participants must hold a valid passport or ID to enter Georgia.Here is the list of countries whose citizens may enter Georgia without visa: Detailed information about visa requirements can be found at: https://www.geoconsul.gov.ge/en/visaInformation. If you need a visa, please visit the e-visa portal: https://www.evisa.gov.ge/GeoVisa/ TRANSPORTATION Batumi airport is the most suitable one for reaching Batumi. It is located about 8 km from the meeting venue. Taxi: The city taxi rank is located outside the arrival lounge, it will cost around 15-25 GEL (about 6-9 €) from airport to the hotel. Bus: Batumi municipal bus No10 has a fixed route: Airport-Batumi Centre. Bus stop is in front of the terminal and it takes 20 minute for a bus to get to the city centre. The travel fee is about 1 Gel.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution: EG: Bank of Jandara Lake, Bolnisi, Burs
    Subgenus Lasius Fabricius, 1804 53. L. (Lasius) alienus (Foerster, 1850) Distribution: E.G.: Bank of Jandara Lake, Bolnisi, Bursachili, Gardabani, Grakali, Gudauri, Gveleti, Igoeti, Iraga, Kasristskali, Kavtiskhevi, Kazbegi, Kazreti, Khrami gorge, Kianeti, Kitsnisi, Kojori, Kvishkheti, Lagodekhi Reserve, Larsi, Lekistskali gorge, Luri, Manglisi, Mleta, Mtskheta, Nichbisi, Pantishara, Pasanauri, Poladauri, Saguramo, Sakavre, Samshvilde, Satskhenhesi, Shavimta, Shulaveri, Sighnaghi, Taribana, Tbilisi (Mushtaidi Garden, Tbilisi Botanical Garden), Tetritskaro, Tkemlovani, Tkviavi, Udabno, Zedazeni (Ruzsky, 1905; Jijilashvili, 1964a, b, 1966, 1967b, 1968, 1974a); W.G.: Abasha, Ajishesi, Akhali Atoni, Anaklia, Anaria, Baghdati, Batumi Botanical Garden, Bichvinta Reserve, Bjineti, Chakvi, Chaladidi, Chakvistskali, Eshera, Grigoreti, Ingiri, Inkiti Lake, Kakhaberi, Khobi, Kobuleti, Kutaisi, Lidzava, Menji, Nakalakebi, Natanebi, Ochamchire, Oni, Poti, Senaki, Sokhumi, Sviri, Tsaishi, Tsalenjikha, Tsesi, Zestaponi, Zugdidi Botanical Garden (Ruzsky, 1905; Karavaiev, 1926; Jijilashvili, 1974b); S.G.: Abastumani, Akhalkalaki, Akhaltsikhe, Aspindza, Avralo, Bakuriani, Bogdanovka, Borjomi, Dmanisi, Goderdzi Pass, Gogasheni, Kariani, Khanchali Lake, Ota, Paravani Lake, Sapara, Tabatskuri, Trialeti, Tsalka, Zekari Pass (Ruzsky, 1905; Jijilashvili, 1967a, 1974a). 54. L. (Lasius) brunneus (Latreille, 1798) Distribution: E.G.: Bolnisi, Gardabani, Kianeti, Kiketi, Manglisi, Pasanauri (Ruzsky, 1905; Jijilashvili, 1968, 1974a); W.G.: Akhali Atoni, Baghdati,
    [Show full text]
  • Georgia: What Now?
    GEORGIA: WHAT NOW? 3 December 2003 Europe Report N°151 Tbilisi/Brussels TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................. 2 A. HISTORY ...............................................................................................................................2 B. GEOPOLITICS ........................................................................................................................3 1. External Players .........................................................................................................4 2. Why Georgia Matters.................................................................................................5 III. WHAT LED TO THE REVOLUTION........................................................................ 6 A. ELECTIONS – FREE AND FAIR? ..............................................................................................8 B. ELECTION DAY AND AFTER ..................................................................................................9 IV. ENSURING STATE CONTINUITY .......................................................................... 12 A. STABILITY IN THE TRANSITION PERIOD ...............................................................................12 B. THE PRO-SHEVARDNADZE
    [Show full text]
  • PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION in GEORGIA 27Th October 2013
    PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN GEORGIA 27th October 2013 European Elections monitor The candidate in office, Giorgi Margvelashvili, favourite in the Presidential Election in Georgia Corinne Deloy Translated by Helen Levy On 27th October next, 3,537,249 Georgians will be electing their president of the republic. The election is important even though the constitutional reform of 2010 deprived the Head of State of some of his powers to be benefit of the Prime Minister and Parliament (Sakartvelos Parlamenti). The President of the Republic will no longer be able to dismiss the government and convene a new Analysis cabinet without parliament’s approval. The latter will also be responsible for appointing the regional governors, which previously lay within the powers of the President of the Republic. The constitutional reform which modified the powers enjoyed by the head of State was approved by the Georgian parliament on 21st March last 135 votes in support, i.e. all of the MPs present. The outgoing President, Mikheil Saakashvili (United National Movement, ENM), in office since the election on 4th January 2004 cannot run for office again since the Constitution does not allow more than two consecutive mandates. Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia in coalition with Mikheil Saakashvili. 10 have been appointed by politi- Our Georgia-Free Democrats led by former representa- cal parties, 13 by initiative groups. 54 people registe- tive of Georgia at the UN, Irakli Alasania, the Republi- red to stand in all. can Party led by Davit Usupashvili, the National Forum The candidates are as follows: led by Kakha Shartava, the Conservative Party led by Zviad Dzidziguri and Industry will save Georgia led by – Giorgi Margvelashvili (Georgian Dream-Democratic Prime Minister Bidzina Ivanishvili has been in office Georgia), former Minister of Education and Science and since the general elections on 1st October 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Tersilochinae)
    Труды Русского энтомологического общества. С.-Петербург, 2004. Т. 75 (1): 46–63. Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society. St. Petersburg, 2004. Vol. 75 (1): 46–63. A review of the Palaearctic species of the genera Barycnemis Först., Epistathmus Först. and Spinolochus Horstm. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Tersilochinae) A.I. Khalaim Обзор палеарктических видов родов Barycnemis Först., Epistathmus Först. and Spinolochus Horstm. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Tersilochinae) А.И. Халаим Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Six new species of the genus Barycnemis are described: B. asiatica sp. n. (Eastern Kazakhstan, Russian Altai and Mongolia), B. suspecta sp. n. (Georgia), B. tarsator sp. n. (Kyrghyzstan), B. terminator sp. n. (Kyrghyzstan), B. tibetica sp. n. (Tibet) and B. tobiasi sp. n. (Buryatia and south of the Russian Far East). New data on distribution of the Palaearctic species of the genera Barycnemis Först., Epistathmus Först. and Spinolochus Horstm. are provided. A key to the Palaearctic species of the genus Barycnemis is given. Key words. Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Tersilochinae, Barycnemis, Epistathmus, Spinolochus, taxon- omy, new species, Palaearctic. Резюме. Описано шесть новых видов: Barycnemis asiatica sp. n. (Восточный Казахстан, Россий- ский Алтай и Монголия), B. suspecta sp. n. (Грузия), B. tarsator sp. n. (Киргизия), B. terminator sp. n. (Киргизия), B. tibetica sp. n. (Тибет) и B. tobiasi sp. n. (Бурятия и юг Дальнего Востока России). Представлены новые данные о распространении видов родов Barycnemis Först., Epistathmus Först. и Spinolochus Horstm. в Палеарктике. Дана определительная таблица палеарктических видов рода Barycnemis. Ключевые слова. Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Tersilochinae, Barycnemis, Epistathmus, Spinolo- chus, систематика, новые виды, Палеарктика.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Prosperity Initiative
    USAID/GEORGIA DO2: Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth October 1, 2011 – September 31, 2012 Gagra Municipal (regional) Infrastructure Development (MID) ABKHAZIA # Municipality Region Project Title Gudauta Rehabilitation of Roads 1 Mtskheta 3.852 km; 11 streets : Mtskheta- : Mtanee Rehabilitation of Roads SOKHUMI : : 1$Mestia : 2 Dushet 2.240 km; 7 streets :: : ::: Rehabilitation of Pushkin Gulripshi : 3 Gori street 0.92 km : Chazhashi B l a c k S e a :%, Rehabilitaion of Gorijvari : 4 Gori Shida Kartli road 1.45 km : Lentekhi Rehabilitation of Nationwide Projects: Ochamchire SAMEGRELO- 5 Kareli Sagholasheni-Dvani 12 km : Highway - DCA Basisbank ZEMO SVANETI RACHA-LECHKHUMI rehabilitaiosn Roads in Oni Etseri - DCA Bank Republic Lia*#*# 6 Oni 2.452 km, 5 streets *#Sachino : KVEMO SVANETI Stepantsminda - DCA Alliance Group 1$ Gali *#Mukhuri Tsageri Shatili %, Racha- *#1$ Tsalenjikha Abari Rehabilitation of Headwork Khvanchkara #0#0 Lechkhumi - DCA Crystal Obuji*#*# *#Khabume # 7 Oni of Drinking Water on Oni for Nakipu 0 Likheti 3 400 individuals - Black Sea Regional Transmission ZUGDIDI1$ *# Chkhorotsku1$*# ]^!( Oni Planning Project (Phase 2) Chitatskaro 1$!( Letsurtsume Bareuli #0 - Georgia Education Management Project (EMP) Akhalkhibula AMBROLAURI %,Tsaishi ]^!( *#Lesichine Martvili - Georgia Primary Education Project (G-Pried) MTSKHETA- Khamiskuri%, Kheta Shua*#Zana 1$ - GNEWRC Partnership Program %, Khorshi Perevi SOUTH MTIANETI Khobi *# *#Eki Khoni Tskaltubo Khresili Tkibuli#0 #0 - HICD Plus #0 ]^1$ OSSETIA 1$ 1$!( Menji *#Dzveli
    [Show full text]
  • Tour from Kutaisi Cultural & Sightseeing Tours
    Samegrelo private tour from Kutaisi Cultural & Sightseeing Tours Overview Day Trip to Martvili Canyon, Zugdidi, ethno-village Sisa Tura and Nokalakevi from Kutaisi Starts from: Kutaisi Available: All Year Driving distance: 250 km Type: Private Full day trip Duration: 10 hours The private guided day trip to Samegrelo from Kutaisi offers visiting one of the oldest kingdoms of Georgia and its former capital town Zugdidi. During the day, visit four main sites: a natural wonder of Martvili Canyon , Ethno-Village Sisa Tura, Dadiani Palace and Nokalakevi acropolis & archaeological site. Lunch will be served in a traditional Colchian Oda House. Have a fantastic day ahead! Tour details Code: KUT-PT-S01 Starts from: Kutaisi Max. Group Size: 15 Adults Duration: Full Day Prices Group size Price per adult Solo 181 € 2-3 people 103 € 4-5 people 63 € 6-7 people 56 € 8-9 people 47 € 10-15 people 43 € *Online booking deposit: 15 € 1 person from the group will be FREE of charge if 10 and more adults are traveling together Child Policy 0-1 years - Free 2-6 years - 22 € 7 years and over - Adult * Online booking deposit will be deducted from the total tour price. The balance can be paid in one of the following ways: Bank transfer - Euro/USD/GBP, any time, but not later than two weeks before the tour starts; VISA/Master card - GEL only (local currency), via POS terminal, directly with your guide at the beginning of the tour. Card service fee + 3%. Cash - GEL only, directly to the nearest TBC Bank office or TBC Bank Cash terminal no later than begging of the tour.
    [Show full text]
  • Trems of Reference for Pcr Validation
    IN.464-17 20 December 2017 Performance Evaluation Report Municipal Services Development Project and Municipal Services Development Project Phase 2 (Georgia) (Loans 2441 and 2534) The attached report is circulated at the request of the Director General, Independent Evaluation Department. For Inquiries: Walter Kolkma, Independent Evaluation Department (Ext. 4189) Ari Perdana, Independent Evaluation Department (Ext. 1891) Performance Georgia: Municipal Services Evaluation Development Project and Municipal Report Services Development Project Phase 2 Independent Evaluation Raising development impact through evaluation Performance Evaluation Report December 2017 Georgia: Municipal Services Development Project and Municipal Services Development Project Phase 2 This document is being disclosed to the public in accordance with ADB's Public Communications Policy 2011. Reference Number: PPE: GEO 2017-19 Project Numbers: 41198 and 43171 Loan Numbers: 2441-GEO(SF) and 2534-GEO(SF) Independent Evaluation: PE-803 NOTES (i) In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. (ii) For an explanation of rating descriptions used in Asian Development Bank evaluation reports, see ADB. 2006. Guidelines for Preparing Performance Evaluation Reports for Public Sector Operations. Manila Director General Marvin Taylor-Dormond, Independent Evaluation Department (IED) Deputy Director General Veronique Salze-Lozac’h, IED Director Walter Kolkma, Thematic and Country Division, IED Team leader Ari Perdana, Evaluation Specialist, IED Team members Ma. Patricia Lim, Senior Evaluation Officer, IED Jennifer Llaneta, Evaluation Assistant, IED (until October 2017) Christine Grace Marvilla, Evaluation Assistant, IED (from October 2017) The guidelines formally adopted by the Independent Evaluation Department (IED) on avoiding conflict of interest in its independent evaluations were observed in the preparation of this report. To the knowledge of IED management, there were no conflicts of interest of the persons preparing, reviewing, or approving this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Annexation of Georgia in Russian Empire
    1 George Anchabadze HISTORY OF GEORGIA SHORT SKETCH Caucasian House TBILISI 2005 2 George Anchabadze. History of Georgia. Short sketch Above-mentioned work is a research-popular sketch. There are key moments of the history of country since ancient times until the present moment. While working on the sketch the author based on the historical sources of Georgia and the research works of Georgian scientists (including himself). The work is focused on a wide circle of the readers. გიორგი ანჩაბაძე. საქართველოს ისტორია. მოკლე ნარკვევი წინამდებარე ნაშრომი წარმოადგენს საქართველოს ისტორიის სამეცნიერ-პოპულარულ ნარკვევს. მასში მოკლედაა გადმოცემული ქვეყნის ისტორიის ძირითადი მომენტები უძველესი ხანიდან ჩვენს დრომდე. ნარკვევზე მუშაობისას ავტორი ეყრდნობოდა საქართველოს ისტორიის წყაროებსა და ქართველ მეცნიერთა (მათ შორის საკუთარ) გამოკვლევებს. ნაშრომი განკუთვნილია მკითხველთა ფართო წრისათვის. ISBN99928-71-59-8 © George Anchabadze, 2005 © გიორგი ანჩაბაძე, 2005 3 Early Ancient Georgia (till the end of the IV cen. B.C.) Existence of ancient human being on Georgian territory is confirmed from the early stages of anthropogenesis. Nearby Dmanisi valley (80 km south-west of Tbilisi) the remnants of homo erectus are found, age of them is about 1,8 million years old. At present it is the oldest trace in Euro-Asia. Later on the Stone Age a man took the whole territory of Georgia. Former settlements of Ashel period (400–100 thousand years ago) are discovered as on the coast of the Black Sea as in the regions within highland Georgia. Approximately 6–7 thousands years ago people on the territory of Georgia began to use as the instruments not only the stone but the metals as well.
    [Show full text]