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People in the EU: Who Are We and How Do We Live?

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People in the EU: Who Are We and How Do We Live? Statistical books People in the EU: who are we and how do we live? 2015 edition Statistical books People in the EU: who are we and how do we live? 2015 edition Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015 ISBN 978-92-79-50328-3 doi: 10.2785/406462 N° Cat: KS-04-15-567-EN-N Theme: Population and social conditions Collection: Statistical books © European Union, 2015 Reproduction of contents other than photo is authorised, provided that the source is acknowledged. Copyright for the photos: foreword © European Union; other photos © Fotolia, 2015 For reproduction or use of these photos, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder. Printed in Luxembourg PRINTED ON ELEMENTAL CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHED PAPER (ECF) Contents Contents Contents 3 Foreword 4 Abstract 6 Introduction 7 1. Demographic changes — profile of the population 21 2. Changing family life — portrait of household and family structures 43 3. Home comforts — housing conditions and housing characteristics 65 4. Native diversity — residents’ origin 87 5. Changing places — geographic mobility 113 6. An ageing society — focus on the elderly 133 7. Demographic challenges — population projections 157 Abbreviations 174 People in the EU: who are we and how do we live? 3 Foreword Foreword of Commissioner Thyssen Europe's ambition is to make sure that more than 500 million people can fully participate in society. Equipping our citizens for modern working life, providing more job and education opportunities and ensuring adequate social protection so that nobody is left behind is at the heart of EU policies. Good policy-making takes into account many different factors that impact the lives and work of individuals and families. We have to know who the people in the EU are, where they live, how they live, what their skills are and their level of mobility. We need to know more about different population groups — children, elderly, disabled, single parents, and migrants — so that we can design, adapt and improve our policies. That is why I attach great importance to this publication by Eurostat. It provides a vast amount of information that helps us understand the demographic, social and economic situation of people in the EU. It shows how diverse people are in Europe; looking at their geographical distribution, age, origin, mobility, educational background, employment, housing, as well as the changing patterns of household and family structure. This data will help us translate the 10 Juncker Commission priorities into targeted policies and concrete actions. This is about increasing employment and economic growth taking into account the education and training needs of current and future workers, improving worker mobility across Europe, removing barriers that may prevent women in particular from reaching their full potential in education and employment. This is also about managing the current migration crisis learning from the patterns of past migration from outside the EU and examples of successful social and economic integration of third country nationals. Population and housing censuses have long been an essential statistical instrument. They will continue to play a central role in gathering information on people's lives, while taking full advantage of new data sources. Providing a better understanding of the different aspects of the lives of individuals and families will help the European Commission and Member State governments in their joint efforts to create prosperity for everybody in Europe. I would like to thank Eurostat and the Member States' National Statistical Institutes for the close long- term collaboration that has made it possible to have this wealth of high quality and independent statistics. Marianne Thyssen Commissioner Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility European Commission 4 People in the EU: who are we and how do we live? Foreword Foreword of Eurostat’s Director-General This publication People in the EU: who are we and how do we live presents a detailed picture of the population, families, households and housing in the EU. The publication is based on data collected under the 2011 EU programme of population and housing censuses. For many topics, these census data are supplemented by data taken from a wide range of official social statistics that are freely available on the Eurostat website. The population and housing census offers a uniquely rich snapshot of the population, combining demographic, social and economic variables at a level of geographical detail that is often not available in other data collections. A wide range of analyses are possible, providing information on how and where people live, study, work and move. This reliable and impartial statistical information is vital for evidence-based decision-making across many important policy areas, as well as for students, researchers, administrators and the citizen generally. With this publication I hope to also encourage you to visit Eurostat’s website and in particular the on- line Census Hub, a tool designed to allow you to quickly specify and extract statistics for your particular needs. Moreover, I would invite you to interact with the infographic ‘You in the EU’, which can also be accessed through the Eurostat website. You can compare your life, your living conditions and your work with those of others in your country and in the EU. Walter Radermacher Director-General, Eurostat Chief statistician of the European Union People in the EU: who are we and how do we live? 5 Abstract Abstract People in the EU: who are we and how do we live? draws on the results of the population and housing census that was conducted across the Member States of the European Union (EU) and the countries of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 2011. In addition, the publication presents a wide range of official social statistics from Eurostat databases in order to paint a detailed picture of the population, households and housing in the EU. A number of topics are covered in this publication, ranging from an overview of the demographic situation in the EU and its Member States, to a portrait of EU households and family structures, geographic mobility in the EU or the increasing ageing of our societies. People in the EU: who are we and how do we live? concludes with a look at the future demographic challenges potentially facing the EU in the coming years. Chief Editor Mariana Kotzeva Editors Veronica Corsini, Andrea Gereöffy, Giampaolo Lanzieri, Gabriela Senchea Badea, David Thorogood, Franco Zampogna Eurostat, Unit F2 — Population Catherine Coyette, Isabelle Fiasse, Fabienne Montaigne, Helene Strandell Eurostat, Unit B4 — Dissemination Map production Jørgen Rasmussen Eurostat, Unit E4 — Regional statistics and geographical information Steering group Emanuele Baldacci, Philippe Bautier, Louise Corselli-Nordblad, Christophe Demunter, Emilio Di Meglio, Gallo Gueye, Åsa Önnerfors, Cristian Rusu, Tiny Vandewiele, Sylvie Villaume, Adam Wronski Contact details Eurostat Bâtiment Joseph Bech 5, rue Alphonse Weicker L-2721 Luxembourg LUXEMBOURG E-mail: [email protected] Production This publication was produced by Giovanni Albertone, Simon Allen, Andrew Redpath — INFORMA sàrl and William Helminger, Alain Mahieu, Carla Martins, Bruno Scuvée — CRI (Luxembourg) S.A. For more information please consult Eurostat website: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat Statistics Explained: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained Census Hub: https://ec.europa.eu/CensusHub2 Acknowledgements The editors of this publication would like to thank the Eurostat colleagues who were involved in its preparation. 6 People in the EU: who are we and how do we live? Introduction Introduction Introduction People in the EU: who are we and how do we Eurostat has data freely available on all of these live? presents a snapshot of the EU population as topics and more. Each chapter aims to provide a captured by the 2011 Census and other Eurostat comprehensive and up-to-date summary of these data sources. phenomena, helping us to understand more about how people live in today's Europe. How do people live, work and learn in the EU in the 21st century? What are the most common The core content of each chapter is a set of main family and household structures, and how are statistical findings presented alongside tables, they changing? What are housing conditions figures and occasional maps that have been like across the EU Member States? How many selected to illustrate the wide variety of statistical of us are migrants from another country? How information that is available. Links are also long have we lived here? How frequently do we provided to the relevant parts of Eurostat's website move to another region or country? What are the where further information can be found. attributes of active aging? And finally, what will the population of the EU be like as we look ahead 60 or more years? Demographic change in the EU The challenges the coming decades, as the EU’s population grows progressively older. Demographic change — together with geopolitical uncertainties, globalisation and climate change Policy responses — is recognised as one of the most significant challenges currently facing Europe. In recent With an ageing population, policy attention has decades, the structure and profile of the EU’s focused on the contribution the elderly can make population has changed considerably, due in to both economic life and civil society. An active part to: lower birth and fertility rates; changes in elderly generation has the potential to influence a patterns of family formation; shifts in the roles range of policy areas, including public finances, of men and women; greater geographic mobility; labour markets, housing, health and social care.
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