DOCSLIB.ORG

Origins of Species Richness in the Indo‐Malay‐Philippine Biodiversity

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Origins of Species Richness in the Indo‐Malay‐Philippine Biodiversity Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2013) 40, 1638–1648 SYNTHESIS Origins of species richness in the Indo-Malay-Philippine biodiversity hotspot: evidence for the centre of overlap hypothesis Michelle R. Gaither* and Luiz A. Rocha California Academy of Sciences, Section of ABSTRACT Ichthyology, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA The Indo-Malay-Philippine (IMP) biodiversity hotspot, bounded by the Philip- pines, the Malay Peninsula and New Guinea, is the epicentre of marine biodi- versity. Hypotheses to explain the source of the incredible number of species found there include the centre of overlap hypothesis, which proposes that in this region the distinct faunas of the Pacific and Indian Oceans overlap. Here we review the biogeographical evidence in support of this hypothesis. We examined tropical reef fish distributions, paying particular attention to sister species pairs that overlap in the IMP hotspot. We also review phylogeographi- cal studies of wide-ranging species for evidence of lineage divergence and over- lap in the IMP region. Our synthesis shows that a pattern of isolation between the Pacific and the Indian Ocean faunas is evident across a wide range of taxa. The occurrence of sister species, with one member in each ocean, indicates that the mechanism(s) of isolation has been in effect since at least the Miocene, while phylogeographical studies indicate more recent divergences in the Pleisto- cene. Divergence in isolation followed by population expansion has led to an overlap of closely related taxa or genetic lineages in the hotspot, contributing to diversity and species richness in the region. These findings are consistent with the centre of overlap hypothesis and highlight the importance of this pro- cess in generating biodiversity within the IMP. *Correspondence: Michelle R. Gaither, Keywords California Academy of Sciences, Section Biogeography, centre of accumulation, centre of origin, coral reefs, Coral of Ichthyology, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. Triangle, IMP hotspot, marine biodiversity, phylogenetics, phylogeography, E-mail: [email protected] species distributions. Malay-Philippine biodiversity hotspot (IMP hotspot; Fig. 1). INTRODUCTION Over 2600 species of reef fishes and 600 species of corals are The region bounded by the Philippines, the Malaysian penin- found in the IMP region (Veron et al., 2009; Allen & Erd- sula, New Guinea and northern Australia has long been rec- mann, 2012). Taxonomic diversity declines with distance ognized as a biodiversity hotspot (Stehli & Wells, 1971; from the area, both latitudinally and longitudinally: a pattern Veron, 1993; Randall, 1998; Bellwood et al., 2012; Briggs & identified in corals by Stehli & Wells (1971) and since recog- Bowen, 2013). The geographical boundaries and shape of this nized across a broad array of taxa (Paulay, 1990; Veron, hotspot differ with the viewpoint of the biogeographer, and 1995; Briggs, 1999). The generality of this pattern has led there have been various names assigned to the region. The many researchers to conclude that a common mechanism Coral Triangle defined by Veron et al. (2009) extends from may be responsible for the high biodiversity in the region. the Philippines to the Solomon Islands but does not include Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the species the Coral Sea, while the Indo-Australian Archipelago defined richness in the IMP hotspot and these can be grouped into by Bellwood & Hughes (2001) is inclusive of the Coral Tri- four major categories: (1) centre of origin, (2) centre of angle but extends considerably north and south (Fig. 1; see accumulation, (3) centre of survival, and (4) centre of over- also Fig. 1C in Renema et al., 2008). Regardless of where the lap. Contemporary species distributions (and most recently exact boundaries are drawn there is wide agreement that this biogeographical modelling; Cowman & Bellwood, 2013) are region is the epicentre of marine biodiversity (Cowman & the most common line of evidence used to test these hypoth- Bellwood, 2013), and herein we refer to it as the Indo- eses, and, amidst the jockeying of competing models, some 1638 http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jbi ª 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd doi:10.1111/jbi.12126 Evidence for the centre of overlap hypothesis IMP hotspot is due in part to the overlap of distinct faunas from the Pacific and Indian Oceans (Briggs, 1974; Wood- Indo-Polynesian land, 1983). Under both the centre of accumulation and the centre of overlap hypothesis, speciation occurs in locations outside the hotspot, with subsequent dispersal into the IMP region. The difference between these two hypotheses lies in West Indian the mechanism driving divergence and the resulting distribu- Ocean tion of sister taxa. The centre of overlap hypothesis is based on the premise that the isolating mechanism is the shallow Figure 1 Map of the Indo-Pacific region showing Indo- Sunda and Sahul shelves of Indonesia, Malaysia and North- Polynesian (grey) and West Indian Ocean (blue) biogeographical ern Australia, known as the Indo-Pacific Barrier (IPB; provinces (modified from Briggs & Bowen, 2012). Boundaries Fig. 2). Under this hypothesis, the faunas of the Pacific and are drawn to outline major regions of coral reef habitat (for Indian Oceans gained distinction during historical low sea- detailed distributions visit http://www.google.com/gadgets/ level stands when dispersal was restricted between ocean directory?synd=earth&id=696770371738/). Variations in the basins. Following sea-level rise, the geographical ranges of boundaries of the west Indo-Pacific biodiversity hotspot are shown: dashed line, the Coral Triangle (Veron et al., 2009); sister taxa formerly separated by the IPB expanded and even- solid black line, the Indo-Malay-Philippine (IMP) biodiversity tually came to overlap in the IMP hotspot. Under the centre hotspot (Carpenter & Springer, 2005), which is nearly identical of accumulation hypothesis, speciation is also thought to to the East Indies Triangle (Briggs, 2003) and the Indo-Malayan occur in peripheral locations but no specific mechanism is Triangle (Donaldson, 1986); solid red line, Indo-Australian implicated; sister taxa can reside anywhere in the range, and Archipelago (Bellwood & Hughes, 2001; Renema et al., 2008). the overlap of closely related taxa at the IMP region is not For the purpose of this study we define the hotspot using the required. IMP boundary of Carpenter & Springer (2005). The arrow indicates the Cocos-Keeling Islands in the eastern Indian Ocean. The literature is replete with examples that support one hypothesis over another. Efforts to compile the evidence have have acquired vocal proponents while others receive compar- largely sought to uncover the prevailing mechanism responsi- atively little consideration. ble for the species richness of the IMP hotspot but have not First proposed by Ekman (1953), the hypothesis that has elevated any single hypothesis (Connolly et al., 2003; Mora received the most attention is that of the centre of origin. et al., 2003; Halas & Winterbottom, 2009). Emerging from Ekman (1953) and others who have followed (Briggs, 1999, decades of debate is a growing recognition that the compet- 2003) suggest that the high number of species in the IMP ing hypotheses are not mutually exclusive but in fact are hotspot is a product of an unusually high rate of speciation likely to be working in conjunction to create the species rich- in the region, with new species radiating from this centre of ness of the region (Bellwood & Hughes, 2001; Rocha et al., origin. Mechanisms invoked to explain the elevated specia- 2008; Bowen et al., 2013; Briggs & Bowen, 2013; Cowman & tion rate include the fracturing of populations as a result of Bellwood, 2013). In an effort to contribute to the growing the geological complexity of the region and eustatic sea-level understanding of the complexity of this issue we present a changes (McManus, 1985). Others have suggested that review of the evidence in support of the centre of overlap increased rates of speciation in the hotspot are driven by (C-O) hypothesis. Here, we describe the mechanism of isola- intense competition (Briggs, 2005; Bowen et al., 2013) and tion and provide evidence of the partial, and at times nearly differing selection pressures in a highly heterogeneous envi- complete, isolation of the Pacific and Indian Ocean faunas ronment (Rocha & Bowen, 2008). Several years after Ekman since at least the Miocene. proposed the centre of origin hypothesis, Ladd (1960) coun- tered with the centre of accumulation hypothesis. This model THE MECHANISM OF ISOLATION proposes speciation in peripheral locations with subsequent dispersal of novel taxa into the IMP hotspot. The long his- Woodland (1983), in his work on rabbitfishes (family Sigani- tory of the Pacific archipelagos, some of which date to the dae), noticed pairs of sister species within which one had a Cretaceous, the possibility of isolation in these peripheral distribution centred in the Pacific Ocean whilst the other’s habitats, and ocean current and wind patterns that favour was centred in the Indian Ocean, with the tails of these dispersal towards the IMP region have been suggested as ranges overlapping in the IMP region. He surmised that at mechanisms in support of this hypothesis (Ladd, 1960; Jokiel least part of the species richness in the hotspot was due to & Martinelli, 1992). Still others suggest that the habitat-rich the overlapping of distinct faunas from these two ocean IMP region is
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chelmon Rostratus (Linnaeus, 1758) Coradion Altivelis Mcculloch, 1916
    click for previous page 3258 Bony Fishes Chelmon rostratus (Linnaeus, 1758) En - Copperbanded butterflyfish. Maximum total length about 20 cm. Inhabits coral reefs at depths of 3 to 20 m. Feeds on crabs, worms, and other invertebrates; usually in pairs. Frequently exported through the aquarium trade. Distributed from the Andaman Sea eastward throughout the Indo-Malayan region, northward to southern Japan and the Great Barrier Reef. Coradion altivelis McCulloch, 1916 En - Highfin coralfish; Fr - Coradion à grande voile. Maximum total length about 15 cm. Inhabits outer reef slopes and drop-offs at depths of 3 to 15 m. Omnivorous; usually in pairs. Rarely exported through the aquarium trade. Distributed from the Andaman Sea eastward throughout the Indo-Malayan region, northward to southern Japan and the Great Barrier Reef. Perciformes: Percoidei: Chaetodontidae 3259 Coradion chrysozonus (Kuhl and van Hasselt in Cuvier, 1831) En - Orangebanded coralfish. Maximum total length about 15 cm. Inhabits outer reef slopes and drop-offs at depths of 3 to 15 m. Omnivorous; usually in pairs. Rarely exported through the aquarium trade. Distributed from the Andaman Sea eastward throughout the Indo-Malayan region, northward to southern Japan and the Great Barrier Reef. Coradion melanopus (Cuvier, 1831) En - Two-eyed coralfish. Maximum total length about 13 cm. Inhabits lagoons and coral reefs at depths of 3 to 15 m. Omnivorous; usually in pairs. Rarely exported through the aquarium trade. Distributed throughout the Indo-Malayan region eastward to Papua New Guinea. 3260 Bony Fishes Forcipiger flavissimus Jordan and McGregor, 1898 En - Forcepsfish; Fr - Chelmon à long bec. Maximum total length about 15 cm.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimates of Sponge Consumption Rates on an Indo-Pacific Reef
    Vol. 672: 123–140, 2021 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published August 19 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13786 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Estimates of sponge consumption rates on an Indo-Pacific reef Charlotte Mortimer1, Matthew Dunn2, Abdul Haris3, Jamaluddin Jompa3, James Bell1,* 1School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand 2The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington 6021, New Zealand 3Universitas Hasanuddin, Department of Marine Science, Makassar 90245, Indonesia ABSTRACT: Determining predator diets is essential for understanding the strength of top-down processes and how they cascade through food webs. This is especially important for sponges, key members of benthic communities, whose dominance has increased in recent years on some coral reefs. However, the diversity of spongivorous fishes and the sponges they consume are relatively unknown. Here, we estimated sponge consumption by spongivorous fishes in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, Indonesia. We deployed cameras to identify fish biting at the dominant reef sponge Xestospongia spp. and then used gut content analysis and fish abundance estimates to quantify sponge consumption. In total, 33 species from 10 families of reef fish were identified taking bites from Xestospongia spp.; however, the 2 most prolific sponge-grazers, Ctenochaetus binotatus and Chaetodon kleinii, had no sponge in their guts, showing that for some fish, bites on sponge surfaces are not reliable evidence of sponge consumption. Gut contents indicated that Pygoplites diacanthus was an obligate spongivore, while Pomacanthus imperator, P. xanthometo- pon, Zanclus cornutus and Siganus punctatus regularly consumed sponges. Sponge consumption by these 5 spongivores was estimated at 46.6 ± 18.3 g sponge 1000 m−2 d−1.
    [Show full text]
  • Reef Fishes of the Bird's Head Peninsula, West
    Check List 5(3): 587–628, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Reef fishes of the Bird’s Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia Gerald R. Allen 1 Mark V. Erdmann 2 1 Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum. Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Perth, Western Australia 6986. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Conservation International Indonesia Marine Program. Jl. Dr. Muwardi No. 17, Renon, Denpasar 80235 Indonesia. Abstract A checklist of shallow (to 60 m depth) reef fishes is provided for the Bird’s Head Peninsula region of West Papua, Indonesia. The area, which occupies the extreme western end of New Guinea, contains the world’s most diverse assemblage of coral reef fishes. The current checklist, which includes both historical records and recent survey results, includes 1,511 species in 451 genera and 111 families. Respective species totals for the three main coral reef areas – Raja Ampat Islands, Fakfak-Kaimana coast, and Cenderawasih Bay – are 1320, 995, and 877. In addition to its extraordinary species diversity, the region exhibits a remarkable level of endemism considering its relatively small area. A total of 26 species in 14 families are currently considered to be confined to the region. Introduction and finally a complex geologic past highlighted The region consisting of eastern Indonesia, East by shifting island arcs, oceanic plate collisions, Timor, Sabah, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and widely fluctuating sea levels (Polhemus and the Solomon Islands is the global centre of 2007). reef fish diversity (Allen 2008). Approximately 2,460 species or 60 percent of the entire reef fish The Bird’s Head Peninsula and surrounding fauna of the Indo-West Pacific inhabits this waters has attracted the attention of naturalists and region, which is commonly referred to as the scientists ever since it was first visited by Coral Triangle (CT).
    [Show full text]
  • Training Manual Series No.15/2018
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CMFRI Digital Repository DBTR-H D Indian Council of Agricultural Research Ministry of Science and Technology Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Department of Biotechnology CMFRI Training Manual Series No.15/2018 Training Manual In the frame work of the project: DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 2015-18 Training Manual In the frame work of the project: DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 2015-18 Training Manual This is a limited edition of the CMFRI Training Manual provided to participants of the “DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals” organized by the Marine Biotechnology Division of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), from 2nd February 2015 - 31st March 2018. Principal Investigator Dr. P. Vijayagopal Compiled & Edited by Dr. P. Vijayagopal Dr. Reynold Peter Assisted by Aditya Prabhakar Swetha Dhamodharan P V ISBN 978-93-82263-24-1 CMFRI Training Manual Series No.15/2018 Published by Dr A Gopalakrishnan Director, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI) Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute PB.No:1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi-682018, India. 2 Foreword Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Kochi along with CIFE, Mumbai and CIFA, Bhubaneswar within the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Department of Biotechnology of Government of India organized a series of training programs entitled “DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals”.
    [Show full text]
  • Reef Fishes of the Bird's Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia
    Check List 5(3): 587–628, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Reef fishes of the Bird’s Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia Gerald R. Allen 1 Mark V. Erdmann 2 1 Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum. Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Perth, Western Australia 6986. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Conservation International Indonesia Marine Program. Jl. Dr. Muwardi No. 17, Renon, Denpasar 80235 Indonesia. Abstract A checklist of shallow (to 60 m depth) reef fishes is provided for the Bird’s Head Peninsula region of West Papua, Indonesia. The area, which occupies the extreme western end of New Guinea, contains the world’s most diverse assemblage of coral reef fishes. The current checklist, which includes both historical records and recent survey results, includes 1,511 species in 451 genera and 111 families. Respective species totals for the three main coral reef areas – Raja Ampat Islands, Fakfak-Kaimana coast, and Cenderawasih Bay – are 1320, 995, and 877. In addition to its extraordinary species diversity, the region exhibits a remarkable level of endemism considering its relatively small area. A total of 26 species in 14 families are currently considered to be confined to the region. Introduction and finally a complex geologic past highlighted The region consisting of eastern Indonesia, East by shifting island arcs, oceanic plate collisions, Timor, Sabah, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and widely fluctuating sea levels (Polhemus and the Solomon Islands is the global centre of 2007). reef fish diversity (Allen 2008). Approximately 2,460 species or 60 percent of the entire reef fish The Bird’s Head Peninsula and surrounding fauna of the Indo-West Pacific inhabits this waters has attracted the attention of naturalists and region, which is commonly referred to as the scientists ever since it was first visited by Coral Triangle (CT).
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Fish Industry in Sri Lanka: Present Status and Future Trends
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226586204 Ornamental Fish Industry in Sri Lanka: Present Status and Future Trends Article in Aquarium Science and Conservation · December 2001 DOI: 10.1023/A:1013154407298 CITATIONS READS 23 11,281 2 authors, including: Amararatne Yakupitiyage Asian Institute of Technology 77 PUBLICATIONS 1,210 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Immunostimulant View project Working on nutritional modelling of bioflocs systems View project All content following this page was uploaded by Amararatne Yakupitiyage on 15 June 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Ornamental fish industry in Sri Lanka: present status and future trends R.G.S. WIJESEKARA1 and A. YAKUPITIYAGE2 1National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka; 2Agricultural and Aquatic System Management Program, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand Acccepted 15 May 2000 Key words: ornamental fish, exports, Sri Lanka ABSTRACT The aquarium fish industry in Sri Lanka has become a valuable foreign exchange earner during the past few years, earning Rs. 530 million in 1998. Sri Lankan ornamental fish exports for the international market include locally wild caught marine, brackish-water and freshwater species as well as captive bred freshwater fish. Presently, there are about 18 registered aquarium fish exporters and together they currently contribute approximately 1% of the world’s demand for ornamental fish. Of the freshwater fish species exported from Sri Lanka, the guppy ranks the highest (67% by number), followed by swordtails, angels, platies and various species of tetras.
    [Show full text]
  • (2): 697^06 the Zoogeographical And
    J. mar. biot. Ass. India, ld72, 14 (2): 697^06 THE ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL AND PALEOGEOGRAPHICAL PROBLEM OF THE INDIAN OCEAN AND THE RID SEA ACCORDING TO THE ICHTHYOFAUNA OF THE LITTORAL* WOLFGANG KLAUSEWITZ Natur-Museum undForschungs-Institute Senckenberg, Frankfurt a.M., Germany ABSTRACT The Red Sea is generally considered zoogeographically as an appendix of the Indian Ocean. In reality this sea has its own paleogeographic history, beginning as a bay of the Mediterranean Tethys in early Tertiary and isolated for a rather, long time during the Pleistocene. The ichthyofauna, especially the coastal fishes there can be distinguished as three dififeient groups of immigrants to the Red Sea. Thus the Red Sea fauna is different in many aspects from the fishes of the Indian Qcean and has numerous endemic species. The ichthyofauna of the East African coast is influenced by the fishes of the Red Sea. The Indian Ocean is not a homogeneous unit with a imiform ichthyofauna. The eastern part till India and the Maldives is different from the western part. As the Indo-Australian Archipelago shows also different conditions the whole Indian Ocean region has to be divided into four subregions, including the Red Sea in the west and the Indo-Australian Archipelago in the east. iNTRODUCtlON WHILE Weber and Beaufort (1911-1962) as well as Fowler (1956) as ichthyologists considered the Indian Ocean with the Indo-Australian Archipelago in the East and the Red Sea in the West more or less as a unit without any greater differentiation, this zoogeographical province shows some distinctive characters from the geogra­ phical point of view.
    [Show full text]
  • New Record of Five Butterflyfishes (Family: Chaetodontidae) from The
    International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2014; 2(1): 92-101 ISSN: 2347-5129 IJFAS 2014; 2(1): 92-101 New record of five Butterflyfishes (Family: © 2013 IJFAS www.fisheriesjournal.com Chaetodontidae) from the Lakshadweep Archipelago, Received: 14-07-2014 Accepted: 08-08-2014 Western Indian Ocean, with notes on occurrence of K.K. Idreesbabu four additional species Scientist, Coral Reef Research, Department of Science and Technology, UT of Lakshadweep K.K. Idreesbabu, N. H. Cernohorsky and S. Sureshkumar 682 555, India. N. H. Cernohorsky Abstract Research Fellow, Department of Five new records of Butterflyfishes (Family: Chaetodontidae), viz. Chaetodon andamanensis, C. Botany and Zoology, Faculty of decussatus, C. guttatissimus, C. interruptus and C. lineolatus, are reported from the atolls of Science, Masaryk University, Lakshadweep archipelago, India. The occurrence of four additional species viz. C. madagaskariensis, C. Kotlářská 2, Brno 61137, Czech triangulum, Forcipiger longirostris and Heniochus pleurotaenia were also confirmed. The extension of Republic range of these coral reef associated fishes to these underexplored reefs points towards the need for an extensive scientific survey of fish biodiversity in Lakshadweep archipelago. A check list of the S. Sureshkumar Butterflyfishes of the Lakshadweep Archipelago is also provided. Associate Professor, Department of Aquaculture and Fishery Microbiology, MES Ponnani Keywords: Arabian Sea, Chaetodontid, First record, Reef fishes, India. College, Ponnani 679 586, India 1. Introduction Lakshadweep archipelago, formerly known as the Laccadive Islands, is a Union territory of India and forms the northernmost segments of the Chagos – Maldives– Laccadive oceanic ridge. Due to its location and due to governmental restrictions it has been rather isolated from the rest of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Trophic Structure of Reef Fishes and Relationship of Corallivore Fishes with Hard Coral in Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta
    IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER • OPEN ACCESS Trophic structure of reef fishes and relationship of corallivore fishes with hard coral in Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta To cite this article: B Prabowo et al 2019 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 278 012059 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 170.106.35.76 on 24/09/2021 at 21:15 The 3rd EIW IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 278 (2019) 012059 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/278/1/012059 Trophic structure of reef fishes and relationship of corallivore fishes with hard coral in Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta B Prabowo1,2*, K Fahlevy1,2,3, N F D Putra1,2, M Rizqydiani1,2, B M K Rahman1,2, A Habibie1,2, B Subhan1,3 and H Madduppa1,3 1Department of Marine Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia 2Marine Science and Technology Student Organization (HIMITEKA-IPB), Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia 3Fisheries Diving Club, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Corallivore became one of the biotic components that relate with coral coverage. The objective of this study was to determine the trophic structure of reef fishes, as well as the relationship between corallivores and hard corals in the northern part of Kepulauan Seribu. Reef fish species and benthic coverage were assessed using underwater visual census (UVCs) and Line Intercept Transect (LIT). The results showed that there were 120 reef fish species belonging to 7 trophic groups and 19 families. Pomacentridae and Labridae are the most abundant fish families.
    [Show full text]
  • Check List of Fishes of the Gulf of Mannar Ecosystem, Tamil Nadu, India
    Available online at: www.mbai.org.in doi: 10.6024/jmbai.2016.58.1.1895-05 Check list of fishes of the Gulf of Mannar ecosystem, Tamil Nadu, India K. K. Joshi*, Miriam Paul Sreeram, P. U. Zacharia, E. M. Abdussamad, Molly Varghese, O. M. M. J. Mohammed Habeeb1, K. Jayabalan1, K. P. Kanthan1, K. Kannan1, K. M. Sreekumar, Gimy George and M. S. Varsha ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, P. B. No.1603, Kochi - 682 018, Kerala, India. 1Tuticorin Research Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tuticorin - 628 001, Tamil Nadu, India. *Correspondence e-mail: [email protected] Received: 10 Jan 2016, Accepted: 25 Jun 2016, Published: 30 Jun 2016 Original Article Abstract Introduction Gulf of Mannar Ecosystem (GOME) covers an area spread over Rameswaram and Kanyakumari for about 19000 km2 and lies between India is blessed with a vast region of coral reefs and 78°11’E and 79°15’ E longitude and 8°49’N and 9°15’N latitude. The mangroves and these regions support very rich fauna of flora 21 coral islands form a network of habitats for different kinds of fishes and constitute rich biodiversity of marine organisms. Gulf and marine organisms. Fish samples were collected during April 2005 of Mannar Ecosystem (GOME) covers an area spread over to March 2010 from different centers viz., Vembar, Tharuvaikulam, Rameswaram and Kanyakumari to about 19,000 km2. GOME Vellapatti, Therespuram, Tuticorin, Alangarathattu, Pazhaykayal, lies between 78°11’00” E and 79°15’00” E longitude and Punnakayal, Kayalpattinam, Veerapandiapattinam, Thiruchendur and 8°49’00” N and 9°15’00” N latitude.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine and Estuarine Fish Fauna of Tamil Nadu, India
    Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2018, 8(4): 231-271 Article Marine and estuarine fish fauna of Tamil Nadu, India 1,2 3 1 1 H.S. Mogalekar , J. Canciyal , D.S. Patadia , C. Sudhan 1Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India 2College of Fisheries, Dholi, Muzaffarpur - 843 121, Bihar, India 3Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata - 700 120, West Bengal, India E-mail: [email protected] Received 20 June 2018; Accepted 25 July 2018; Published 1 December 2018 Abstract Varied marine and estuarine ecosystems of Tamil Nadu endowed with diverse fish fauna. A total of 1656 fish species under two classes, 40 orders, 191 families and 683 geranra reported from marine and estuarine waters of Tamil Nadu. In the checklist, 1075 fish species were primary marine water and remaining 581 species were diadromus. In total, 128 species were reported under class Elasmobranchii (11 orders, 36 families and 70 genera) and 1528 species under class Actinopterygii (29 orders, 155 families and 613 genera). The top five order with diverse species composition were Perciformes (932 species; 56.29% of the total fauna), Tetraodontiformes (99 species), Pleuronectiforms (77 species), Clupeiformes (72 species) and Scorpaeniformes (69 species). At the family level, the Gobiidae has the greatest number of species (86 species), followed by the Carangidae (65 species), Labridae (64 species) and Serranidae (63 species). Fishery status assessment revealed existence of 1029 species worth for capture fishery, 425 species worth for aquarium fishery, 84 species worth for culture fishery, 242 species worth for sport fishery and 60 species worth for bait fishery.
    [Show full text]
  • Extension of Hope Town Wharf in Port Blair Harbour
    File No. : 11-34/2015.IA.III Government of India Ministry of Shipping Andaman Lakshadweep Harbour Works Extension of Hope Town Wharf in Port Blair Harbour Port Blair, Tehsil Port Blair, District South Andaman, Andaman & Nicobar Islands Environmental Clearance under EIA 2006 & ICRZ 2011 Notifications Additional Details Submission 11th Meeting of Expert Appraisal Committee-Infra 2 held on 24- 25th November, 2016 (Item No. 11.2.7) February 2017 EIA Consultant Environmental System Consultants & Ambiente Lab Solutions Private Limited (Accreditated by QCI-NABET for Sectors 1, 4, 9, 31, 33 - Category ‘A’ & 38 - Category ‘B’ Sl. No. 53 of QCI List-A dated 16.12.2016) Old 7, New 14, Shanmuga Naicker Street, K K Nagar, Chennai-600 078. Phone : 044-2364 3663; Fax-044-2364 2663 e-mail : [email protected] Andaman Lakshadweep Harbour Works Extension of Hope Town Wharf, Port Blair Harbour, A&N Islands Content Sl. No. Description Page No. I Covering Letter 1-2 II Application Acknowledgement for NBWL NOC 3-7 III Minutes of 11th EAC Infra-2 Meeting held on 24-25.11.2016. 8-11 Doc-1 (Ch. 3) Baseline Status during Non-Rainy Season 12-39 Doc-2 Secondary Data from ZSI, Port Blair 40-58 Mathematical Model Studies conducted by CWPRS, Pune for Identification of Doc-3 59-63 Suitable Dumping Ground for Disposal of Dredged Materials Doc-4 Measures to be taken while dumping dredge materials. 64 Details of measures to be taken to control air, water and noise pollution during Doc-5 65-66 construction of wharves and piling works.
    [Show full text]