URBAN AGRICULTURE PROJECT
Kenya Contribution to the Methodological Workshop for the Research Project held at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden, 20-22 May 2013
University of Nairobi ISO 9001:2008 1 Certified http://www.uonbi.ac.ke Urbanization Trends in Kenya (1948-2055)
90 80 70 60 53 63 50 37 45 24 30 19 40 15 30 12 5 20 4 2 31 33 34 33 32 30 Population (Millions) Population 23 27 27 10 1 1 18 22 0 8 10 13
0 5
2015
1962
1979
2025
1948
2035
2055
1999
1969 1989
2020
2045
2030
2040 2009 RURAL URBAN
University of Nairobi ISO 9001:2008 2 Certified http://www.uonbi.ac.ke Population of Urban Centres in Kenya (Medium sized towns - 100,000 to 500,000) – 19 (CBS, 2010)
POPN CLASS NO. URBAN NAME OF URBAN CORE-URBAN POPN PERI-URBAN TOTAL CENTRES CENTRE POPN >500,000 2 Nairobi 3,133,518 - 3,133,518 (LARGE) Mombasa 915,101 23,030 938,131 KISUMU 259,258 129,053 388,311 Nakuru 286,411 21,579 307,990 Eldoret 252,061 37,319 289,380 Ruiru 236,961 1,897 238,858 Malindi 84,150 34,115 118,265 Naivasha 91,993 77,149 169,142 Kitui 20,419 89,149 109,568 100,000-499,999 Machakos 41,917 108,124 150,041 (INTERMEDIATE) 19 THIKA 136,576 341 136,917 Mavoko 110,396 26,815 137,211 Nyeri 63,626 55,727 119,353 Vihiga 36,398 82,298 118,696 Kitale 75,782 30,405 106,187 Kericho 42,029 59,779 101,808 Kikuyu 190,208 43,023 233,231 Kangundo/Tala 13,356 205,201 218,557 Karuri 99,739 7,977 107,716 Garissa 110,383 5,934 116,317 Ngong’ 104,073 3,115 107,188 <99,999 194 (SMALL) TOTAL 215 Urban Centres with >100,000 Population 3,500,000
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
Population 1,000,000
500,000
0
Kitui
Thika
Ruiru
Nyeri Nyeri
Kitale
Karuri Karuri
Vihiga
Kikuyu
Garissa
Nairobi
Eldoret
Ngong’
Kisumu
Nakuru Nakuru
Malindi
Kericho
Mavoko Mavoko
Naivasha
Mombasa Machakos
Kangundo/Tala Kangundo/Tala Urban Center Intermediate Urban Centres (100,000-500,000)
450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000
Population 150,000 100,000 50,000
0
Kitui
Thika
Ruiru
Nyeri Nyeri
Kitale
Karuri
Vihiga
Kikuyu
Garissa
Eldoret
Ngong’
Kisumu
Nakuru Nakuru
Malindi
Kericho
Mavoko Mavoko
Naivasha
Machakos Kangundo/Tala Kangundo/Tala Urban Centre Location of Kisumu and Thika THIKA KISUMU CITY THIKA
Approx. 40Km NE of Nairobi Rapidly growing (as is Nairobi greater region) UA present Informality present An (light) industrial town (esp. food and horticulture processing) Decline in textile industry e.g. Kenya Textile Mills THIKA – Economic Activities
Agricultural processing Textile Tannery Motor vehicle assembly Bakeries Packing Industrial chemicals Service industry – educational and financial institutions KISUMU
Third largest City in Kenya, founded 1901 Principal city of W. Kenya – commerce/trade, industrial, communication and admin centre Residential LU types High income areas e.g. Milimani (former European residential area) and Tom Mboya-Kibuye (former Indian residential area Low and middle income public housing areas (Municipal, Railways, Kenya Post, Kenya Power) peri-urban unplanned and slum settlements Location of Informal Settlements
Nyalenda Nyamasaria Manyatta Kondele / Nyawita Obunga Bandani Usoma KISUMU
UA present Collapse and re-location of industries e.g. KICOMI and Kenya Breweries Thriving educational and financial institutions Kisumu hinterland – small scale rain-fed agriculture, fishing, sugar cane farming, small-scale rice production Kisumu net importer of food – droughts alternating with floods POVERTY INCIDENCE
URBAN AREA POVERTY INCIDENCE (%)
Urban Rural
Thika 39 35
Kisumu 67 63
(CBS, 2003) Some existing Knowledge Gaps
• Characterization: Descriptive studies Gaps-mapping of the types • Livelihoods: Amounts of produce, income, social capital • Food and nutrition security (dietary consumption among farmers and non farmers, sources of the food Gaps-pillars of FNS accessibility, availability, stability, Utilization • Gender along value chain: production and marketing roles, benefits, Gaps-Drivers and gender differentiation in roles and benefits • policy briefs
University of Nairobi ISO 9001:2008 15 Certified http://www.uonbi.ac.ke • Market: • Gaps-Marketing strategies, value addition and level of commercialization • Food safety along value chain: Nitrates in kale, pesticide residues in kale, heavy metals in irrigation water and manure, biological contaminants in kale from farms and markets in Nairobi Gaps-the above in intermediate cities • Policy and institutions: National urban agriculture and livestock policy, land policy • Gaps-policy development support documents like
University of Nairobi ISO 9001:2008 16 Certified http://www.uonbi.ac.ke Pesticide residues in water, soil and sediments – LV Basin Gaps – inadequate data on OPs, carbamates & pyrethroids • Sources and sinks of phosphorus in LVB Profiling of soils, water and manures used in UA
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