Urban Agriculture Project
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URBAN AGRICULTURE PROJECT Kenya Contribution to the Methodological Workshop for the Research Project held at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden, 20-22 May 2013 University of Nairobi ISO 9001:2008 1 Certified http://www.uonbi.ac.ke Urbanization Trends in Kenya (1948-2055) 90 80 70 60 53 63 50 37 45 24 30 19 40 15 30 12 5 20 4 2 31 33 34 33 32 30 Population (Millions) Population 23 27 27 10 1 1 18 22 0 8 10 13 0 5 2015 1962 1979 2025 1948 2035 2055 1999 1969 1989 2020 2045 2030 2040 2009 RURAL URBAN University of Nairobi ISO 9001:2008 2 Certified http://www.uonbi.ac.ke Population of Urban Centres in Kenya (Medium sized towns - 100,000 to 500,000) – 19 (CBS, 2010) POPN CLASS NO. URBAN NAME OF URBAN CORE-URBAN POPN PERI-URBAN TOTAL CENTRES CENTRE POPN >500,000 2 Nairobi 3,133,518 - 3,133,518 (LARGE) Mombasa 915,101 23,030 938,131 KISUMU 259,258 129,053 388,311 Nakuru 286,411 21,579 307,990 Eldoret 252,061 37,319 289,380 Ruiru 236,961 1,897 238,858 Malindi 84,150 34,115 118,265 Naivasha 91,993 77,149 169,142 Kitui 20,419 89,149 109,568 100,000-499,999 Machakos 41,917 108,124 150,041 (INTERMEDIATE) 19 THIKA 136,576 341 136,917 Mavoko 110,396 26,815 137,211 Nyeri 63,626 55,727 119,353 Vihiga 36,398 82,298 118,696 Kitale 75,782 30,405 106,187 Kericho 42,029 59,779 101,808 Kikuyu 190,208 43,023 233,231 Kangundo/Tala 13,356 205,201 218,557 Karuri 99,739 7,977 107,716 Garissa 110,383 5,934 116,317 Ngong’ 104,073 3,115 107,188 <99,999 194 (SMALL) TOTAL 215 Population 3,000,000 2,000,000 3,500,000 2,500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 500,000 0 Nairobi with >100,000 Centres Urban Mombasa Kisumu Nakuru Eldoret Ruiru Population Kikuyu Kangundo/Tala Urban Center Urban Naivasha Machakos Mavoko Thika Nyeri Vihiga Malindi Garissa Kitui Karuri Ngong’ Kitale Kericho Population 400,000 300,000 450,000 200,000 350,000 250,000 100,000 150,000 50,000 0 Intermediate Urban Centres Intermediate Kisumu Nakuru Eldoret (100,000 Ruiru Kikuyu Kangundo/Tala Naivasha - Urban Centre Urban Machakos 500,000) Mavoko Thika Nyeri Vihiga Malindi Garissa Kitui Karuri Ngong’ Kitale Kericho Location of Kisumu and Thika THIKA KISUMU CITY THIKA Approx. 40Km NE of Nairobi Rapidly growing (as is Nairobi greater region) UA present Informality present An (light) industrial town (esp. food and horticulture processing) Decline in textile industry e.g. Kenya Textile Mills THIKA – Economic Activities Agricultural processing Textile Tannery Motor vehicle assembly Bakeries Packing Industrial chemicals Service industry – educational and financial institutions KISUMU Third largest City in Kenya, founded 1901 Principal city of W. Kenya – commerce/trade, industrial, communication and admin centre Residential LU types High income areas e.g. Milimani (former European residential area) and Tom Mboya-Kibuye (former Indian residential area Low and middle income public housing areas (Municipal, Railways, Kenya Post, Kenya Power) peri-urban unplanned and slum settlements Location of Informal Settlements Nyalenda Nyamasaria Manyatta Kondele / Nyawita Obunga Bandani Usoma KISUMU UA present Collapse and re-location of industries e.g. KICOMI and Kenya Breweries Thriving educational and financial institutions Kisumu hinterland – small scale rain-fed agriculture, fishing, sugar cane farming, small-scale rice production Kisumu net importer of food – droughts alternating with floods POVERTY INCIDENCE URBAN AREA POVERTY INCIDENCE (%) Urban Rural Thika 39 35 Kisumu 67 63 (CBS, 2003) Some existing Knowledge Gaps • Characterization: Descriptive studies Gaps-mapping of the types • Livelihoods: Amounts of produce, income, social capital • Food and nutrition security (dietary consumption among farmers and non farmers, sources of the food Gaps-pillars of FNS accessibility, availability, stability, Utilization • Gender along value chain: production and marketing roles, benefits, Gaps-Drivers and gender differentiation in roles and benefits • policy briefs University of Nairobi ISO 9001:2008 15 Certified http://www.uonbi.ac.ke • Market: • Gaps-Marketing strategies, value addition and level of commercialization • Food safety along value chain: Nitrates in kale, pesticide residues in kale, heavy metals in irrigation water and manure, biological contaminants in kale from farms and markets in Nairobi Gaps-the above in intermediate cities • Policy and institutions: National urban agriculture and livestock policy, land policy • Gaps-policy development support documents like University of Nairobi ISO 9001:2008 16 Certified http://www.uonbi.ac.ke Pesticide residues in water, soil and sediments – LV Basin Gaps – inadequate data on OPs, carbamates & pyrethroids • Sources and sinks of phosphorus in LVB Profiling of soils, water and manures used in UA University of Nairobi ISO 9001:2008 17 Certified http://www.uonbi.ac.ke.