URBAN AGRICULTURE PROJECT

Kenya Contribution to the Methodological Workshop for the Research Project held at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden, 20-22 May 2013

University of ISO 9001:2008 1 Certified http://www.uonbi.ac.ke Urbanization Trends in (1948-2055)

90 80 70 60 53 63 50 37 45 24 30 19 40 15 30 12 5 20 4 2 31 33 34 33 32 30 Population (Millions) Population 23 27 27 10 1 1 18 22 0 8 10 13

0 5

2015

1962

1979

2025

1948

2035

2055

1999

1969 1989

2020

2045

2030

2040 2009 RURAL URBAN

University of Nairobi ISO 9001:2008 2 Certified http://www.uonbi.ac.ke Population of Urban Centres in Kenya (Medium sized towns - 100,000 to 500,000) – 19 (CBS, 2010)

POPN CLASS NO. URBAN NAME OF URBAN CORE-URBAN POPN PERI-URBAN TOTAL CENTRES CENTRE POPN >500,000 2 Nairobi 3,133,518 - 3,133,518 (LARGE) 915,101 23,030 938,131 259,258 129,053 388,311 286,411 21,579 307,990 252,061 37,319 289,380 236,961 1,897 238,858 84,150 34,115 118,265 91,993 77,149 169,142 20,419 89,149 109,568 100,000-499,999 41,917 108,124 150,041 (INTERMEDIATE) 19 136,576 341 136,917 Mavoko 110,396 26,815 137,211 63,626 55,727 119,353 36,398 82,298 118,696 75,782 30,405 106,187 42,029 59,779 101,808 Kikuyu 190,208 43,023 233,231 /Tala 13,356 205,201 218,557 99,739 7,977 107,716 110,383 5,934 116,317 Ngong’ 104,073 3,115 107,188 <99,999 194 (SMALL) TOTAL 215 Urban Centres with >100,000 Population 3,500,000

3,000,000

2,500,000

2,000,000

1,500,000

Population 1,000,000

500,000

0

Kitui

Thika

Ruiru

Nyeri Nyeri

Kitale

Karuri Karuri

Vihiga

Kikuyu

Garissa

Nairobi

Eldoret

Ngong’

Kisumu

Nakuru Nakuru

Malindi

Kericho

Mavoko Mavoko

Naivasha

Mombasa Machakos

Kangundo/Tala Kangundo/Tala Urban Center Intermediate Urban Centres (100,000-500,000)

450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000

Population 150,000 100,000 50,000

0

Kitui

Thika

Ruiru

Nyeri Nyeri

Kitale

Karuri

Vihiga

Kikuyu

Garissa

Eldoret

Ngong’

Kisumu

Nakuru Nakuru

Malindi

Kericho

Mavoko Mavoko

Naivasha

Machakos Kangundo/Tala Kangundo/Tala Urban Centre Location of Kisumu and Thika THIKA KISUMU CITY THIKA

 Approx. 40Km NE of Nairobi  Rapidly growing (as is Nairobi greater region)  UA present  Informality present  An (light) industrial town (esp. food and horticulture processing)  Decline in textile industry e.g. Kenya Textile Mills THIKA – Economic Activities

 Agricultural processing  Textile  Tannery  Motor vehicle assembly  Bakeries  Packing  Industrial chemicals  Service industry – educational and financial institutions KISUMU

 Third largest City in Kenya, founded 1901  Principal city of W. Kenya – commerce/trade, industrial, communication and admin centre  Residential LU types  High income areas e.g. Milimani (former European residential area) and Tom Mboya-Kibuye (former Indian residential area  Low and middle income public housing areas (Municipal, Railways, Kenya Post, Kenya Power)  peri-urban unplanned and slum settlements Location of Informal Settlements

 Nyalenda  Nyamasaria  Manyatta  Kondele / Nyawita  Obunga  Bandani  Usoma KISUMU

 UA present  Collapse and re-location of industries e.g. KICOMI and Kenya Breweries  Thriving educational and financial institutions  Kisumu hinterland – small scale rain-fed agriculture, fishing, sugar cane farming, small-scale rice production  Kisumu net importer of food – droughts alternating with floods POVERTY INCIDENCE

URBAN AREA POVERTY INCIDENCE (%)

Urban Rural

Thika 39 35

Kisumu 67 63

(CBS, 2003) Some existing Knowledge Gaps

• Characterization: Descriptive studies  Gaps-mapping of the types • Livelihoods: Amounts of produce, income, social capital • Food and nutrition security (dietary consumption among farmers and non farmers, sources of the food  Gaps-pillars of FNS accessibility, availability, stability, Utilization • Gender along value chain: production and marketing roles, benefits,  Gaps-Drivers and gender differentiation in roles and benefits • policy briefs

University of Nairobi ISO 9001:2008 15 Certified http://www.uonbi.ac.ke • Market: • Gaps-Marketing strategies, value addition and level of commercialization • Food safety along value chain: Nitrates in kale, pesticide residues in kale, heavy metals in irrigation water and manure, biological contaminants in kale from farms and markets in Nairobi  Gaps-the above in intermediate cities • Policy and institutions: National urban agriculture and livestock policy, land policy • Gaps-policy development support documents like

University of Nairobi ISO 9001:2008 16 Certified http://www.uonbi.ac.ke  Pesticide residues in water, soil and sediments – LV Basin Gaps – inadequate data on OPs, carbamates & pyrethroids • Sources and sinks of phosphorus in LVB Profiling of soils, water and manures used in UA

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