NOTICE OF MEETING LAW COMMITTEE November 5, 2020 - 4:15 PM Law Enforcement Center 525 North 6th Street Sheboygan, WI 53081 LEC-West Conference Room
*Agenda* IF YOU WOULD LIKE REMOTE ACCESS TO THE MEETING, PLEASE CALL (920) 459-3895 AT LEAST 2 HOURS PRIOR TO THE MEETING, IF POSSIBLE. PLEASE NOTE THAT MASKS ARE REQUIRED FOR IN-PERSON ATTENDANCE AND SPACE IS LIMITED TO ALLOW FOR ADEQUATE SOCIAL DISTANCING. ANY INDIVIDUAL UNABLE TO WEAR A MASK IS ENCOURAGED TO REMOTELY ACCESS THE MEETING OR WILL BE PROVIDED AN ALTERNATE MEETING LOCATION TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF OTHER ATTENDEES.
• Call to order • Pledge of Allegiance • Certification of Compliance with Open Meeting Law • Approval of Minutes • Correspondences/Communications
Ordinance Referred from County Board
• Consideration of Ordinance No. 06 - Establishing Speed Zone on: County Roads "A" and "J" (Town of Rhine), County Road "S" (Town of Scott), County Road "TT" (Town of Sheboygan Falls)
District Attorney
• Consideration of Vacant Position Request
Sheriff
• Sheriff’s Report • Consideration of Resolution No. --: Adopting Updated County Hazards Mitigation Plan • Consideration of request from Lakeland College to retain radio encryption • Consideration of repairs to Squad # 29
• Consideration of vouchers • Consideration of attendance of members at other meetings or functions • Adjourn
Posted: November 4, 2020 @ 12:45 p.m. Prepared by: Jodi LeMahieu Charlette Nennig Recording Secretary Committee Chairman
Note: persons with disabilities needing assistance to attend or participate are asked to notify Jodi LeMahieu, 459-3895, prior to the meeting so that accommodations may be arranged. A majority of the members of the County Board of Supervisors or of any of its committees may be present at this meeting to listen, observe and participate. If a majority of any such body is present, their presence constitutes a "meeting" under the Open Meeting Law as interpreted in State ex rel. Badke v. Greendale Village Board, 173 Wis. 2d 553 (1993), even though the visiting body will take no action at this meeting. SHEBOYGAN COUNTY LAW COMMITTEE MINUTES
Law Enforcement Center 525 North 6th Street Sheboygan, WI 53081 LEC-West Conference Room
September 17, 2020 Called to Order: 4:15 PM Adjourned: 4:46 PM
MEMBERS PRESENT: Chairman Charlette Nennig, Vice Chairman Gerald Jorgensen, Secretary Brian Hoffmann, Member Paul Gruber, Member Wendy Schobert
MEMBERS ABSENT: None
ALSO PRESENT: Chad Broeren, Cory Roeseler, Chris Nehring, Sarah Ruiz
Call to Order
Chairman Nennig called the meeting to order.
Pledge of Allegiance
All in attendance recited the Pledge of Allegiance.
Certification of Compliance with Open Meeting Law
The meeting notice was posted on September 15, 2020 at 2:25 p.m. in compliance with the open meeting law.
Approval of Minutes
Motion by Gruber, second by Schobert, to approve the minutes from the previous meeting. Motion carried unanimously.
Correspondences/Communications
Sheriff Roeseler informed the Committee that an administrative clerk will be retiring on October 1, 2020 and a deputy will be transferring to part-time status.
Medical Examiner
Motion by Hoffmann, second by Gruber, to approve Sheboygan County Ordinance No. _____ (2020/21) Re: Modifying Fee Schedule of Medical Examiner in Chapter 96. Motion carried unanimously.
Sheriff
Sheriff Roeseler reported on the department budget.
Motion by Jorgensen, second by Gruber, to approve the Vacant Position Request for LTE - Administrative Clerk/Secretary I. Motion carried unanimously.
Discussion was held reference overtime.
Motion by Jorgensen, second by Gruber, to approve the Budget Adjustment – moving health insurance savings to cover overtime deficit. Motion carried unanimously
Approval of Vouchers
Motion by Hoffmann, second by Schobert, to approve the vouchers. Motion carried unanimously.
Approval of Attendance at Other Meetings or Functions
Motion by Hoffmann, second by Gruber, to approve the attendance of all Law Committee members at the next Finance Committee meeting. Motion carried unanimously.
Adjournment
Motion by Gruber, second by Hoffmann, to adjourn. Motion carried unanimously.
Jodi LeMahieu Brian Hoffmann Recording Secretary Committee Secretary
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020 - 2025 DRAFT February, 2020
Prepared by: Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan Steering Committee
With Assistance by: Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission Contract # 18034-08 Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020-2025
[Insert adoption date]
Prepared by: Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan Steering Committee
With Assistance by: Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission 425 S Adams Street, Suite 201 Green Bay, Wisconsin 54301 Contract #18034-08
Sheboygan County Emergency Management Contact
Steve Steinhardt Emergency Management Coordinator 525 North 6th Street, Sheboygan, WI 53081 (920) 459-3360 [email protected]
Hazard Mitigation Plan Steering Committee
Name Organization Aaron Brault Sheboygan County Planning & Conservation Andrew Bartell City of Sheboygan GIS Bill Blashka Town of Sheboygan DPW Bob Kroeplien Sheboygan County Fire Chiefs Brett Edgerle Kohler DPW Brian Hoffmann Sheboygan County Board Carol Tsagarakis NEMAK Chad Pelishek City of Sheboygan Planning Chasong Yang Hmong Mutual Assistance Association Chris St. Pierre Sheboygan County HazMat Chuck Butler City of Sheboygan EM Dave Albright Sheboygan School District Dean Dolence American Red Cross Diane Liebenthal Sheboygan County H&HS DiAnna DuPuis Sheboygan County Sheriff's Dept Emily Stewart Sheboygan County Highway Jackie Veldman Town of Mitchell James Schwinn Town of Sheboygan Janet Duellman City of Sheboygan Planning Jason Blasiola City of Sheboygan DPW Jason Dwyer US Coast Guard Jason Liermann Sheboygan County Sheriff's Dept Jennifer Vorpagel Sheboygan County H&HS Jessica Reilly Village of Elkhart Lake Karen Pohl Town of Lima Laura Gumm Alliant Energy Mark Matthias Sheboygan County HazMat Peter Madden Plastics Engineering Ryan Sazama City of Sheboygan DPW Star Grossman Sheboygan County H&HS Steve Cobb City of Sheboygan PD Steve Steinhardt Sheboygan County EM Ted Vallis Wisconsin Public Service Tom Bahr St. Nicholas Hospital Tom Hass Aurora Sheboygan Memorial EM Jeff Agee-Aguayo Bay-Lake RPC (Project Staff)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COUNTY RESOLUTION OF ADOPTION ...... V FEMA/WEM APPROVAL LETTERS ...... VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... IX 2013 County Plan Update Summary ...... ix Significant Hazard Events of Note ...... ix CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION/PLANNING PROCESS ...... 1-1 Purpose of the Plan ...... 1-1 Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 ...... 1-1 Funding to Update the County Hazard Mitigation Plan ...... 1-1 Climate Change………………………………………………………………………………..1-2 Five Parts of the Hazard Mitigation Plan ...... 1-2 Planning Process ...... 1-2 Steering Committee ...... 1-3 Participation by Incorporated Jurisdictions in Sheboygan County ...... 1-4 Public Review Process ...... 1-6 Sheboygan County Board of Supervisors Meeting ...... 1-6 Neighboring Jurisdictions ...... 1-6 CHAPTER 2 - PLANNING AREA ...... 2-1 General Geography ...... 2-1 Demographic and Economic Profile ...... 2-1 Population ...... 2-1 Households ...... 2-3 Housing Units ...... 2-3 Employment ...... 2-6 General Development Pattern ...... 2-6 CHAPTER 3 - RISK ASSESSMENT ...... 3-1 Hazard Identification...... 3-1 Hazard Risk Assessment Survey ...... 3-1 Natural Hazards Prioritization ...... 3-3 Natural Hazard Events Historical Summary ...... 3-4 Federal Disaster Declaration History ...... 3-4
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan i
State Disaster Declaration History……………………………………………………………3-5 Other Natural Hazards Determined Not to Pose a Significant Risk ...... 3-5 Man-Made Hazard Events Historical Summary ...... 3-6 Man-Made Hazards Prioritization ...... 3-7 Other Man-Made Hazards Determined Not to Pose a Significant Risk ...... 3-7 Risk and Vulnerability Assessment ...... 3-8 Critical Facilities ...... 3-8 Hazard Profiles: Natural Hazards...... 3-9 Tornado and High Wind ...... 3-9 Winter Storm ...... 3-13 Lightning Storm and Thunderstorm ...... 3-16 Flooding ...... 3-18 Excessive Heat ...... 3-23 Dense Fog ...... 3-25 Extreme Cold ...... 3-27 Drought ...... 3-28 Wildland Fires ...... 3-31 Coastal Hazards ...... 3-33 Hazard Profiles: Man-Made Hazards ...... 3-34 Hazardous Materials ...... 3-34 Communicable Diseases ...... 3-41 Water Supply Contamination ...... 3-51 Violence ...... 3-55 Cybersecurity…………………………………………………………………………………..3-57 CHAPTER 4 - MITIGATION STRATEGY ...... 4-1 Introduction ...... 4-1 Mitigation Goals ...... 4-1 Mitigation Techniques ...... 4-2 Prevention ...... 4-2 Property Protection ...... 4-2 Natural Resource Protection ...... 4-2 Structural Projects ...... 4-3 Emergency Services ...... 4-3
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan ii
Public Information and Awareness ...... 4-3 Mitigation Action Plan ...... 4-4 Prioritization Process ...... 4-4 Cost-Benefit Review ...... 4-4 Completed Mitigation Actions ...... 4-4 Policies, Programs, and Resources for Mitigation ...... 4-17 Potential Funding Sources for Mitigation ...... 4-18 Federal Programs……………………………………………………………………………..4-18 State of Wisconsin Programs………………………………………………………………..4-20 CHAPTER 5 - PLAN MAINTENANCE AND ADOPTION PROCESS ...... 5-1 Plan Adoption Process ...... 5-1 Plan Maintenance ...... 5-1 Plan Monitoring, Evaluation, and Updating ...... 5-1 Additional Plan Review ...... 5-2 Plan Incorporation ...... 5-2 Plan Coordination ...... 5-3
LIST OF TABLES
Table 0.1: Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Summary ...... x Table 1.1: Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020-2025 Steering Committee . 1-5 Table 2.1: Geographical Size by Jurisdiction (Sheboygan County) ...... 2-1 Table 2.2: Population Change by Jurisdiction (Sheboygan County), 2000 and 2010 ..... 2-2 Table 2.3: Household and Housing Unit Data by Jurisdiction (Sheboygan County) ...... 2-5 Table 2.4: Employment (Sheboygan County), 2000 and 2010 ...... 2-6 Table 2.5: Land Use (Sheboygan County) ...... 2-7 Table 3.1: Natural Hazards Risk Assessment Ranking ...... 3-2 Table 3.2: Man-Made Hazards Risk Assessment Ranking ...... 3-2 Table 3.3: Natural Hazard Occurrences Data (Sheboygan County), 1995-2018 ...... 3-3 Table 3.4: Man-Made Hazard Occurrence Data (Sheboygan County) ...... 3-7 Table 3.5: Critical Facilities by Type (Sheboygan County) ...... 3-9 Table 3.6: Tornado Magnitude Measurement, Fujita Scale...... 3-10
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan iii
Table 3.7: Critical Facility Types within the 100-Year Floodplains ...... 3-20 Table 3.8: Hazardous Materials Occurrences in Sheboygan County, 1995-2011 ...... 3-36 Table 3.9: Communicable Diseases Occurrences (Sheboygan County), 2010-2018 .... 3-46 Table 3.10: Classes of Potential Water Contaminants ...... 3-52 Table 3.11: Public Water Supply Systems in Sheboygan County ...... 3-54 Table 4.1: County Mitigation Strategies ...... 4-5 Table 4.2: Municipal Mitigation Strategies ...... 4-12 Table C.1: Incorporated Community Plan Participation via Materials Review………….C-2 Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County ...... D-2 Table E.1: Sheboygan County Hazard Risk Assessment Matrix………………………………E-2 LIST OF MAPS
Map 2.1: Location Map ...... 2-9 Map 2.2: Sheboygan County Land Use ...... 2-11 Map 3.1: Critical Facilities ...... 3-59 Map 3.2: 100-Year Floodplain ...... 3-61 Map 3.3: Bridges within the 100-Year Floodplain……………………………………………..3-63 Map 3.4: Properties Potentially within the 100-Year Floodplain ...... 3-65 Map 3.5: Critical Facilities within the 100-Year Floodplain ...... 3-67 Map 3.6: Large Dams ...... 3-69
APPENDICES APPENDIX A – STEERING COMMITTEE SIGN-IN SHEETS ...... A-1
APPENDIX B – PUBLIC NOTICE OF OPEN HOUSE ON THE DRAFT PLAN ...... B-1
APPENDIX C – MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL COOPERATION EXERCISE ...... C-1
APPENDIX D – CRITICAL FACILITIES BY COMMUNITY ...... D-1
APPENDIX E - HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT SURVEY AVERAGE SCORES……………………..…………..E-1
APPENDIX F – COMMUNITY RESOLUTIONS OF ADOPTION ...... F-1
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan iv
COUNTY RESOLUTION OF ADOPTION
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan v
FEMA/WEM APPROVAL LETTERS
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan vi
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan vii
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan viii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2020 COUNTY PLAN UPDATE SUMMARY The Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update (2020) is an update to the Sheboygan County All Hazard Mitigation Plan approved in 2013. To aid in identifying the changes made to the 2013 plan, Table 0.1 lists the plan updates and the changes made to the identified mitigation actions.
SIGNIFICANT HAZARD EVENTS OF NOTE Since the approval of the previous plan in 2013, Sheboygan County has experienced several hazard events; however, none was significant enough to require a federal disaster declaration.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan ix
Table 0.1: Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Summary Plan Chapter Overview of Plan Update Chapter 1: Introduction Updated planning process participants and public review information. Several updates were made to the original steering committee to reflect changes in positions since the last plan was approved. The steering committee updated the prioritized order of the hazards to be addressed and added cybersecurity. Chapter 2: Planning Area Updated demographic profile information and land use information. Chapter 3: Risk Assessment All hazard profiles, occurrences, and probabilities were updated. In addition, the risk assessments were updated. Natural hazard occurrences were updated to include all from 1995 to 2018 (previous plan covered 1995 to 2011), while man-made hazards were updated to include different ranges of years depending on the hazard. Hazard probabilities were updated based on updated occurrences. Updated critical facilities and changed some category names. A risk assessment was added for cybersecurity.
Chapter 4: Mitigation Strategy Updated the mitigation action plan to account for completed projects, updated timetables and new project additions. Chapter 5: Plan Maintenance and Updated plan maintenance process and plan update schedule. Adoption Process Strategy Changes1 NATURAL HAZARDS Multiple Natural Hazards Collect "building footprints" for all structures in the County to allow for Deleted analysis of where facilities/structures are located Harden utility infrastructure to make more resistant to hail (i.e.: burying of Moved to the lightning/thunderstorm hazard telephone lines) Create a hardened emergency Completed communication facility Evaluate and quantify generator backup capacity and promote use where Added beneficial Acquire a mass notification system Added Develop a joint information plan Added Disseminate hazard information to the Added public via a mass notification system Tornado/Strong Wind Disseminate severe weather safety Deleted information to the public Anchor mobile homes and exterior attachments (such as carports and Deleted porches)
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan x
Table 0.1: Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Summary (Continued) Strategy Changes1 Winter Storms All projects Minor wording changes Flooding Complete a hydrology study of Deleted Sheboygan County Protection of existing buildings and Deleted other structures Study effects of current and future development in the approximate Deleted floodplain and any other areas that have not yet been studied Review and update evacuation procedures for persons located in the Reworded to "Review dam plans and notification procedures" hydraulic shadow of a dam Dense Fog Upkeep existing signage in areas of high Reworded to "Install signage in areas of high fog event incidences" fog event incidence Lightning/Thunderstorm Harden utility infrastructure to make more resistant to hail (i.e.: burying of Moved from All Hazards telephone lines) Coastal Hazards Map high hazard areas for coastal Deleted erosion/ landslides Continue monitoring of water quality on beaches (Lake Michigan and inland Added waters) Continue monitoring and warn the public of high waves and rip currents Added along Lake Michigan Excessive Heat and Extreme Cold Initiate an ozone awareness education effort prior to and during periods of Added excessive heat Drought All projects No changes
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan xi
Table 0.1: Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Summary (Continued) Strategy Changes1 Wildland Fires Coordinate public outreach efforts to promote such things as non-combustible Reworded to "Coordinate public outreach efforts to promote fire safe roof covering, fire safe construction, safe construction and building materials, safe burning, and the importance of burning, and the importance of clearing clearing brush and grass away from buildings" brush and grass away from buildings Develop local ordinances to require burn Reworded to "Develop county ordinance to require burn permits and permits and restriction of campfires and restriction of campfires and outdoor burning" outdoor burning Continue to promote safe, controlled Added prescribed burns Provide education of prescribed burns Added Landslides Map high hazard areas for coastal Deleted erosion/ landslides Subsidence Provide management information to Deleted residents as needed Strategy Changes1 MAN-MADE HAZARDS Hazardous Materials Incidents All projects No changes Water Supply Contamination Replace or repair equipment or accessories at municipal water supply Reworded to "Replace or repair equipment or accessories at municipal water systems if in poor condition or if supply systems if in poor condition, if inadequate, or if lead hazards become inadequate, and monitor components an issue, and monitor components periodically to assure that they are in periodically if they are in average adequate condition (e.g., electrical pumps, auxiliary generators and valves)" condition (e.g., electrical pumps, auxiliary generators, and valves) Provide water supply education and Added water supply test kits to residents Communicable Diseases Continue to review and update the Reworded to "Continue to review and update the Sheboygan County Sheboygan County medical and mass Medical and Mass Casualty and Emergency Medical Services Plans" casualty plan Continue to review and update the Sheboygan County Emergency Medical Deleted, and combined with the strategy noted immediately above Services Plan Institute an emergency vaccination program in cases of imminent epidemics Added in the county
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan xii
Table 0.1: Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Summary (Continued) Strategy Changes1 Violence Assist in the development of bomb threat policies and procedures by each school, "Bomb" changed to "active" hospital, business, and management building located in Sheboygan County Cybersecurity (New Hazard Addressed in the 2020 Plan) Develop internal policies and training regarding cyberthreats that could Added potentially impact the County Develop a public awareness campaign Added 1Due to financial or political support, a number of mitigation actions have had no changes from the 2013 plan and appear again in this plan update.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan xiii
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan xiv CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION AND PLANNING PROCESS
PURPOSE OF THE PLAN The primary focus of the Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020 - 2025 is to reevaluate the planning area’s potential exposure to hazards, and to identify appropriate mitigation strategies. Consistent with federal regulations (44 CFR Part 201.6), this plan conforms to mitigation planning requirements. Completion of this plan will assist emergency management personnel in identifying areas of risk, assess the magnitude of the risk, and develop strategies for reducing risk throughout Sheboygan County. Through the process of developing this plan, the county identified mitigation strategies related to the protection of lives and property from hazards, the protection of critical facilities, and the reduction of community and taxpayer costs associated with disaster relief and rescue efforts. Completion and approval of the plan will maintain Sheboygan County’s eligibility to apply for future FEMA disaster relief and mitigation project funds, enabling the county to implement mitigation strategies.
Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 The development and update of the Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020 - 2025 is in response to passage of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. This act was signed into law in October of 2000 to stem the losses from disasters, reduce future public and private expenditures, and speed up response and recovery from disasters. The following is a summary of the parts of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 that pertain to local governments: • Local governments are required to maintain a hazard mitigation plan in order to be eligible for funding from FEMA through the Pre-Disaster Mitigation Assistance Program and the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program. • Natural hazards are required to be addressed in the risk assessment/vulnerability analysis part of a hazard mitigation plan. Addressing man-made/technological hazards is encouraged, but not required. • Up to seven (7) percent of Hazard Mitigation Grant Program funds available to a state after a federal disaster are authorized to be used for development of state, local and tribal hazard mitigation plans. • Without a current, FEMA-approved, locally-adopted hazard mitigation plan, local governments cannot utilize funding through the Pre-Disaster Mitigation Grant Program.
Funding to Update the County Hazard Mitigation Plan In August 2018, Sheboygan County received a planning grant to develop an update to its hazard mitigation plan in the amount of $33,423 through the Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) program. Through the grant, FEMA provided 75 percent of the funds ($24,937) and the remaining 25 percent ($8,486) is the required local match.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 1-1 Sheboygan County entered into a contract (#18034-08) with the Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission to prepare the update to the hazard mitigation plan. Development of the plan began in November 2018.
Climate Change Climate change, and the impact it has to our natural hazards, will be one of the most persistent challenges for governments and for the private sector over the next several decades. Addressing the threat of climate change will require the collective efforts of everyone in order to build resiliency in our communities. Sheboygan County is identifying and implementing long-term recovery strategies that combine disaster risk and vulnerability reduction, environmental sustainability and community survivability.
Five Parts of the Hazard Mitigation Plan The Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020 - 2025 is divided into five chapters in order to address FEMA’s local mitigation plan requirements. The five chapters are as follows: • Chapter 1 – Introduction and Planning Process; • Chapter 2 – Planning Area; • Chapter 3 – Risk Assessment; • Chapter 4 – Mitigation Strategy; and • Chapter 5 – Plan Maintenance and Adoption Process.
PLANNING PROCESS Development of the Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020 - 2025 was based on planning requirements and guidance provided by FEMA and Wisconsin Emergency Management (WEM) to meet the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. The planning area for this plan encompasses all of Sheboygan County, including: the cities of Plymouth, Sheboygan and Sheboygan Falls; the villages of Adell, Cascade, Cedar Grove, Elkhart Lake, Glenbeulah, Howards Grove, Kohler, Oostburg, Random Lake and Waldo; and the towns of Greenbush, Herman, Holland, Lima, Lyndon, Mitchell, Mosel, Plymouth, Rhine, Russell, Scott, Sheboygan, Sheboygan Falls, Sherman and Wilson. Plan development was guided by a steering committee comprised of county and local officials, emergency management personnel, and organizations, over a 16-month timeframe beginning in November 2018. Planning support was provided by the Bay- Lake Regional Planning Commission. Public review and input was encouraged through an open house to present the plan goals, mitigation strategy, and mapped hazard areas. Development of the plan was structured along a five-phase planning process: Phase I: Pre-planning and review of steering committee appointments; Phase II: Reassessing risks; Phase III: Updating the mitigation action plan;
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 1-2 Phase IV: Reviewing the policies and procedures for plan implementation; and Phase V: Documenting the planning process and plan adoption.
Phase I involved initial conversations and meetings aimed at reviewing the previous steering committee appointments, reconvening the steering committee, and outlining the planning process and responsibilities of the steering committee. Phase II was comprised of a meeting with the steering committee to reassess natural hazards and potential risks to the county. Phase III involved updating the mitigation action plan to address identified risks, including removing completed tasks and adding new mitigation methods to address risks. Phase IV involved reviewing the policies that affect plan implementation and the procedures that would be followed to implement the plan. Phase V involved documenting the planning process, developing a complete draft of the plan, and plan adoption. The maps in the Planning Area and Risk Assessment chapters of the plan were developed using the Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission’s Geographic Information System (GIS), allowing greater manipulation and analysis from the use of a consistent base map. Maps included in this plan are for general planning purposes only, and are not for legal or formal survey purposes.
Steering Committee The steering committee (Table 1.1) reviewed and analyzed each section of the plan during the six (6) meetings held to develop the plan update. Copies of the sign-in sheets are included in Appendix A. The steering committee identified the following natural hazards to be addressed in this plan update (hazards are listed by order of priority). 1. Flooding (includes flash, riverine, lake, stormwater, dam failure flooding, and urban/small stream flooding); 2. Tornadoes/High Winds (includes funnel cloud, waterspout, thunderstorm winds, strong winds, and high winds); 3. Winter Storms (includes winter weather, snow, heavy snow, ice storms, freezing drizzle, freezing rain, blowing snow, glaze, and blizzards); 4. Lightning Storms and Thunderstorms (including hail and heavy rain); 5. Fog; 6. Coastal Hazards; 7. Extreme Cold (includes cold, extreme wind chill, and wind chill); 8. Drought; 9. Wildland Fires; 10. Extreme Heat (includes record warmth and excessive heat) and Landslides (tied for 10th place); and
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 1-3 12. Subsidence.
The steering committee identified the following man-made hazards to be addressed in this plan update (hazards are listed by order of priority). 1. Cybersecurity; 2. Hazardous Materials; 3. Communicable Diseases; 4. Water Supply Contamination; and 5. Violence.
Participation by Incorporated Jurisdictions in Sheboygan County Incorporated jurisdictions in Sheboygan County were encouraged to participate in the plan development process to ensure that the plan was as comprehensive as possible. Those incorporated jurisdictions involved in the planning process offered assistance in developing a county-wide critical facilities database as well as the risk assessment and mitigation strategy portions of the plan. By participating in the plan development process, incorporated communities are eligible to adopt the plan by resolution, thereby qualifying the community for funding through the FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), the Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Grant Program, and the Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Program. Through local review exercises or through participation on the Steering Committee, representatives from the cities of Plymouth, Sheboygan and Sheboygan Falls; and the villages of Adell, Cascade, Cedar Grove, Elkhart Lake, Glenbeulah, Howards Grove, Kohler, Oostburg, Random Lake and Waldo provided review and input throughout the planning process. The plan goals, hazards addressed, the mitigation strategy, and critical facilities were reviewed by the local municipalities and feedback was provided. See Appendix C for additional information on the multi-jurisdictional cooperation process and participants.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 1-4 Table 1.1: Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020-2025 Steering Committee Name Organization Aaron Brault Sheboygan County Planning & Conservation Andrew Bartell City of Sheboygan GIS Bill Blashka Town of Sheboygan DPW Bob Kroeplien Sheboygan County Fire Chiefs Brett Edgerle Kohler DPW Brian Hoffmann Sheboygan County Board Carol Tsagarakis NEMAK Chad Pelishek City of Sheboygan Planning Chasong Yang Hmong Mutual Assistance Association Chris St. Pierre Sheboygan County HazMat Chuck Butler City of Sheboygan EM Dave Albright Sheboygan School District Dean Dolence American Red Cross Diane Liebenthal Sheboygan County H&HS DiAnna DuPuis Sheboygan County Sheriff's Dept Emily Stewart Sheboygan County Highway Jackie Veldman Town of Mitchell James Schwinn Town of Sheboygan Janet Duellman City of Sheboygan Planning Jason Blasiola City of Sheboygan DPW Jason Dwyer US Coast Guard Jason Liermann Sheboygan County Sheriff's Dept Jennifer Vorpagel Sheboygan County H&HS Jessica Reilly Village of Elkhart Lake Karen Pohl Town of Lima Laura Gumm Alliant Energy Mark Matthias Sheboygan County HazMat Peter Madden Plastics Engineering Ryan Sazama City of Sheboygan DPW Star Grossman Sheboygan County H&HS Steve Cobb City of Sheboygan PD Steve Steinhardt Sheboygan County EM Ted Vallis Wisconsin Public Service Tom Bahr St. Nicholas Hospital Tom Hass Aurora Sheboygan Memorial EM Jeff Agee-Aguayo Bay-Lake RPC (Project Staff)
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 1-5 Public Review Process Opportunities for public comment during the drafting stage of the plan were held at all meetings of the steering committee, which were open to the public. No comments were provided by the public at these meetings. An open house on the draft plan was held at the Mead Public Library in Sheboygan on January 13, 2020. Copies of the draft plan were available at this meeting, along with key maps and the mitigation strategies. A copy of the public notice can be found in Appendix B, and a summary of comments received at the open house is available upon request. Four steering committee members, eight members of the public, the Sheboygan County Emergency Management Director, and Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission staff were present at this meeting. Most of the comments received from the public in attendance focused on the need to address climate change in some form in the plan. These comments were brought back to the steering committee for consideration, with the result being that climate change was addressed on page 1-2 of the plan.
Sheboygan County Board of Supervisors Meeting On ______, 2020, the Sheboygan County Board of Supervisors considered and adopted the Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020 - 2025 at a public meeting. A copy of the resolution of adoption can be found at the front of this document. Neighboring Jurisdictions A draft of the Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020 - 2025 was sent to the emergency management directors in Washington, Ozaukee, Fond du Lac, Calumet, and Manitowoc counties for their review and comment. No comments were received.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 1-6 CHAPTER 2 - PLANNING AREA
GENERAL GEOGRAPHY The planning area for the Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020 - 2025 is shown in Map 2.1. The planning area includes all of Sheboygan County. Table 2.1 indicates the geographical size of Sheboygan County, along with the geographical size of all cities, villages and towns within the county. Sheboygan County covers nearly 518 square miles of territory.
Table 2.1: Geographical Size by Jurisdiction (Sheboygan County) Size of Jurisdiction Size of Jurisdiction Jurisdiction (square miles) Jurisdiction (square miles) CITIES TOWNS City of Plym outh 5.4 Town of Greenbush 47.4 City of Sheboygan 15.9 Town of Herman 34.0 City of Sheboygan Falls 5.5 Town of Holland 40.8 Town of Lima 35.8 VILLAGES Town of Lyndon 34.2 Village of Adell 0.6 Town of Mitchell 36.1 Village of Cascade 0.8 Town of Mosel 21.1 Village of Cedar Grove 2.2 Town of Plymouth 30.4 Village of Elkhart Lake 1.3 Town of Rhine 34.6 Village of Glenbeulah 0.7 Town of Russell 24.1 Village of Howards Grove 2.2 Town of Scott 36.6 Village of Kohler 5.5 Town of Sheboygan 10.7 Village of Oostburg 2.0 Town of Sheboygan Falls 31.3 Village of Random Lake 1.8 Town of Sherman 34.1 Village of Waldo 1.0 Town of Wilson 21.7 TOTAL 517.8 square miles
Source: Sheboygan County Planning and Conservation Department, 2018.
DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROFILE
Population Table 2.2 examines the population of jurisdictions in Sheboygan County between 2000 and 2010, and indicates that 19 of the 28 cities, villages and towns in Sheboygan County experienced a population gain from 2000 to 2010. Population decreases were experienced in the City of Sheboygan, two villages (Adell and Elkhart Lake), and six towns (Greenbush, Holland, Mosel, Rhine, Russell, and Sherman) from 2000 to 2010. The likely reason for the significant population decrease in the Town of Greenbush, coupled with the significant population increase in the Town of Mitchell is due to the location of the Kettle Moraine Correctional Institute on the boundary between the two
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 2-1 towns and the institutionalized population being counted by the U.S. Census in one town or the other from one decennial census to the next.
Table 2.2: Population Change by Jurisdiction (Sheboygan County), 2000 and 2010 2000 2010 Percent Change Jurisdiction Census Census 2000 - 2010 CITIES City of Plym outh 7,781 8,445 8.5% City of Sheboygan 50,792 49,288 -3.0% City of Sheboygan Falls 6,772 7,775 14.8%
VILLAGES Village of Adell 517 516 -0.2% Village of Cascade 681 709 4.1% Village of Cedar Grove 1,887 2,113 12.0% Village of Elkhart Lake 1,021 967 -5.3% Village of Glenbeulah 378 463 22.5% Village of Howards Grove 2,792 3,188 14.2% Village of Kohler 1,926 2,120 10.1% Village of Oostburg 2,660 2,887 8.5% Village of Random Lake 1,551 1,594 2.8% Village of Waldo 450 503 11.8% TOWNS Town of Greenbush 2,619 1,534 -41.4% Town of Herman 2,044 2,151 5.2% Town of Holland 2,360 2,239 -5.1% Town of Lima 2,948 2,982 1.2% Town of Lyndon 1,463 1,542 5.4% Town of Mitchell 1,286 2,335 81.6% Town of Mosel 839 790 -5.8% Town of Plymouth 3,115 3,195 2.6% Town of Rhine 2,244 2,134 -4.9% Town of Russell 399 377 -5.5% Town of Scott 1,804 1,836 1.8% Town of Sheboygan 5,874 7,271 23.8% Town of Sheboygan Falls 1,706 1,718 0.7% Town of Sherman 1,520 1,505 -1.0% Town of Wilson 3,227 3,330 3.2% County Total 112,656 115,507 2.5% Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2000 and 2010; and Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, 2019.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 2-2 The following jurisdictions had the largest (greater than ten percent) increases in population between 2000 and 2010: 1. Town of Mitchell (81.6%); 2. Town of Sheboygan (23.8%); 3. Village of Glenbeulah (22.5%); 4. City of Sheboygan Falls (14.8%); 5. Village of Howards Grove (14.2%); 6. Village of Cedar Grove (12.0%); 7. Village of Waldo (11.8%); and 8. Village of Kohler (10.1%).
Households Table 2.3 indicates households and housing units by jurisdiction within Sheboygan County in 2000 and in 2010. Only the City of Sheboygan and the Town of Mosel saw a decrease in the number of households (-2.3 percent and -0.6 percent, respectively) from 2000 to 2010; all other local jurisdictions gained households and housing units over this decade. Overall, Sheboygan County had a 6.5 percent increase in households from 2000 to 2010. The following jurisdictions had the largest (greater than ten percent) increases in households between 2000 and 2010: 1. Town of Sheboygan (39.6%); 2. Village of Glenbeulah (26.8%); 3. City of Sheboygan Falls (26.8%); 4. Village of Howards Grove (23.6%); 5. Village of Cedar Grove (20.5%); 6. Village of Waldo (16.6%); 7. City of Plymouth (13.7%); 8. Village of Oostburg (11.3%); and 9. Town of Mitchell (10.7%). It should be noted that the number of persons per household in Sheboygan County decreased from 2.59 to 2.49 between 2000 and 2010. This is part of a trend that has been observed in the area since the mid-1990s, and is a trend that is expected to continue for many years to come.
Housing Units Table 2.3 indicates that no municipalities saw decreases in the number of housing units from 2000 to 2010. Overall, Sheboygan County had a 10.5 percent increase in housing units over this decade. The following jurisdictions had the largest (greater than ten percent) increases in housing units between 2000 and 2010: 1. Town of Sheboygan (41.4%); 2. City of Sheboygan Falls (30.3%); 3. Village of Glenbeulah (27.5%); 4. Village of Howards Grove (24.9%);
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 2-3 5. Village of Cedar Grove (21.7%); 6. Village of Waldo (20.1%); 7. City of Plymouth (19.0%); 8. Village of Elkhart Lake (17.9%); 9. Village of Oostburg (15.9%); 10. Town of Lima (12.1%); 11. Town of Mitchell (11.9%); 12. Town of Rhine (10.8%); 13. Town of Lyndon (10.0%); and 14. Village of Kohler (10.0%). The housing vacancy rate for Sheboygan County (percentage of housing units not occupied by households) was 5.2 percent in 2000, and increased to 8.6 percent in 2010.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 2-4 Table 2.3: Household and Housing Unit Data by Jurisdiction (Sheboygan County) Households Housing Units Jurisdiction 2000 2010 2000 2010 CITIES City of Plym outh 3,262 3,710 3,395 4,039 City of Sheboygan 20,779 20,308 21,762 22,339 City of Sheboygan Falls 2,745 3,480 2,826 3,681
VILLAGES Village of Adell 207 210 216 224 Village of Cascade 259 274 274 291 Village of Cedar Grove 699 842 724 881 Village of Elkhart Lake 436 457 599 706 Village of Glenbeulah 153 194 160 204 Village of Howards Grove 1,007 1,245 1,022 1,276 Village of Kohler 737 784 792 871 Village of Oostburg 980 1,091 996 1,154 Village of Random Lake 613 659 656 720 Village of Waldo 169 197 174 209
TOWNS Town of Greenbush 526 568 551 594 Town of Herman 574 611 592 646 Town of Holland 828 856 1,019 1,117 Town of Lima 1,008 1,089 1,029 1,153 Town of Lyndon 545 589 629 692 Town of Mitchell 419 464 437 489 Town of Mosel 310 308 323 328 Town of Plymouth 1,092 1,152 1,178 1,229 Town of Rhine 829 871 961 1,065 Town of Russell 140 149 149 156 Town of Scott 658 697 700 749 Town of Sheboygan 2,148 2,999 2,245 3,175 Town of Sheboygan Falls 657 706 675 736 Town of Sherman 533 566 544 597 Town of Wilson 1,235 1,314 1,323 1,445 County Total 43,548 46,390 45,951 50,766
2000 Persons per Household 2.59 2000 Housing Vacancy Rate 5.2% 2010 Persons per Household 2.49 2010 Housing Vacancy Rate 8.6% Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2000 and 2010; and Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, 2019.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 2-5 Employment Table 2.4 indicates employment in Sheboygan County (industry by occupation) in 2000 and in 2010. Table 2.4: Employment (Sheboygan County), 2000 and 2010 Number Percent Number Percent Percent Employment Category Employed Employed Employed Employed Change in 2000 in 2000 in 2010 in 2010 2000 - 2010 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and 1,158 1.9% 1,035 1.8% -10.6% mining Construction 3,290 5.5% 3,529 6.1% 7.3% Manufacturing 22,760 38.3% 19,205 33.3% -15.6% Wholesale trade 1,479 2.5% 846 1.5% -42.8% Retail trade 5,717 9.6% 5,813 10.1% 1.7% Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 1,690 2.8% 1,901 3.3% 12.5% Information 810 1.4% 372 0.6% -54.1% Finance and insurance, and real estate and 2,490 4.2% 3,160 5.5% 26.9% rental and leasing
Professional, scientific, and management, and 2,879 4.8% 3,264 5.7% 13.4% administrative and waste management services
Educational services, and health care and social 10,228 17.2% 10,584 18.4% 3.5% assistance Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and 3,844 6.5% 5,034 8.7% 31.0% accommodation and food services Other services, except public administration 1,918 3.2% 2,112 3.7% 10.1% Public administration 1,191 2.0% 820 1.4% -31.2% TOTAL 59,454 100.0% 57,675 100.0% -3.0% Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2000 and 2010; and Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, 2019.
The most important employment sectors in 2000 and 2010 were manufacturing; educational services, health care and social assistance; and retail trade. There were significant decreases in employment (move than 30 percent) from 2000 to 2010 in information; wholesale trade; and public administration. There were increases in employment (more than 25 percent) from 2000 to 2010 in arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services; and finance and insurance, and real estate, and rental and leasing. The county saw an overall employment decrease of 3.0 percent (across all sectors) between 2000 and 2010, largely due to the significant recession that started around 2008 and lasted for several months.
GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PATTERN A detailed field inventory of land uses in Sheboygan County was conducted in 2002 by the Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission. Updates was made in the two cities, two villages and six towns that constitute the Sheboygan metropolitan planning area in 2015. The updated land use information was then compiled into generalized land use categories, and is presented in Table 2.5 and in Map 2.2. The total area of Sheboygan County is nearly 331,384 acres (Table 2.5). The vast majority of the county is comprised of agricultural land (crops and pasture, 177,132
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 2-6 acres or 53.5 percent); and woodland/natural areas (nearly 112,799 acres or 34.0 percent). Residential land comprises nearly 13,614 acres or 4.1 percent. Nearly 37,110 acres or about 11.2 percent of Sheboygan County is developed. Developed land is comprised of residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, communications/ utilities, governmental/institutional, and parks and recreation related land uses. Table 2.5: Land Use (Sheboygan County) % of Total % of Total Land Use Type Developed Acres Land Land DEVELOPED Residential 13,613.8 4.1% 36.7% Transportation 10,865.4 3.3% 29.3% Parks and Recreation 5,158.6 1.6% 13.9% Industrial 2,914.7 0.9% 7.9% Commercial 1,964.7 0.6% 5.3% Governmental/Institutional 1,716.1 0.5% 4.6% Communications/Utilities 876.4 0.3% 2.4% Total Developed Acres 37,109.7 11.2% 100.0%
% of Total % of Total Land Use Type Developed Acres Land Land UNDEVELOPED Agricultural 177,132.0 53.5% 60.2% Woodlands/Natural Areas 112,798.8 34.0% 38.3% Wetlands/Water Features 4,343.1 1.3% 1.5% Total Undeveloped Acres 294,273.9 88.8% 100.0%
Total Land Area (Acres) 331,383.6 100.0% NA Source: Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, 2002, 2009 and 2015.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 2-7
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Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan Sheboygan County, WI
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2-11 CHAPTER 3: RISK ASSESSMENT
In order to more effectively evaluate potential hazard mitigation measures and develop useful strategies to address the risks associated with the identified hazards, a risk assessment has been prepared for Sheboygan County. The risk assessment identifies the hazards thought to pose the greatest risk to residents of the county, to profile the extent and severity of past hazard events that have affected the county, and to assess the vulnerability of the county to the risk of future hazard events.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Although the county could potentially be at risk from several distinct hazards, this plan focuses on addressing the hazards that pose the greatest risk to people and property in the county. Identification of the hazards to be addressed was based on a priority rank ordering of the many different natural and man-made hazards identified in the Resource Guide to All Hazards Mitigation Planning in Wisconsin (prepared by the Association of Wisconsin Regional Planning Commissions through funding provided by WEM and FEMA).
Hazard Risk Assessment Survey Members of the plan steering committee completed an update to the Risk Assessment Matrix worksheet in late April and early May of 2019. The worksheet with the average scores from the steering committee members is included in Appendix E. Each plan steering committee member was asked to assign a risk rating (1 = low, 2 = moderate, and 3 = high) to the various risk assessment criteria for each identified hazard. The total number of points for each of the hazards was then calculated. An averaged summary of the risk rating for each hazard that was rated is as follows:
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-1 Table 3.1: Natural Hazards Risk Assessment Ranking Risk Assessment Rank Natural Hazard Rating Total 1 Flooding 18 2 Tornadoes/High Winds* 17 3 Winter Storms 16 4 Lightning Storms/Thunderstorms 14 5 Fog 13 6 Coastal Hazards 12 7 Extreme Cold 12 8 Drought 11 9 Wildland Fires** 11 10 (tie) Extreme Heat 11 10 (tie) Landslide 11 12 Subsidence 10 *Emphasis was on high winds. **Emphasis on wildland fires caused by man.
Source: Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan Steering Committee, 2019; and Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, 2019.
Table 3.2: Man-Made Hazards Risk Assessment Ranking Risk Assessment Rank Man-Made Hazard Rating Total 1 Cybersecurity 14 2 Hazardous Materials* 13 3 Communicable Diseases 12 4 Water Supply Contamination 11 5 Violence 10 *Includes hazardous materials at a fixed facility, or transported via railway, roadway, waterway, pipeline or aircraft. Source: Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan Steering Committee, 2019; and Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, 2019.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-2 Table 3.3: Natural Hazard Occurrences Data (Sheboygan County), 1995-2018 Reported Reported Average Natural Hazard # of Events1 Risk2 Deaths Injuries Crop Property #/Year Damage Damage3 Tornado/Strong Wind 64 3 High 0 0 $76,200 $1,701,000 Winter Weather/Storms 139 6 Very High 0 0 $0 $75,000 Flooding 22 0.9 Low 0 0 $31,254,000 $42,078,000 Dense Fog 80 3 High 10 40 $0 ND Lightning/Thunderstorms 99 4 High 0 3 $166,000 $4,182,500 Coastal Hazards 48 9 Very High ND ND ND ND Excessive Heat 30 1 Moderate 0 3 $0 $0 Extreme Cold 28 1 Moderate 1 3 $0 $8,000 Drought 15 0.6 Low 0 0 $150,000 $0 Wildland Fires ND 0 Low ND ND ND ND Total Events 461 -- -- 11 49 $31,570,000 $46,343,500 ND = No data/Not determined 1. January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018 (24 years), with the exception of coastal hazards, which was June 1, 2014 - September 24, 2018. 2. Risk based on occurrences per year: Very High >5; High 3-4; Moderate 1-2; and Low <1 3. Does not factor in private losses for most occurrences.
Source: NOAA NCDC Storms Database, 1995 - 2018; and Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, 2019.
Natural Hazards Prioritization The plan steering committee identified the following ranked natural hazards to be the focus of the plan assessment and mitigation action strategies. Ranking the potential risks associated with each natural hazard helped the steering committee prioritize the mitigation action strategies that are addressed later in the plan. The following natural hazards combined more than one listing from the NCDC data for consistency (the additional listings are provided in parentheses). The hazards are listed in order of their prioritized ranking. 1. Flooding (includes flash, riverine, lake, stormwater, dam failure flooding, and urban/small stream flooding); 2. Tornadoes/High Winds (includes funnel cloud, waterspout, thunderstorm winds, strong winds, and high winds); 3. Winter Storms (includes winter weather, snow, heavy snow, ice storms, freezing drizzle, freezing rain, blowing snow, glaze, and blizzards); 4. Lightning Storms and Thunderstorms (includes hail and heavy rain); 5. Fog; 6. Coastal Hazards; 7. Extreme Cold (includes cold, extreme wind chill, and wind chill); 8. Drought; 9. Wildland Fires; 10. Extreme Heat (includes record warmth and excessive heat) and Landslides (tied for 10th place); and
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-3 12. Subsidence.
Natural Hazard Events Historical Summary Statistics on past hazard occurrences assisted the steering committee in ranking the natural hazards to be evaluated in the plan. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) publishes National Weather Service (NWS) data describing past weather events and the resulting deaths, injuries, and damages associated with each of these events. Event occurrence information is available at a local, county, or regional level – depending on the area covered by the hazard event. Historical hazard events were generally evaluated from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2018, but coastal hazards were evaluated for the shorter time period of June 1, 2014, through September 24, 2018. The query for that time period resulted in 461 events recorded (Table 3.3). The data from the NCDC shows that of the 461 events, the most prominent natural hazard events in Sheboygan County (for the last 24 years) have been winter weather and storms (139 events), lightning and thunderstorms (99 events), dense fog (80 events), and tornadoes and strong winds (64 events). Other events occurring fewer than 40 times in the county in the last 24 years include: excessive heat (30 events), extreme cold (28 events), flooding (22 events), and drought (15 events). Some of these hazard events were recorded for a larger regional area, or statewide. In addition, some of the common hazard events, such as lightning and thunderstorms, may only get recorded by the NCDC if they are extreme events that cause property damage, injury, or death. It is also estimated that there have been 48 coastal hazards over a more recent period (June 1, 2014, through September 24, 2018), while the number of wildland fire events has not been determined. Some 11 deaths and 49 injuries were reported in Sheboygan County from natural hazard events in the last 24 years. Ten of those deaths and 40 of the injuries resulted from a dense fog event in October 2002 that caused a large multi-vehicle crash on Interstate Highway 43 in the Town of Holland. One other death and three injuries were due to extreme cold events, with three additional injuries due to lightning and thunderstorms, and with three other injuries due to excessive heat. The most costly natural hazard in terms of property damage since 1995 has been flooding, which has resulted in over $73 million in property damage (including crop damages). Other natural hazards in which over $1 million in property and crop damage have occurred include tornadoes and strong wind, as well as lightning and thunderstorms. Hazards that had smaller amounts of property and crop damage include winter weather and storms, extreme cold, and drought.
Federal Disaster Declaration History There have been 25 major (federal) disaster or emergency declarations issued for Wisconsin since 2000. Sheboygan County was included in four of the declarations. On August 12, 1998, Sheboygan County was included in a major disaster declaration that was issued because of severe storms and flooding that occurred from August 5 – 7, 1998, and affected mostly five counties in Wisconsin (DR-1238).
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-4 On January 24, 2001, Sheboygan County was included in a “state of emergency” declaration “based on emergency measures performed to save lives and protect public health and safety resulting from record or near record snow from December 11 – 30, 2000.” Some 14 Wisconsin counties were included in this declaration (EM-3163). On June 18, 2004, Sheboygan County was included in a major disaster declaration that was issued as a result of severe storms and flooding that began on May 19, 2004. Sheboygan County qualified for individual assistance, but did not qualify for public assistance under this declaration. Some 44 Wisconsin counties were included in this declaration (DR-1526). On June 14, 2008, Sheboygan County was included in a major disaster declaration that was issued because of property damage resulting from severe storms, tornadoes and flooding that occurred in June 2008, and affected 31 counties across the southern half of Wisconsin (DR-1768).
State Disaster Declaration History There have been a total of 26 “state of emergency” (disaster) declarations issued wholly or partially for Sheboygan County (including statewide declarations) from January 1, 1995, through July 3, 2019. In Wisconsin, these declarations are made by the Governor via Executive Orders. Of these declarations, seven involved winter storms, seven involved drought (most of these were statewide declarations), five involved severe weather leading to flooding, four involved wildfires (all of these were statewide declarations), and one involved thunderstorms and high winds. In addition, two declarations were for man-made hazards, with one of these taking place in the aftermath of September 11, 2001, and with the other taking place due to an H1N1 influenza outbreak. It should be noted that several declarations involved subsequent Executive Orders that were used to respond to the original declared disaster, and sometimes, the disaster area was subsequently expanded from a smaller area to cover additional counties or the entire state.
Other Natural Hazards Determined Not to Pose a Significant Risk The following natural hazards were determined to have a minimal chance of occurring or pose minimal risk to the safety of residents or property in Sheboygan County. These natural hazards are excluded from the full assessment, but are briefly discussed here to meet the comprehensive requirements for developing a natural hazards mitigation plan under Federal law. Earthquakes According to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), there have been 19 earthquake events in Wisconsin. The closest of these to Sheboygan County occurred in northern Ozaukee County (Lake Church) in 1956, as well as in Fond du Lac County in 1922. Where readings were available, these events were relatively small, most being 3.0 to 4.2 on the Richter Scale in intensity, and the largest being an intensity of 5.3 (Beloit, 1909), which may be strong enough to crack some plaster, but typically does not cause serious damage. Due to the lack of recent events, some geologists question whether many of these events were true earthquakes, but rather were quarry collapses, blasts, etc.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-5 The nearest active earthquake fault outside of Wisconsin is the New Madrid Fault, which stretches from northeast Arkansas to southern Illinois. Sheboygan County falls within the second lowest earthquake hazard shaking area, which represents the levels of horizontal shaking which have a 1-in-50 chance of being exceeded in a 50 year period. Similarly, Sheboygan County falls within a 1%g to 2%g peak ground acceleration (PGA) zone as shown on the USGS PGA values map with a 10 percent chance of being exceeded over 50 years. Therefore, Sheboygan County is considered unlikely to be substantially affected by earthquakes in the long-term future. The earthquake threat to Sheboygan County is considered very low. Landslides and Subsidence The term “landslide” includes a wide range of ground movement, including rock falls, deep failure of slopes, and shallow debris flows. Although gravity acting on an overly steep slope is the primary reason for a landslide, there can be other contributing factors, such as erosion by rivers, excess weight from the accumulation of rain or snow, groundwater flow, or man-made and other structures stressing weak slopes to the point of failure. In addition, slope material that becomes saturated with water may develop a debris flow or mudflow. The U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Overview Map of the Coterminous United States identifies low landslide risks for Sheboygan County. The majority of the land within Sheboygan County does not involve steep slopes and does not pose a landslide risk. The landslide risks associated with Lake Michigan are addressed as coastal bluff erosion under the previous “Coastal Hazards” section of this chapter. Land subsidence is an event in which a portion of the land surface collapses or settles. Subsidence in Wisconsin typically occurs in areas of karst terrain (dolomite and limestone bedrock areas). Subsidence in karst terrains occurs where dissolution of bedrock by groundwater flow causes the creation of voids (i.e. caves). The land above these underground voids often appears normal until a critical amount below has been washed away and the soil surface can no longer support the weight and collapses, causing subsidence at the surface (i.e. sinkholes). Sheboygan County lies within the area of risk in Wisconsin that has been identified by the Wisconsin Geologic and Natural History Survey. This area is delineated as a V- shaped swath across Wisconsin that extends southeast from St. Croix County along the Mississippi River, across the bottom two tiers of counties, and northeast along Lake Michigan up to Marinette County (Figure 1). However, being in an area of deeper karst potential (instead of the shallow karst areas) reduces the risk of subsidence in the county.
Man-Made Hazard Events Historical Summary Statistics on past man-made hazard occurrences were acquired from the National Response Center, Oil and Chemical Spill Data Public Reports for hazardous materials data, and from the Sheboygan County Health and Human Services Department for communicable diseases. No information on water supply contamination or on violence was available. Hazardous materials occurrences were evaluated for the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2018, while communicable disease incidences were evaluated for a 9 year period in which data were available from
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-6 January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2018. During the two periods in which data were collected, 1,458 man-made hazard events were recorded (Table 3.4). The man-made hazard events data shows that of the 1,458 events, the most prominent man-made hazard in Sheboygan County has been communicable diseases (approximately 1,334 occurrences). Approximately 148 communicable disease occurrences are reported each year. Additionally, two deaths and 33 injuries were reported for 124 hazardous materials incidents (approximately five incidents per year). In the case of communicable diseases, 184 deaths were reported over the period between 2005 and 2015, or an average of nearly 17 deaths per year; the number of injuries from communicable diseases is likely higher, but has not been documented. Table 3.4: Man-Made Hazard Occurrence Data, Sheboygan County Avg Man-Made Hazard # of Events #/Year Deaths Injuries Cybersecurity 0 0 0 0 Hazardous Materials1 124 5 2 33 Water Supply Contamination 0 0 0 0 Communicable Diseases2 1,334 148 184 ND Violence 0 0 0 0 Total 1,458 -- 186 33 1January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018 (24 years) 2January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2018 (9 years) for number of events and average number per year, and January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2015 (11 years) for number of deaths. Source: National Response Center, Oil and Chemical Spill Data Public Reports, 1995 – 2018; Wisconsin Department of Health Services, 2005 – 2015; Sheboygan County Department of Health and Human Services, 2010 – 2018; and Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, 2019.
Man-Made Hazards Prioritization The plan steering committee identified the following ranked man-made hazards to be the focus of the plan assessment and mitigation action strategies. Ranking the potential risks associated with each man-made hazard helped the steering committee prioritize the mitigation action strategies that are addressed later in the plan. The following man- made hazards are listed in order of their prioritized ranking: 1. Cybersecurity; 2. Hazardous Materials; 3. Communicable Diseases; 4. Water Supply Contamination; and 5. Violence.
Other Man-Made Hazards Determined Not to Pose a Significant Risk The following man-made hazards were determined to have a minimal chance of occurring or pose minimal risk to the safety of residents or property in Sheboygan County. These man-made hazards are excluded from the full assessment, but are briefly discussed here. Transportation (Including Railway, Roadway, Waterway, and Airway) Incident Transportation incidents include accidental and intentional crashes or collisions involving any means of transportation. Serious transportation incidents generally involve large commercial vehicles. These incidents can be the result of a number of causes,
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-7 including human error, mechanical failure, poor weather conditions, hijacking and sabotage. Nuclear Power Plant Incident A nuclear power plant incident can be defined as one that involves the uncontrolled release of potentially dangerous radioactive materials into the environment from a commercial nuclear power plant. A portion of the State of Wisconsin’s total energy is provided by one nuclear power plant with two reactors; this plant is located within 50 miles of Sheboygan County. Another plant with one reactor (that was also within 50 miles of Sheboygan County) recently closed. To date, no nuclear power plant incidents have occurred that have affected Sheboygan County.
RISK AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT The risk and vulnerability assessment is intended to describe the frequency, severity and probability of future occurrences of hazards that could impact the planning area. The following hazard profiles attempt to historically describe the characteristics of each hazard and how they have affected the population, infrastructure and environment of the planning area, and the potential risk to the population and property that could occur because of each of these hazards.
Critical Facilities Although the risk assessment focuses on the risk potential to the overall planning area, critical facilities are of particular concern. Critical facilities are necessary to preserve health, welfare and quality of life in the county, and fulfill important public safety, emergency response, and/or disaster recovery functions, or they house vulnerable populations (such as schools, childcare facilities and mobile home parks). Critical facilities in the planning area have been identified and mapped, and are illustrated in Map 3.1. Table 3.5 lists the types of critical facilities in the planning area. There are 832 critical facilities in the county. The largest number of critical facilities (254) involves bridges.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-8 Table 3.5: Critical Facilities by Type, Sheboygan County Type Total Bridges 254 Hazardous Materials/Chemical/EPCRA 111 Communications Facility 99 Schools 57 Water Supply Facility 56 Assisted Living Facilities 35 Electric Power Plants and Substations 34 Government 33 Wastewater/Sewage Treatment Facility 28 Fire/Rescue 27 Natural Gas Facility 21 Dams 20 Hospitals/Clinics 15 Public Works 14 Manufactured Housing Community 12 Law Enforcement 10 Military Installations 3 Disaster Response 2 Airports 1 Total 832 Source: Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, 2019.
HAZARD PROFILES: NATURAL HAZARDS Hazard profiles are intended to describe the frequency, severity, and probability of future natural hazards that could have an impact on Sheboygan County. These hazard profiles attempt to historically describe the cause and characteristics of each natural hazard and how they have impacted the population, infrastructure, and environment of the county. These potential risks are evaluated to determine their likelihood of recurrence and to gauge the impacts to the existing (or planned) population and property that could occur as a result of these hazards. Natural hazard probabilities are represented as very high, high, medium, and low. Very high probability hazards are defined as hazards that occur an average of five or more times per year; high probability hazards are defined as hazards that occur an average of three to five times per year; medium probability hazards are those that occur an average of more than once per year but less than three times per year; and low probability hazards occur an average of less than once per year.
Tornado and High Wind Description of Hazard A tornado is a relatively short-lived storm comprised of an intense rotating column of air, extending from a thunderstorm cloud system. It is nearly always visible as a funnel, although its lower end does not necessarily touch the ground. Average winds in a tornado, although never accurately measured, are between 100 and 200 miles per hour, but some tornadoes may have winds in excess of 300 miles per hour.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-9 A tornado path averages four miles, but may reach up to 300 miles in length. Widths average 300 to 400 yards, but severe tornadoes have cut swaths a mile or more in width, or have formed groups of two or three funnels traveling together. On average, tornadoes move between 25 and 45 miles per hour, but speeds over land of up to 70 miles per hour have been recorded. Tornadoes rarely last more than a couple of minutes in a single location or more than 15 to 20 minutes in a ten mile area, but their short periods of existence do not limit their devastation of an area. Table 3.6 shows the Fujita Scale, which is recognized as the acceptable tornado magnitude measurement rating. Table 3.6: Tornado Magnitude Measurement, Fujita Scale
Source: NOAA National Weather Service, 2011.
The destructive power of the tornado results primarily from its high wind velocities and sudden changes in pressure. Wind and pressure differentials probably account for 90 percent of the damage caused by tornadoes. Since tornadoes are generally associated with severe storm systems, they are usually accompanied by hail, torrential rain and intense lightning. Depending on their intensity, tornadoes can uproot trees, down power lines and destroy buildings. Flying debris can cause serious injury and death.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-10 On the basis of 40 years of tornado history and more than 100 years of hurricane history, the United States has been divided into four zones that geographically reflect the number and strength of extreme wind storms. The zone which includes most of the southern two-thirds of Wisconsin (known as Zone IV) has experienced the most and the strongest tornado activity that has affected the entire U.S., with wind speeds of up to 250 miles per hour being recorded at some point. This zone includes the entire county for this Hazard Mitigation Plan. Wisconsin lies along the northern edge of the nation’s maximum frequency belt for tornadoes (commonly known as “tornado alley”), which extends northeastward from Oklahoma into Iowa and then across to Michigan and Ohio. Generally, the southern and western portions of Wisconsin have a higher frequency of tornadoes; however, every county in Wisconsin has had tornadoes and is considered to be susceptible to a tornado disaster. Tornadoes have occurred in Wisconsin in every month except February. Wisconsin’s tornado season runs from the beginning of April through September. The most severe tornadoes statewide typically occur during the months of April, May and June. Many tornadoes strike in late afternoon or early evening. However, tornadoes have occurred during other times of the day. Personal property damage, deaths, and injuries have and will continue to occur due to tornado events in Wisconsin. Previous Significant Hazard Occurrences According to National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), Sheboygan County has experienced 64 significant tornado/high wind events in the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018. Hazard Frequency Based on previous hazard occurrences as reported by the NCDC, Sheboygan County experiences approximately three significant tornado/high wind event each year. The majority of these events are high wind events. Probability of Hazard Occurring in the Future Based on the hazard frequency, Sheboygan County is considered to have a high probability of experiencing a tornado or high wind event in any given year. Areas at Greatest Risk Tornadoes/high winds have no defined hazard area within the county. Past events have been relatively uniform across the planning area; however, mobile home residents are often most vulnerable to death, injury, and property damage from tornadoes. Therefore, mobile home parks in the planning area are the areas of greatest risk from this hazard. Impacts from Hazard Death and Injury No deaths and no injuries were reported from tornado/high wind events for Sheboygan County over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018, according to NCDC data.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-11 Structures at Risk Although tornadoes strike at random, making all buildings vulnerable, there are three types of structures that are most likely to suffer damage. These structure types include mobile homes, homes on crawlspaces (because they are more susceptible to lift), and buildings with large spans (such as airplane hangars, gymnasiums, warehouses and factories). Structures within the direct path of a tornado vortex are often reduced to rubble. However, structures adjacent to the path of the tornado are often severely damaged by high winds flowing into the tornado vortex (these winds are known as inflow winds). It is here, adjacent to the tornado’s path, where the building type and construction techniques are critical to the structure’s survival. Similar to severe thunderstorms, street signs often face disrepair after tornadoes, and debris often litters streets and highways following a tornado, requiring clean-up. Downed trees caused by tornadoes can be problematic in terms of impacting infrastructure (transportation, sewer, water, etc.) as well as critical facilities. Critical Facilities Hospitals can see increases in patient loads following tornadoes. Schools can sustain damage, and if they do not sustain damage, they often function as temporary shelters in the aftermath of tornadoes. Police and fire departments often see an increased workload during and after tornadoes. Any critical facility in the planning area is capable of being hit. However, schools are a main concern for two reasons: (1) they have large numbers of people present, either during school or as a storm shelter; and (2) they have large span areas, such as gyms and theaters. Economic Impacts A tornado can have a significant economic impact to a local economy due to irrecoverable businesses and infrastructure damages. A heavily damaged business (especially one that was struggling to make a profit) often never reopens after the hazard event. Infrastructure damage is usually limited to above ground utilities, such as power lines. Damage to utility lines can usually be repaired or replaced relatively quickly. Damage to roads and to railroads is also localized; if these facilities cannot be repaired promptly, alternate transportation routes are usually available. Public expenditures include search and rescue, shelters, and emergency protection measures. The greatest public expenditures for a community result from repairs to public facilities, and clean up and disposal of debris. Most public facilities are insured, so the economic impact on the local treasury is likely to be small. Clean up and disposal can be a larger problem, especially if there is limited landfill capacity near the damage site. Property Damage Reported property damage (including crop damage) from significant tornado/high wind events for Sheboygan County has totaled approximately $1,777,200 over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018, according to NCDC data.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-12 Estimate of Potential Dollar Losses Since mobile homes are especially vulnerable to tornadoes, a “worst case scenario” for this hazard would involve the total destruction of all mobile homes in the county. In such a “worst case scenario,” the total destruction of all buildings and facilities in the 12 mobile home parks in the county would result in estimated dollar losses of approximately $9.44 million, along with an additional estimated value of building contents of $4.72 million (calculated as 50 percent of the building value), for a total estimate of potential dollar losses of $14.16 million.
Winter Storm Description of Hazard Winter storms can vary in size and strength, and can include heavy snow storms, blizzards, freezing rain, sleet, ice storms and blowing and drifting snow conditions. Extremely cold temperatures accompanied by strong winds can result in wind chills that cause bodily injury such as frostbite and death. Winter storms can occur as a single event or they can occur in combination, which can make an event more severe. For example, a moderate snowfall could create severe conditions if it were followed by a freezing rain and subsequent extremely cold temperatures. The aftermath of a winter storm can impact a community or region for weeks, and even months. A variety of weather phenomena and conditions can occur during winter storms. For purposes of classification, the following are National Weather Service approved descriptions of winter storm elements: Heavy Snowfall – the accumulation of six or more inches of snow in a 12-hour period, or eight or more inches in a 24-hour period. Winter Storm – the occurrence of heavy snowfall accompanied by significant blowing snow, low wind chills, sleet or freezing rain. Blizzard – the occurrence of sustained wind speeds in excess of 35 miles per hour accompanied by heavy snowfall or large amounts of blowing or drifting snow. Ice Storm – an occurrence where rain falls from warmer upper layers of the atmosphere to the colder ground, freezing upon contact with the ground and exposed objects near the ground. Freezing drizzle/freezing rain – the effect of drizzle or rain freezing upon impact on objects that have a temperature of 32 degrees Fahrenheit or below. Sleet – solid grains or pellets of ice formed by the freezing of raindrops or the refreezing of largely melted snowflakes. This ice does not cling to surfaces. Wind chill – an apparent temperature that describes the combined effect of wind and low air temperatures on exposed skin. Much of the snowfall in Wisconsin occurs in small amounts of between one and three inches per occurrence. Heavy snowfalls (producing at least eight to ten inches of accumulation) happen on the average only five times per season. True blizzards are rare in Wisconsin, and are more likely to occur in northwestern Wisconsin than in southern portions of the state, even though heavy snowfalls are more frequent in
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-13 southeastern Wisconsin. However, blizzard-like conditions often exist during heavy snow storms when gusty winds cause the severe blowing and drifting of snow. Both ice and sleet storms can occur at any time throughout the winter season from October into April. Early- and late-season ice and sleet storms are generally restricted to northern Wisconsin. Otherwise, the majority of these storms occur in southern Wisconsin. In a typical winter season, there are three to five freezing rain events, and a major ice storm occurs on a frequency of about once every other year. If a half inch of rain freezes on trees and utility wires, extensive damage can occur, especially if accompanied by high winds that compound the effects of the added weight of the ice. There are also between three and five instances of glazing (less than one quarter inch of ice) throughout Wisconsin during a normal winter. Winter storms present a serious threat to the health and safety of affected citizens, and can result in significant damage to property. This can occur when the heavy snow or accumulated ice causes structural collapse of buildings, downs power lines, severely affects electrical power distribution, or cuts off people from assistance or services. Winter storms in Wisconsin are caused by Canadian and Arctic cold fronts that push snow and ice deep into the interior of the United States. Previous Significant Hazard Occurrences According to National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), Sheboygan County has experienced 139 significant winter storm events in the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018. Many of these hazard events may not have been specific to Sheboygan County, and may have been recorded for a larger regional area. Hazard Frequency Based on previous hazard occurrences as reported by the NCDC, Sheboygan County experiences approximately six significant winter storm events per year. Probability of Hazards Occurring in the Future Based on the hazard frequency, Sheboygan County is considered to have a very high probability of experiencing a significant winter storm event in any given year. Winter storms tend to be a regional phenomenon in that they affect much of eastern Wisconsin on nearly all of the occasions in which they affect Sheboygan County. Areas at Greatest Risk Winter storms have no defined hazard area within the planning area. Past events have been relatively uniform across the planning area or the larger regional area. Impacts from Hazard Death and Injury No deaths or injuries have been reported from significant winter storm events for Sheboygan County over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018, according to NCDC data. Structures at Risk Occasionally, heavy snow or accumulated ice will cause structural collapse of buildings (particularly roofs), but most buildings are now constructed with low temperatures, snow
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-14 loads and ice storms in mind. In addition, with the modern focus on energy conservation, buildings are much better insulated than they were in the past. Therefore, for the most part, winter storms do not have a major impact on buildings in the planning area. The major impacts of winter storms on infrastructure are to utilities and roads. Power lines and tree limbs can be coated with heavy ice in some winter storms, resulting in disrupted power and telephone service, often for days. Cable and satellite television services can also be negatively impacted in certain winter storm events. In the case of transportation, even small accumulations of ice can be extremely dangerous to motorists and pedestrians. Bridges and overpasses are particularly dangerous because they freeze before other surfaces. Critical Facilities Street and road crews have an increased burden of snow removal (and salting in the case of ice storms) during and after winter storms. In some cases, winter storms can be so severe that these crews have to be called off the road for a period of time. Hospitals and clinics can treat additional patients for frostbite, pedestrian and vehicular accident injuries, and conditions resulting from the shoveling of heavy snow during and following winter storms. Sometimes, these very hospitals and clinics have difficulty getting their own staff to report to work because of the storm, which increases the work load for the staff that is already there (double shifts, etc.). Police department staff needs to respond to additional accidents. Utility and telephone companies need to respond to downed electrical and telephone lines, especially in the case of ice storms. Rescue services can receive more calls because of accidents or health related circumstances. Schools may need to have early dismissal or cancel classes altogether. Shelters may take in additional homeless persons during winter storm events as well, although this has been less of an issue in Sheboygan than it has been in larger cities. Economic Impacts Loss of power often means that businesses and manufacturing concerns must close down. Loss of access due to snow or ice covered roads can have a similar effect, especially when trucks cannot travel on major thoroughfares to make “just in time” deliveries to business and industry in the planning area. The effects are particularly difficult when the storm is widespread. Property Damage Reported property damage from significant winter storm events for Sheboygan County has totaled approximately $75,000 over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018, according to NCDC data. No crop damage was reported from these events. Estimate of Potential Dollar Losses An estimate of potential dollar losses cannot be calculated for winter storm events, since no vulnerable structures have been identified. Based on previous damages reported by the NCDC, property damage from winter storms has been minimal over the past 24 years.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-15 Lightning Storm and Thunderstorm Description of Hazard Lightning storms and thunderstorms include hail, thunderstorm winds, strong winds and high winds. Thunderstorms are most likely to happen in the spring and summer months and during the afternoon and evening hours, but can occur throughout the year and at all hours. The biggest threats from thunderstorms are lightning, high winds and hail. Lightning, which occurs during all thunderstorms, can strike anywhere. Generated by the buildup of charged ions in a thundercloud, the discharge of a lightning bolt interacts with the best conducting object or surface on the ground. The air in the channel of a lightning strike reaches temperatures higher than 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit. The rapid heating and cooling of the air near the channel causes a shock wave which produces thunder. Thunderstorms winds include downburst winds and high winds. Downburst winds are strong, concentrated, straight-line winds created by falling rain and sinking air that can reach speeds of 125 miles per hour. High winds are high speeds winds that can be as damaging as a tornado, but remaining nearly straight line and are not the rotating column of air that is characteristic of a tornado. Hailstones are ice crystals that form within a low pressure front due to warm air rising rapidly into the upper atmosphere and the subsequent cooling of the air mass. Frozen droplets gradually accumulate on the ice crystals until, having developed sufficient weight, they fall as precipitation. The size of hailstones is a direct function of the severity and size of the storm. Significant damage does not result until the hailstones reach 1.5 inches in diameter, which occurs in less than half of all hailstorms. The National Weather Service classifies a thunderstorm as severe if its winds reach or exceed 58 miles per hour, produces a tornado, or drops surface hail at least 0.75 inch in diameter. Compared with other atmospheric hazards (such as tropical cyclones and winter low pressure systems), individual thunderstorms affect relatively small geographic areas. The average thunderstorm system is approximately 15 miles in diameter, covers 75 square miles, and lasts less than 30 minutes at a single location. However, weather monitoring reports indicate that coherent thunderstorm systems can travel intact for distances in excess of 600 miles. Previous Significant Hazard Occurrences According to National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), Sheboygan County has experienced 99 significant lightning storm/thunderstorm events in the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018. Hazard Frequency Based on previous hazard occurrences as reported by the NCDC, Sheboygan County experiences approximately four significant lightning storm/thunderstorm events per year. Probability of Hazard Occurring in the Future Based on the hazard frequency, Sheboygan County is considered to have a high probability of experiencing a significant lightning storm and/or thunderstorm event in any given year.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-16 Areas at Greatest Risk Based on review of the historic patterns of lightning storms and thunderstorms, there are no specific areas that are a higher than average risk. The events are relatively uniform throughout Sheboygan County. However, mobile home residents are often most vulnerable to death, injury and property damage from lightning storms and thunderstorms. Therefore, mobile home parks in the planning area are the areas of greatest risk from this hazard. Impacts from Hazard Death and Injury No deaths, but three injuries from lightning storms/thunderstorms have been reported for Sheboygan County over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018, according to NCDC data. Structures at Risk Mobile homes are at a high risk to damage from thunderstorms. Garages are also frequently damaged by thunderstorms. Wind and water damage can result when windows are broken by flying debris or hail. Lightning can cause direct damage to structures (especially those without lightning protection systems), and can cause fires that damage trees and structures. In addition, hail can inflict severe damage to roofs, windows and siding, depending on hailstone size and winds. Downed trees and limbs cause frequent damage to structures during lightning storms and thunderstorms. Critical Facilities Hospitals can see increases in patient load with sufficiently severe lightning storms and thunderstorms. Schools can sustain damage, and if they do not sustain damage, they often function as temporary shelters in the aftermath of severe thunderstorms. Police and fire departments often see an increased workload during and after lightning storms and/or severe thunderstorms. Emergency operations can be disrupted, as lightning storms and thunderstorms affect radio communications, since antennas are a prime target for lightning. Economic Impacts Reported property damage (including crop damage) from significant lightning storms and thunderstorms for Sheboygan County has totaled approximately $4,348,500 over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018, according to NCDC data. Estimate of Potential Dollar Losses Since mobile homes are especially vulnerable to tornadoes, a “worst case scenario” for this hazard would involve the total destruction of all mobile homes in the county. In such a “worst case scenario,” the total destruction of all buildings and facilities in the 12 mobile home parks in the county would result in estimated dollar losses of approximately $9.44 million, along with an additional estimated value of building contents of $4.72 million (calculated as 50 percent of the building value), for a total estimate of potential dollar losses of $14.16 million.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-17 Flooding Description of Hazard Floods happen when the water draining from a watershed, whether from rainfall or melting snow, exceeds the capacity of the river or stream channel to hold it. Water overflows onto the nearby low-lying lands (floodplains). In hilly and mountainous areas, flooding is likely to be rapid, deep and dangerous. In relatively flat floodplains, land may stay covered with shallow, slow moving water for days or even weeks. Dam failure flooding occurs when flood waters exceed the capacity of the dam and the water overtops the dam or during structural failure of the dam. In extreme cases, dam failure can occur with little warning, and can result in the loss of life and significant property damage in areas downstream of the dam. Previous Significant Hazard Occurrences According to National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), Sheboygan County has experienced 22 significant flooding events in the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018. Hazard Frequency Based on previous hazard occurrences as reported by the NCDC, Sheboygan County experiences less than one significant flooding event each year. Probability of Hazard Occurring in the Future FEMA uses the “base” flood as the basis for its regulatory requirements and flood insurance ratings. The hazards mitigation plan also uses the base flood for planning purposes. The base flood is the one percent chance flood, or the flood that has a one percent (one out of 100) chance of occurring in any given year. The one percent chance flood is commonly referred to as the “100-year flood.” Based on the hazard frequency, Sheboygan County is considered to have a low probability of sustaining a 100-year flood in any given year. Areas at Greatest Risk The areas at greatest risk from flooding include the “100-year floodplain” areas of Sheboygan County. FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps also call this the Special Flood Hazard Area, or “A Zone.” The base floodplains for the planning area are shown in Map 3.2. Properties that potentially lie within the floodplain and would be affected by the 100-year flood are shown in Map 3.4. The areas of greatest risk from dam failure flooding are those areas within the hydraulic shadow of a dam or large dams. The hydraulic shadow of the dam is the area of land downstream from a dam that would be inundated by water upon failure of the dam during the regional flood (100-year flood). As identified by the WDNR, there are a total of 35 dams in Sheboygan County. Of these, 10 are classified by the WDNR as large dams, meaning they have a structural height of over six feet and impound 50 acre-feet or more or they have a structural height of 25 feet or more and impound 15 acre-feet or more. Another 22 dams located in the county are classified as small dams, with three dams of unspecified size. The WDNR assigns hazard ratings to dams within the state based on existing land use and land use
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-18 controls (zoning) downstream of the dam. A high hazard rating indicates that a failure would likely result in loss of life. A significant hazard rating indicates that a failure could result in significant property damage. A low hazard rating is given when a failure would result in only minimal property damage and loss of life is unlikely. In Sheboygan County, there are three large dams that have high hazard ratings, including: the Franklin Volunteer Fire Department dam over the Sheboygan River in the Town of Herman; the Hingham Sanitary District dam over the Onion River in the Town of Lima; and the dam over the Onion River in the Village of Waldo. No large dams had significant hazard ratings, and seven large dams had low hazard ratings. Map 3.6 displays the dams in the county and their respective hazard ratings. Impacts from Hazard Death and Injury No death or injuries from flooding has been reported for Sheboygan County over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018, according to NCDC data. Structures at Risk Analysis of the data used to produce Map 3.4 indicates that structures on 2,991 parcels (covering nearly 25,169 acres) could potentially be impacted by the base flood in the planning area. Any parcel touching the boundaries of the 100-year floodplain was considered for this analysis. Therefore, if a structure exists on a parcel that was included, it is possible that it may not be located within the boundaries of the 100-year floodplain. The number of parcels containing buildings that could potentially be impacted by the base flood in each town also includes the incorporated cities and villages within the territory of the corresponding township and range for the town. Numerous additional parcels currently without structures have the potential for development, and are located in the base floodplain. A review of FEMA flood loss statistics from January 1, 1978, through March 31, 2019, indicates that there were 45 claims in Sheboygan County involving a total value of over $330,800. As of March 31, 2019, there were 168 policies in force in Sheboygan County for nearly $168,400 in total premiums providing $45,320,800 in total coverage. (FEMA National Flood Insurance Program, W2RC1040). Repetitive Loss Properties Repetitive loss structure is a term that is usually associated with the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to describe a structure, covered by a contract of flood insurance under the NFIP, that has suffered flood damage on two or more occasions over a 10-year period ending on the date when a second claim is made, in which the cost to repair the flood damage, on average, equals or exceeds 25 percent of the market value of the structure at the time of each flood loss event. For the Community Rating System (CRS) of the NFIP, a repetitive loss property is any property on which the NFIP has paid two or more flood claims of $1,000 or more in any given 10-year period since 1978. A repetitive loss structure is important to the NFIP, since structures that flood frequently put a strain on the flood insurance fund. It should also be important to a community because residents’ lives are disrupted and may be threatened by the continual flooding.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-19 There is one repetitive loss property in Sheboygan County. This property is a non- residential property that has had two claims (in 1986 and 1987) for damages to contents for a total claim amount of $10,177. There have been no claims for this property since 1987, and no mitigation has been undertaken. Critical Facilities Analysis of the GIS data used to produce Map 3.5 indicates that there are 189 critical facilities located within 100-year floodplains in Sheboygan County. Table 3.7 lists the critical facility types of those facilities potentially within the 100-year floodplains. Of the 189 critical facilities potential in floodplains, 152 are bridges and 16 are dams. Table 3.7: Critical Facility Types within the 100-Year Floodplains Type Total Bridges 152 Dams 16 Wastewater/Sewage Treatment Facility 7 Public Works 3 Water Supply Facility 3 Communications Facility 2 Natural Gas Facility 2 Electric Power Plant 1 Fire/Rescue 1 Manufactured Housing Community 1 Schools 1 Grand Total 189 Source: Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission; 2019. Economic Impacts Property Damage Reported property damage (including crop damage) from flooding in Sheboygan County has totaled $73,332,000 over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018, according to NCDC data. Value of Structures at Risk The value of all 2,991 at-risk structures in the floodplains of the county is estimated at $618,117,600. This information was obtained from Sheboygan County database on improved values of real property. The parcel map and the 100-year floodplains were merged to determine at-risk structures in the planning area. Transportation Route Interruptions Loss of road access is a major flood impact that affects all residents and businesses, not just those who own property in the floodplain. Sometimes, the loss is temporary, such as during a flood. However, on some occasions, the loss of transportation lasts well after the disaster. When a flood washes out roads, bridges, or railroads, it can be weeks or months before they are repaired and reusable. A key evacuation and safety concern is when roads and bridges go under water. Generally, the larger the road, the more likely it will not flood, but this is not always the case. Analysis of GIS data indicates that there are 152 bridges that could potentially be underwater during a base flood. There may be several additional bridges in areas that
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-20 are not included in the mapped 100-year flood zones, such as areas located along small tributary streams. Estimate of Potential Dollar Losses The following is an estimate of potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures. “Vulnerable structures” are those structures located in the 100-year flood hazard area, as identified in Map 3.4. Since there is no reliable building height data for buildings in these flood hazard areas, a “worst case scenario” of total structural damage for buildings in all of the flood zones of the planning area was assumed in estimating potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures. Building height and elevation data should be collected in the future in order to better assess the risks of damage to structures because of the flood hazard. It is estimated that approximately $618,117,600 in losses would occur with the 100-year flood in zones projected to be impacted by the 100-year flood in a “worst case scenario” of total structural damage for buildings in all of the flood zones in the county. This information was obtained from a Sheboygan County database on assessed values of real property. This only involves damage to structures themselves, and may not account for damage to personal property inside or adjacent to vulnerable structures. In addition, there may be areas outside the 100-year flood zones that will flood during an event of that magnitude (or even of lesser magnitude); this planning process has no way of knowing the susceptibility of flooding outside of flood events that have been previously mapped by other governmental agencies. Development in Areas Subject to Flooding Sheboygan County regulates development within the floodplain through its comprehensive Floodplain Ordinance, which is Chapter 73 of the Sheboygan County Code of Ordinances. Sheboygan County also has a Shoreland Ordinance (Chapter 72, Sheboygan County Code of Ordinances). These ordinances can be useful tools in keeping inappropriate development out of many flood hazard zones in the planning area. In addition to the county, some local jurisdictions have developed their own ordinances to deal with development in these areas. In 1992, the Village of Oostburg adopted a Shoreland-Wetland Zoning Ordinance (Ordinance 1-1992) under Chapter 6 of its Zoning Ordinances. In addition, in 1998, under Chapter 10, the village adopted a Floodplain Zoning Ordinance (Ordinance 1-1998). As part of its Municipal Code, the Village of Elkhart Lake has also adopted a Shoreland-Wetland Code and Shoreland Regulations, both of which help to direct development in these sensitive areas. Comprehensive planning is another means by which communities address development in areas subject to flooding. Various comprehensive plans produced for Sheboygan County and local communities in the county have addressed regulation of development in floodplains, watersheds, and natural resource areas in various ways. Most of these plans addressed this in their goals, objectives and policies; through the natural resources chapter (or equivalent) in the plan; and through the future plan design (future land use) chapter of the plan. All communities (as well as the county) have a comprehensive plan that addresses regulation of development in floodplains, watersheds and natural resource areas in some manner.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-21 The Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, the regional planning entity for northeastern Wisconsin (which includes Sheboygan County), also has tools to keep development out of flood hazard zones in the planning area. The Commission develops sewer service area plans for the Sheboygan urbanized area, which take into account preservation of natural features and minimization of future development in flood hazard areas near bodies of water. The Commission reviews proposals for development in the Sheboygan urbanized area for consistency with the sewer service area plan. The Commission also developed an environmental corridor definition and map of all of Sheboygan County, which is used to comment on development proposals. NFIP Participation Sheboygan County has participated in the FEMA National Floodplain Insurance Program (NFIP) since July 1978 by adopting and enforcing floodplain management ordinances to reduce future flood damage. In exchange, the NFIP makes federally backed flood insurance available to homeowners, renters and business owners in the county. In addition, the following incorporated communities are participating in the NFIP: • City of Sheboygan (since June 1974); • City of Sheboygan Falls (since November 1973); • City of Plymouth (since November 1974); • Village of Cascade (since May 1974); • Village of Howards Grove (since April 2009); • Village of Kohler (since February 1974); • Village of Oostburg (since June 1974); and • Village of Random Lake (since June 1974). Non-Participation in the NFIP The Villages of Adell and Elkhart Lake are not participating in NFIP as of May 2019. Since there are no special flood hazard areas (SFHAs) within their municipal boundaries, neither was provided a floodplain map after they were mapped in 2009. Neither the Village of Adell nor the Village of Elkhart Lake has been asked to participate in the NFIP, and therefore, neither is participating. NFIP Suspension/Sanctions The Village of Waldo began participating in the NFIP in December 1974, but was suspended in July 1987. In addition, the Villages of Cedar Grove and Glenbeulah began participating in the NFIP in April 2009, but were sanctioned in April 2010. The National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 prohibits FEMA from providing flood insurance in a community unless the community adopts and enforces floodplain management regulations that meet or exceed minimum NFIP criteria. A community can be suspended from the NFIP for failure to adopt compliant floodplain management measures or if it repeals or amends previously compliant floodplain management measures. A community can also be suspended from the NFIP for failure to enforce its floodplain management regulations. New flood insurance coverage cannot be purchased and policies cannot be renewed in a suspended community.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-22 Excessive Heat Description of Hazard Excessive heat (often referred to as a heat wave) is primarily a public health concern. During extended periods of very high temperatures or high temperatures with high humidity, individuals can suffer from several ailments, including heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Heat stroke is a particularly life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. In addition to posing a public health hazard, periods of excessive heat usually result in high electrical consumption, which can cause power outages and brown outs. The elderly, disabled and other vulnerable populations are especially susceptible to extreme heat. Previous Significant Hazard Occurrences According to National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), Sheboygan County has experienced 30 significant excessive heat events in the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018. Hazard Frequency Based on previous hazard occurrences as reported by the NCDC, Sheboygan County experiences approximately one significant excessive heat event each year. Probability of Hazard Occurring in the Future Based on the hazard frequency, Sheboygan County is considered to have a moderate probability of experiencing a significant excessive heat event in any given year. Extreme heat episodes tend to be a regional phenomenon in that they affect much of eastern Wisconsin on nearly all of the occasions in which they affect the planning area. Areas at Greatest Risk Excessive heat events have no defined hazard area within the planning area. Past events have been relatively uniform across the planning area. However, proximity to Lake Michigan can provide some degree of relief from the heat under the right meteorological conditions. Impacts from Hazard Death and Injury No deaths and three injuries have been reported from significant excessive heat events for Sheboygan County over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018, according to NCDC data. However, on a wider scale, 57 deaths occurred during one statewide event that occurred in July 1995 and impacted all of Wisconsin. Structures at Risk While there are no direct impacts on buildings, periods of excessive heat can impact the ability of buildings to be comfortable and safe for human habitation. Periods of excessive heat usually result in high electrical consumption for air conditioning, which can cause power outages and brown outs. There are few impacts of extreme heat on publicly owned infrastructure. One exception involves the buckling of certain streets and highways, which need to be repaired immediately.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-23 Critical Facilities Utilities may see peak demand for electricity during excessive heat episodes. There have been fears that an extreme heat episode could cause the power grid to collapse in a manner similar to what was experienced in the northeastern United States and in eastern Canada in the summer of 2003. Hospitals and clinics will likely experience an increased demand due to heat related illnesses during an excessive heat episode. In some cases, rescue services will experience an increased demand due to these same heat related illnesses. If school is in session during the excessive heat episode, area school districts may dismiss classes early in the day, at least in older schools without air conditioning. Emergency shelters will experience higher demand during the extreme heat episode, with some emergency shelters being set up specifically in response to the episode. Finally, there is likely to be increased water demand during the episode, both for human consumption as well as for lawn watering in the event that the excessive heat episode includes a drought. Economic Impacts Economic impacts of an extreme heat episode which can affect private businesses and consumers include higher electrical consumption and increased demands for medical treatment. Local governments may need to incur expenses when repairing streets and highways in the planning area that have been damaged due to buckling. If area school districts need to call off school early on excessive heat days, there may be expenses involved with early busing and with paying staff for a full day while only having the benefit of a partial day of instruction (or possibly extending the school year if class is cancelled). Non-profit organizations will incur expenses in the provision of emergency shelters. The water utility will incur the expenses involved with additional demand for water during excessive heat episodes, and these expenses will be passed on to area consumers. One less tangible economic impact of excessive heat involves lower productivity from persons who must work outside or in less than ideal conditions. In addition, people will be less motivated to shop at local businesses and may defer non-essential activities until the heat episode is over, negatively impacting the local economy. Excessive heat can negatively impact agriculture in the surrounding area when combined with drought. Property Damage No property damage (including crop damage) has been reported from excessive heat events for Sheboygan County over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018, according to NCDC data. Estimate of Potential Dollar Losses An estimate of potential dollar losses cannot be calculated for extreme heat events, since no vulnerable structures have been identified. Based on previous damage reported by the NCDC, property damages from excessive heat has been minimal over the past 24 years.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-24 Dense Fog Description of Hazard Fog is a collection of liquid water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the ground. While fog is a type of stratus cloud, the term "fog" is typically distinguished from the more generic term "cloud" in that fog is low-lying, and the moisture in the fog is often generated locally (such as from a nearby body of water, like a lake or stream, or from nearby moist ground or marshes). Fog is distinguished from mist because it has greater density and lower visibility than mist. Dense fog is a hazard mainly because of reduced visibility. Airport delays, automobile accidents, shipwrecks, plane crashes, and many other problems are frequently caused by fog. The National Weather Service forecasts fog and issues dense fog advisories when visibility is decreased to less than one quarter of a mile. These advisories alert travelers to potentially dangerous conditions. Traveling in fog requires reduced speed and careful navigation. At night, traveling in fog is especially dangerous because darkness combines with fog to reduce visibility even more. In addition, light from automobile headlights and other navigational lights is scattered off the water droplets of the fog, limiting sight to only a short distance. In response to this problem, automobiles are often equipped with specially designed lights that illuminate a usually dry (and therefore clear) area just above the roadway surface. Previous Significant Hazard Occurrences According to the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), Sheboygan County has experienced 80 significant dense fog events in the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018. Hazard Frequency Based on previous hazard occurrences as reported by the NCDC, Sheboygan County experiences approximately three significant dense fog events each year. Probability of Hazard Occurring in the Future Based on the hazard frequency, Sheboygan County is considered to have a high probability of experiencing a significant dense fog event in any given year. Areas at Greatest Risk Portions of the planning area along waterways, wetlands, and low lying areas can be at greater risk for dense fog under certain meteorological conditions. However, no portion of the planning area is free of the possibility of experiencing fog events. The likelihood of dense fog is somewhat higher along Lake Michigan, in area river valleys and in other low lying portions of the planning area under certain meteorological conditions. Fog episodes often can be a regional phenomenon in that they affect much of the eastern half of Wisconsin on many of the occasions in which they affect Sheboygan County. Impacts from Hazard Death and Injury 10 deaths and 40 injuries have been reported from significant dense fog events for Sheboygan County over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018, according to NCDC data. However, all of these deaths and injuries occurred during
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-25 one significant dense fog event on October 11, 2002. The reported deaths and injuries occurred during a severe traffic incident on Interstate 43 where it nears Lake Michigan just south of Cedar Grove. Structures at Risk There are no direct impacts to buildings from a fog event. The main structures impacted are those associated with infrastructure during a fog event from vehicle accidents. This can result in rescue services helping injured drivers and passengers, clean-up of the affected portions of the street and highway network, and temporary rerouting of motorists after some incidents. In addition, motorists often must travel at slower speeds when fog is in the area, which adds travel time and can lead to vehicular congestion in cases where it would normally not occur. In dense fog events during the winter, icing can sometimes be a problem. Power lines and tree limbs can be coated with heavy ice in some winter fog events, resulting in disrupted power and telephone service. In addition, in fog events during the winter, even small accumulations of ice can be extremely dangerous to motorists and pedestrians. Bridges and overpasses are particularly dangerous because they freeze before other surfaces. Critical Facilities Law enforcement will be asked to respond to an increased number of accidents during many fog events. Hospitals and clinics may be asked to treat individuals injured in accidents that likely would have not occurred in the absence of the fog event. Rescue services may be called to respond to accidents that resulted from the fog event. The starting time for schools may be delayed by the fog event for the safety of students and all involved. Courtrooms may see increased adjudication of traffic law violations resulting from accidents occurring during the fog event. Municipal public works and county highway departments may need to perform emergency repairs to streets and highways in worst-case scenario accidents resulting from the fog event. Airports can experience flight delays and cancellations during certain fog events. Economic Impacts There are economic costs in accidents caused by dense fog events. Vehicular accidents almost always involve property damage, and some vehicular accidents during fog events involve injuries and/or fatalities. All of these consequences to vehicular accidents have costs both to the individual involved and to society. Dense fog events can also cost businesses in lost time involving late workers and/or late shipments. If area school districts need to delay school during a dense fog event, there may be expenses involved with delayed busing and with paying staff for a full day while only having the benefit of a partial day of instruction (or possibly extending the school year if class is cancelled). Airline delays due to fog have economic impacts for travelers as well as for commerce. There are additional economic impacts if the fog event occurs in conjunction with the icing of power lines in cases where the power lines are damaged and residents lose power. Property Damage No property damage has officially been reported from dense fog events for Sheboygan County over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to September 30, 2018,
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-26 according to NCDC data. However, the data do not take into account private damage that occurred from vehicular crashes resulting from fog events. Estimate of Potential Dollar Losses An estimate of potential dollar losses cannot be calculated for dense fog events, since no vulnerable structures have been identified. Based on previous damage officially reported by the NCDC, property damages from fog have been minimal over the past 24 years.
Extreme Cold Description of Hazard Dangerously cold conditions can be the result of extremely cold temperatures, or the combination of cold temperatures and high winds. The combination of cold temperatures and wind creates a perceived temperature known as “wind chill.” Whenever temperatures drop well below normal and as wind speed increases, heat can leave the body more rapidly. As winds increase, heat is carried away from the body at a faster rate, driving down both the skin temperature and eventually the internal body temperature. This weather related condition may lead to serious health problems. Extreme cold is a dangerous situation that can cause health emergencies for susceptible people, such as those without shelter, those who are stranded outdoors or in a disabled car, or those who live in a home that is poorly insulated or without heat. Previous Significant Hazard Occurrences According to the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), Sheboygan County has experienced 28 significant extreme cold events in the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018. Hazard Frequency Based on previous hazard occurrences as reported by the NCDC, Sheboygan County experiences approximately one significant extreme cold event per year. Probability of Hazard Occurring in the Future Based on the hazard frequency, Sheboygan County is considered to have a moderate probability of experiencing a significant extreme cold event in any given year. Areas at Greatest Risk Extreme cold events have no defined hazard area within the planning area. Past events have been relatively uniform across the planning area. Impacts from Hazard Death and Injury One death and three injuries have been reported from significant extreme cold events in Sheboygan County over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018, according to NCDC data. Structures at Risk Extreme cold conditions can result in burst water pipes. In addition, it is more expensive to heat homes and other buildings during extreme cold events. Sometimes, residents of the planning area might consider the use of space heaters during an extreme cold
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-27 event. However, the use of space heaters comes with its own risks, including a higher probability of fire to a structure if these devices are used improperly. Public domain water pipes can burst in extreme cold conditions, which can also ruin the street above the water pipes. In addition, damage to fiber optic cables can occur during extreme cold episodes, which can negatively affect commerce and hospitals in the planning area. Critical Facilities All buildings involving critical facilities will have greater heating expenses during an extreme cold event. Increased demand will also affect Wisconsin Public Service, the local natural gas energy utility serving the planning area. Hospitals and clinics may be asked to treat patients exposed to the extreme cold conditions. Emergency shelters may take in additional individuals during the extreme cold event. Area schools may cancel classes or call for early dismissal in extreme cold events. The water utility may need to repair damaged water mains caused by the extreme cold. Local fire departments and rescue services may also deal with direct or indirect consequences of the extreme cold event. Economic Impacts Economic impacts of extreme cold events can include lack of motivation to participate in the local economy (unless absolutely necessary) during the event. Utility bills following the event will also be higher, which will give the consumer less ability to purchase discretionary goods about a month after the event (unless that consumer is on a monthly even payment plan with the local utility). If area school districts need to call off school early on extremely cold days, there may be expenses involved with early busing and with paying staff for a full day while only having the benefit of a partial day of instruction (or possibly extending the school year if class is cancelled). Non-profit organizations will incur expenses in the provision of emergency shelters. The private sector also incurs economic losses and production decreases during an extreme cold event. Property Damage Reported property damage from extreme cold events in Sheboygan County has totaled $8,000 over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018, according to NCDC data. All of this was regular property damage (no crop damage). Estimate of Potential Dollar Losses An estimate of potential dollar losses cannot be calculated for extreme cold events, since no vulnerable structures have been identified. Based on previous damages reported by the NCDC, property damage from extreme cold has been minimal over the past 24 years.
Drought Description of Hazard A drought is an extended period of unusually dry weather, which may be accompanied by extreme heat. There are basically two types of drought in Wisconsin: agricultural drought and hydrologic drought. Agricultural drought is a dry period of sufficient length and intensity that markedly reduces crop yields. Hydrologic drought is a
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-28 dry period of sufficient length and intensity to affect lake and stream levels as well as the height of the groundwater table. These two types of drought may, but do not necessarily, occur at the same time. The severity of a drought depends on a number of factors, including duration, intensity, geographic extent, and regional water supply demands by humans and vegetation. In general, droughts have the greatest impact on agriculture. Small droughts of limited duration can significantly reduce crop growth and yields. More substantial drought events can decimate croplands, and can result in a total loss. Droughts can also greatly increase the risk of forest fires and wildfires because of extreme dryness. In addition, the loss of vegetation in the absence of sufficient water can result in flooding, even from average rainfall, following drought conditions. Previous Significant Hazard Occurrences According to National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), Sheboygan County has experienced 15 significant drought events in the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018. Hazard Frequency Based on previous hazard occurrences as reported by the NCDC, Sheboygan County experiences an average of less than one significant drought event every year. Probability of Hazards Occurring in the Future The future incidence of drought is highly unpredictable, as its occurrence is based on weather patterns, making it difficult to determine probability with any accuracy. Droughts tend to be a regional phenomenon in that they affect much of eastern Wisconsin on nearly all of the occasions in which they affect Sheboygan County. However, based strictly on the hazard frequency, Sheboygan County is considered to have a low probability of experiencing a significant drought event in any given year. Areas at Greatest Risk Droughts have no defined hazard area within the planning area. Past events have been relatively uniform across the planning area. However, agricultural croplands are most vulnerable to losses from drought events. Sheboygan County contains 177,324 acres of agricultural lands, or more than 53 percent of the county’s land mass (based on land use data shown in Table 2.2). Impacts from Hazard Death and Injury No deaths or injuries have been reported from significant drought events for Sheboygan County over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018, according to NCDC data. Structures at Risk There are no direct impacts to structures from a drought event. In terms of infrastructure, droughts have the most impact on municipal water supplies. Droughts will likely cause a shortage of water for human, industrial, and agricultural consumption, as wells and other water reserves may dry up. Also, water quality is often an issue before and after a drought event, which may place an additional burden on wastewater treatment facilities.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-29 Critical Facilities In drought conditions, water shortages may occur and affect the amount of water available for human consumption. Hospitals may be called upon to treat individuals suffering from dehydration as a result. Parks that provide recreational water facilities are also likely to experience increased usage during times of drought. There are few other direct impacts on critical facilities as a result of drought conditions. However, droughts can trigger other natural and man-made hazards, such as wildfires and post-drought flooding, which can have an impact on these facilities. Economic Impacts Wisconsin is most susceptible to agricultural drought. Even small droughts of limited duration can significantly reduce crop growth and yields, which adversely affects farm income. Substantial drought events can lead to complete crop decimation, resulting in total loss. During severe drought periods, farmers are often forced to seek financial assistance from the government to supplement lost income. Livestock can also be adversely affected by droughts. Lack of water can lead to animal deaths. In addition, as drought conditions are often accompanied by periods of prolonged sunshine and high temperatures, animals are at risk to overexposure and heatstroke. Death of livestock can also lead to substantial loss of income for farmers. Drought can also affect local commercial and industrial businesses. During times of severe drought, limitations are often placed on water usage. These limitations could have a negative impact on businesses such as car washes and landscapers, as they will likely be unable to provide services to their customers. It is also likely that areas depending on tourism will see fewer people traveling to their area in times of drought. Industries which utilize large amounts of water in processing materials may also be subject to these limitations, which could potentially reduce their production capabilities. Property Damage Reported property damage from significant drought for Sheboygan County has totaled approximately $150,000 over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018, according to NCDC data, all of which involved crop damage. Estimate of Potential Dollar Losses Agricultural croplands are most vulnerable to losses from drought events. A “worst case scenario” would involve the total destruction of all 177,324 acres of agricultural lands in the county (based on current land use data, as shown in Table 2.2). The USDA conducts a Census of Agriculture every five years based on a sample of farms to estimate the market value of agricultural land and buildings. Based on the 2017 Census of Agriculture (Table 1: County Summary Highlights), the average value per acre of agricultural land in Sheboygan County was $6,594. Therefore, it can be estimated that if this “worst case scenario” were to occur, the total destruction of all agricultural land in Sheboygan County would cause a loss of up to $1.169 billion. It should be noted that the loss would likely be less than this amount, since the USDA’s per acre value includes land and buildings, and buildings are not likely to be impacted by a drought event.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-30 Wildland Fires Description of Hazard A wildland fire is any instance of unplanned burning in brush, marshes, grasslands or field lands. Typical causes of these fires are lightning, human carelessness or arson. The county has large expanses of forested areas that could be susceptible to wildland fires. Wildland fires can occur at any time of the year and during any time of the day. The primary factors that can contribute to the start of a wildland fire are land use, vegetation, amount of combustible materials present, and weather conditions such as wind, low humidity and lack of precipitation. Generally, fires are more likely when vegetation is dry from a winter with little snow or a spring and summer with sparse rainfall. As fires remain a possibility, fire stations in the county are prepared to respond in accordance with established response procedures, while local zoning setback controls and building codes provide additional mitigation measures. Previous Significant Hazard Occurrences There have been no significant wildland fires in Sheboygan County since 1995. Hazard Frequency No adequate records are available at this time in order to determine a hazard frequency. Probability of Hazard Occurring in the Future According to the U.S. Forest Service Wildland Fire Assessment System, Sheboygan County regularly falls within a low to moderate fire danger class. A low rating indicates that fuels do not ignite readily from small firebrands, while a moderate rating means that fires will likely start from most accidental causes With the exception of lightning fires in some areas, the number of starts is generally low. In addition, because Sheboygan County is not extensively forested and does not contain the hazards and risks necessary to warrant intensive or extensive fire protection, it is designated as a Cooperative Fire Protection Area. Therefore, there are no Wisconsin DNR ranger stations or suppression resources located in the county. In addition, the Forestry Division of the Wisconsin DNR has determined that there are no “Communities at Risk” and no “Communities of Concern” within Sheboygan County (October 2007). Overall, the probability of a naturally occurring wildland fire is low for the entire county. Areas at Greatest Risk Sheboygan County contains approximately 72,763 acres of woodlands (based on current land use, shown in Table 2.2). Of these, few contain timbers that are very susceptible to burning. Therefore, lands covered in grass fuels pose the highest risk for the planning area. Furthermore, grasslands that abut heavy residential development present an even greater danger, especially when residents practice unapproved outdoor burning of leaves, garbage and other items which they wish to dispose of by incineration. The likelihood that any wildland fire in Sheboygan County would be catastrophic is low, as most susceptible areas lack enough acreage to allow for continuous burning. Areas that were identified as containing enough land to allow for catastrophic burning
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-31 include the Sheboygan County Marsh, portions of Kettle Moraine State Forest, and other publicly owned lands, which are scattered throughout the county. Impacts from Hazard Death and Injury No data on deaths or injuries is available for significant wildland fire events for Sheboygan County over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018. Structures at Risk Homes and other structures located within the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) are at high risk to damage from wildland fires. The WUI refers to the zone of transition between forestland/wildland and human development. The wildland fire risk increases in the WUI because buildings are typically surrounded by fuel sources such as unmowed grass, unraked leaves, flammable vegetation and dead branches. Structures constructed from materials that may melt or ignite when exposed to a fire present a high risk. In general, the potential for property damage from wildland fires increases as more development occurs on wooded lands. Residential housing is typically the most dominant type of structure found within the WUI. Though many parts of a home can be affected by wildfire damage, the roof is the most exposed portion of the building and is more at risk from flying embers. Attics may also be affected by airborne embers that enter through open eaves and vents. Structures attached to homes, such as decks, garages and fences, can also carry a fire into a home. Critical Facilities Police, fire, and emergency response personnel are greatly affected by wildland fires, suffering increased workloads during and after events. Hospitals can see increases in patient load resulting from burn-related injuries and individuals suffering from the effects of smoke inhalation. Schools, if not affected by a fire, could potentially be used as temporary shelter for individuals that cannot return to their homes. All critical facilities located in the path of a wildland fire can be affected structurally and functionally if evacuation is deemed necessary. Economic Impacts Fires can have an extensive impact on the economy of an affected area by causing thousands of dollars in damages to citizens through loss of private property. Major direct costs associated with wildland fires are incurred by the salvage and removal of downed timber and debris, restoration of the burned area, and reconstruction. Wildland fires can also have a significant impact on local agriculture. Fires will strip the land of vegetation as well as harm the soil, waterways and the land itself. Soil exposed to intense heat may lose its capability to absorb moisture and support life. Property Damage No property damage data are available for wildland fire events for Sheboygan County over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018. Estimate of Potential Dollar Losses An estimate of potential dollar losses is not needed for the wildland fire hazard, as no specific vulnerable structures or geographic areas have been identified.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-32 Coastal Hazards Description of Hazard In eastern Wisconsin, coastal hazards can be described as natural hazards occurring along the shores of Lake Michigan. The coastal hazards of concern in Wisconsin include: • Erosion of coastal bluffs, banks, beaches and near shore lake beds (including erosion from freezing and thawing of lake ice); • Flooding from upland runoff, high lake levels, high waves, and storm-induced surge (temporary water level changes); • Damage to shorelines and shoreline structures from storm waves, high waves, and ice shoves and dams; and • Drownings from rip currents. Previous Significant Hazard Occurrences According to the National Weather Service’s Milwaukee/Sullivan station, Sheboygan County has experienced an estimated 48 beach hazard statements over this period from June 1, 2014, through September 24, 2018. The National Weather Service began tabulating this information in June of 2014. In addition to beach hazard statements, Sheboygan County has experienced a number of occurrences of erosion of coastal bluffs along Lake Michigan, particularly along Lakeshore Road (formerly County Highway LS) in the northeastern part of the county. Hazard Frequency According to the National Weather Service’s Milwaukee/Sullivan station, Sheboygan County has experienced an average of nine beach hazard statements per year over the period from June 1, 2014, through September 24, 2018. Probability of Hazard Occurring in the Future According to the Resource Guide for Great Lakes Coastal Hazards in Wisconsin website (http://coastal.lic.wisc.edu/urpl999.htm), Sheboygan County is at risk for coastal erosion and coastal flooding. Sheboygan County is identified as an area at “greatest risk” for coastal erosion and at “medium risk” for coastal flooding. Based on this, as well as the beach hazard statement frequency, the probability of coastal hazards is very high for the planning area. Areas at Greatest Risk Portions of the county situated along Lake Michigan are at greatest risk for coastal hazards. Impacts from Hazard Death and Injury No data on deaths or injuries is available for significant coastal hazard events for Sheboygan County over the period from June 1, 2014, to September 24, 2018.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-33 Structures at Risk Homes and other structures located along Lake Michigan are at risk to damage from coastal hazards. This risk increases where structures are closer to the shoreline, especially over high bluffs. There are 390 parcels involving improved privately-owned structures directly adjacent to Lake Michigan in Sheboygan County. Critical Facilities There are nine critical facilities contained within parcels located along Lake Michigan in which the parcels are at risk of damage from coastal hazards. All of these critical facilities are located in the City of Sheboygan. Economic Impacts Coastal hazards can have an extensive impact on the economy of an affected area by causing thousands of dollars in damages to public property and structures, as well as to private property and houses. Estimate of Potential Dollar Losses A “worst case scenario” for potential dollar losses from coastal hazards in Sheboygan County would involve the total destruction of all private structures along Lake Michigan, which would cause a loss of $96,284,800 in private damages. There are no assessed values available for public properties. This information was obtained from the Sheboygan County database on assessed values of real property (structures and land). This only involves damage to structures themselves, and may not account for damage to personal property inside or adjacent to vulnerable structures.
HAZARD PROFILES: MAN-MADE HAZARDS Hazard profiles are intended to describe the frequency, severity and probability of future man-made hazards that could have an impact on Sheboygan County. These hazard profiles attempt to historically describe the cause and characteristics of each man-made hazard and how they have impacted the population, infrastructure and environment of the county. These potential risks are evaluated to determine their likelihood of recurrence and to gauge the impacts to the existing (or planned) population and property that could occur as a result of these hazards. Man-made hazard probabilities are represented as high, moderate or low. High probability hazards are defined as hazards that occur an average of more than six times per year; moderate probability hazards are those that occur an average of more than once per year, but less than six times per year; and low probability hazards are those hazards occur an average of less than once per year or in which occurrence data could not be found (unless substantiated by trends external to the county that point to a higher probability in the future).
Hazardous Materials Description of Hazard Hazardous materials are chemical substances, which, if released or misused, can pose a threat to the environment or health of a community. They can be found in solid, liquid or gas form, and may be released from fixed or mobile containers. Hazardous materials
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-34 come in the form of explosives, flammable and combustible substances, corrosives, poisons, and radioactive materials. These chemicals are used in industry, agriculture, medicine, research, and consumer goods throughout Sheboygan County. Under the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA), there is no specific list of hazardous materials. However, an extremely hazardous substance is defined as one of 356 substances listed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 40 CFR Part 355: Emergency Planning and Notification. Incidents which result in the release of hazardous materials generally fall into one of two categories: • A Fixed-Facility Hazardous Materials Incident is the occurrence of uncontrolled releases from a facility housed within the community. They range from flammable liquids stored or used to fuel vehicles through exotic substances to radioactive materials and biological agents. Some materials are particularly lethal even in small amounts, while others require strong concentrations with prolonged exposure periods to cause harm. • A Hazardous Materials Transportation Incident is any occurrence resulting in uncontrolled release of materials during transport that can pose risk to health, safety, and property. Hazardous materials can be transported via ground along highways and railways, through the air, or by water using boats and pipelines. Transported products include hazardous materials moving from producers to users, moving between storage and use facilities, and hazardous waste moving from generators to treatment and disposal facilities. A hazardous material spill or release can pose a risk to life, health and property. An incident can force the evacuation of a few people, a section of a facility, or an entire neighborhood or community, resulting in significant economic impact and possible property damage. Spilled material can be costly to clean up, and may render the area of the spill unusable for an extended period of time. Overall, the specific hazards created by a release are dependent on the hazardous characteristics of the material, the amount released, the location where the release occurs, and the weather and topographic conditions in the area. Previous Significant Hazard Occurrences From the information provided in Table 3.8 below, it can be determined that between January 1, 1995, and December 30, 2018, 124 hazardous materials occurrences were reported to the county or to the National Response Center.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-35 Table 3.8: Hazardous Materials Occurrences in Sheboygan County, 1995-2018 Date Hazardous Material Involved Impact on Human Welfare Deaths Injuries March-95 Fuorosilic acid and hypochlorite solution Two people treated for exposure 0 2 Building sealed off and at least one injury was March-95 Unknown sheen: acid and hydrochloric reported 0 1 April-95 Trifluralin 0 0 May-95 Polychlorinated biphenyls 0 0 June-95 A mmonia Facility evacuated 0 0 July-95 Zinc noyphthenate 0 0 July-95 Unknown sheen: unknown oil 0 0 August-95 Various chemicals One person treated for exposure 0 1 August-95 Styrene monomer 0 0 August-95 Anhydrous ammonia 0 0 March-96 Unknown substance 0 0 June-96 Acid kleen 0 0 August-96 Natural gas Approximately twenty-four homes evacuated 0 0 October-96 Diesel oil Steel workboat sank in City of Sheboygan 0 0 February-97 Formaldehyde solution 0 0 August-97 Automotive gasoline Charter boat sank in City of Sheboygan 0 0 January-98 Anhydrous ammonia 0 0 May-98 Sulfur monochloride 0 0 June-98 Unknown sheen: aluminum nitrate 0 0 June-98 Diesel oil 0 0 July-98 Unknown oil Small private plane crashed into Lake Michigan 0 0 November-98 Unknown 0 0 February-99 Formaldehyde (50% or more) 0 0 April-99 Hydraulic oil 0 0 December-99 Polychlorinated biphenyls 0 0 February-00 Polychlorinated biphenyls 0 0 April-00 Miscellaneous lubricant 0 0 April-00 Unknown sheen: unknown oil 0 0 November-00 Oil 0 0 December-00 Phenol One fatality and at least twelve exposures 1 12 November-01 Phenol formaldehyde One person treated for exposure 0 1 Approximately twelve people transported to local September-04 Formaldehyde off-gassing hospital for observation 0 12 October-04 Mixture of chlorine and nitric acid 0 0 June-05 Low levels of radiation detected 0 0 June-05 Clandestine drug lab Decontamination of law enforcement personnel 0 0 July-05 Phenol One person treated for exposure 0 1 July-05 Clandestine drug lab Decontamination of law enforcement personnel 0 0 Decontamination of law enforcement personnel and December-05 Clandestine drug lab suspect 0 0 December-00 Polychlorinated biphenyls 0 0 March-01 Polychlorinated biphenyls 0 0 March-01 Mineral oil and polychlorinated biphenyls 0 0 April-01 Mineral oil and polychlorinated biphenyls 0 0 June-01 Unknown sheen: unknown oil 0 0
August-01 Anhydrous Ammonia Material released through a faulty relief valve, resulting in one injury and evacuation of the facility 0 1 August-01 Polychlorinated biphenyls 0 0 September-01 Unknown sheen: unknown oil 0 0 November-01 Formaldehyde (50% or more) and phenol 0 0 November-01 Sulfuric acid 0 0 February-02 Unknown material 0 0 March-02 Cutting fluid 0 0 April-02 Hydraulic oil 0 0 July-02 Polychlorinated biphenyls 0 0 September-02 Automotive gasoline 0 0
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-36 Table 3.8: Hazardous Materials Occurrences in Sheboygan County, 1995 – 2018 (Continued)
Date Hazardous Material Involved Impact on Human Welfare Deaths Injuries September-02 Ethylene glycol 0 0 September-02 Polychlorinated biphenyls 0 0 October-02 Polychlorinated biphenyls 0 0 July-03 Unknown sheen: unknown oil 0 0 July-03 Diesel oil 0 0 August-03 Oil 0 0 November-03 Motor oil 0 0 December-03 Other oil 0 0 April-04 Corrosive liquid 0 0 June-04 Oil 0 0 July-04 Machine cutting fluid 0 0 November-04 Unknown sheen: unknown oil 0 0 June-05 Low levels of radiation detected 0 0 June-05 Clandestine drug lab Decontamination of law enforcement personnel 0 0 July-05 Phenol One person treated for exposure 0 1 July-05 Clandestine drug lab Decontamination of law enforcement personnel 0 0 Decontamination of law enforcement personnel and December-05 Clandestine drug lab suspect 0 0 March-06 Sulfuric Acid 0 0 August-06 Hydrogen Flouride 0 0 Material released from valve, resulting in evacuation March-07 Ammonia, Anhydrous of manufacturing facility 0 0 April-07 Sodium Chromate Solution 0 0 May-07 Sulfuric Acid 0 0 June-07 Gasoline: Automotive (Unleaded) Operator lost control of vessel resulting in one injury 0 1 June-07 Unknown Oil (Sheen) 0 0 July-07 Antifreeze 0 0 October-07 Paint, Gallon 0 0 January-08 Ammonia, Anhydrous 0 0 January-08 Unknown Oil (Sheen) 0 0 March-08 No Release Railroad derailment resulting in one fatality 1 0 September-08 Oil, Fuel: No. 2 0 0 June-09 Propane 0 0 December-09 Gasoline: Automotive (Unleaded) 0 0 May-10 Oil: Diesel 0 0 June-10 Ethylene Glycol 0 0 October-10 Oil: Diesel 0 0 January-11 Hydraulic Oil 0 0 June-11 Mercury 0 0 September-11 Unknown Material 0 0 February-12 Formaldehyde Solution 0 0 April-12 Sulfuric Acid 0 0 November-12 Formaldehyde Solution 0 0 January-13 Hydraulic Oil 0 0 Evacuation of Employees and Surrounding January-13 Anhydrous Ammonia Residents 0 0 February-13 Formaldehyde Solution 0 0 March-13 Oil, Miscellaneous Lubricating 0 0 April-13 Turbine Oil 0 0 May-13 Formalin 0 0 May-13 Hydraulic Oil 0 0 June-13 Drain Oil 0 0 July-13 Acrolein 0 0 October-13 Oil, Miscellaneous Motor 0 0 November-13 Formaldehyde Solution 0 0 March-14 Formalin 0 0 May-14 Anhydrous Ammonia 0 0
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-37 Table 3.8: Hazardous Materials Occurrences in Sheboygan County, 1995 – 2018 (Continued)
Date Hazardous Material Involved Impact on Human Welfare Deaths Injuries June-14 Urea 0 0 June-14 Ethylene Glycol 0 0 June-14 Formaldehyde Solution 0 0 September-14 Unknown 0 0 December-14 Formalin 0 0 December-14 Coal 0 0 January-15 Formalin 0 0 May-15 Machining Coolant 0 0 September-15 Formamide 0 0 October-15 Unknown 0 0 October-15 Arsenic 0 0 October-15 Formaldehyde Solution 0 0 September-16 Nitric Acid 0 0 October-16 Formalin 0 0 August-17 Formalin 0 0 April-18 Coal and Water Mixture 0 0 July-18 Formalin 0 0 TOTAL 124 Occurrences 2 33 Source: National Response Center, Oil and Chemical Spill Data Public Reports, 1995 – 2018.
Hazard Frequency Based on previous hazard occurrences as reported by the National Response Center, Sheboygan County experiences an average of five hazardous materials incidents each year. Probability of Hazard Occurring in the Future Based on the hazard frequency, Sheboygan County is considered to have a moderate probability of experiencing a hazardous materials incident in any given year. Areas at Greatest Risk The use of chemicals has increased in nearly every sector of the economy. Therefore, hazardous materials in quantities of concern can be found throughout the planning area, meaning there are no areas exempt from a possible hazardous materials incident. Despite extensive precautions taken to ensure careful handling when these materials are present, accidental releases are bound to occur. Any facility that stores one or more of the 356 listed extremely hazardous substances in excess of the listed threshold planning quantity, is required to notify the county by completing a Section 302-Emergency Planning Notification Form. Due to the presence of these substances, these facilities should be considered to be at risk for a hazardous materials release. According to the Sheboygan County Hazardous Materials Response Plan, there are 58 such facilities located throughout the county. There is a plan that covers each of these facilities; these plans are kept in the Emergency Management Office at the Sheboygan County Law Enforcement Center. In addition to these facilities, hazardous materials are also transported through the county via highway, rail, and pipelines. Some materials are being transported to facilities within the county, while others are brought through on their way to facilities located in other areas of the state or outside the state. Major highways (including major
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-38 and minor arterial roads and major collector roads), as well as active rail lines, are therefore at risk for a hazardous materials release. Impacts from Hazard Death and Injury Two deaths and 33 injuries have been reported from hazardous materials incidents for Sheboygan County over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018, according to National Response Center data. Public Health and Safety The impacts of a hazardous materials incident on public health would vary depending on the type of substance involved, the concentration, and the period of exposure. Treatment may range from that which can be done on-site to possible hospitalization. Any number of symptoms may arise from exposure to a hazardous material, and death may even result if the exposure is serious enough. In some cases of a hazardous material spill, evacuation could be necessary in order to protect human health and welfare. Evacuation may be isolated to the area in which the spill occurred, or may be widespread, necessitating the evacuation of a large area. The size of the area that would need to be evacuated would be based on the type of hazardous material involved in the spill as well as the amount. A large scale spill, or one involving an extremely dangerous material, could result in widespread panic as well. In emergencies where hazardous materials may have been released into the atmosphere, local authorities may give instructions to shelter-in-place as a way to keep people safe. Shelter-in-place is a precaution that is aimed to keep individuals safe while remaining indoors by selecting a small, interior room, with no or few windows, in which to take refuge. Shelter-in-place does not require the sealing off of an entire home or building. Structures at Risk The involvement of flammable material(s) in a release could potentially cause damage to a building if the material were to be ignited. Ignition could cause a fire or even an explosion depending on the type of material involved. The release of hazardous materials can also lead to contamination of the water supply. This could potentially affect the amount of water that would be available for public and private consumption. Critical Facilities If a spill were to occur in or near a critical facility, an evacuation of the building may be necessary in order to protect human health and welfare. Depending on the type of facility, evacuation could have several effects, including the disruption of public services. Due to the threat that hazardous materials present to public health and safety, hospitals and other healthcare facilities would be most heavily impacted by an event. Patient loads would undoubtedly increase. Healthcare facilities located outside of the affected area would likely be called upon to take additional non-critical patients from local facilities, in order to make room for those needing immediate care. Hospital personnel would likely be asked to work long shifts in order to guarantee that care is given to all
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-39 people who were affected by the event. Healthcare facilities may also be used to serve as decontamination centers if proper equipment and space are available. Emergency response teams (including fire, police and emergency medical personnel) would also be heavily impacted in the case of a hazardous materials release. Call centers would likely experience a dramatic increase in the number of calls received. During major events, communication lines can also become jammed due to heavy usage in the area. This could prevent appropriate response and slow down the clean- up process. The possibility of water contamination would place an extra burden on wastewater treatment facilities and water utilities. After the release of a hazardous material, it would be imperative for these facilities to ensure the safety of the public drinking water supply. Economic Impacts Evacuation of a facility due to a hazardous material spill could result in shutdown of the facility. This could cause major losses for the owner of the facility as well as those who are employed there, especially if a shutdown were to last for several days. If the spill is transportation-related, those who were receiving the material may be forced to change operations as the material would not arrive on time. The cost of clean-up must also be considered. Containing and removing hazardous materials from a spill site can be very costly. Decontamination of staff and emergency responders may also be necessary, which is also very costly. These costs would likely be incurred by the owner of the facility or transportation vehicle where the spill took place. However, if a responsible party cannot be identified, or if they are unable to pay, the burden of these costs may be placed on the taxpayer. Instances where an unknown substance is released or discovered may impact the county as well. In many of these situations, the county hazmat team will respond, and steps will be taken to identify the unknown substance. Response to such incidents can result in a variety of costs to the county. Estimate of Potential Dollar Losses Estimating losses as a result of a large-scale hazardous materials incident is difficult, as different factors would produce different costs. However, evaluating past occurrences of large-scale hazardous materials incidents can provide information regarding the costs associated with these events. From a regional standpoint, one of the most well-known incidents of this type occurred in Weyauwega, Wisconsin, on March 4, 1996. On this day, a large train derailment occurred due to a broken rail. Included in the derailment were seven cars containing liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), seven cars with propane and two more containing sodium hydroxide. The cars containing the LPG and propane began to leak and immediately ignited. The fire spread to a nearby feedmill and storage building. In addition, the tank containing sodium hydroxide began to leak. Soon after the fire began, the decision was made to evacuate the entire City of Weyauwega and some surrounding rural areas, displacing over 2,300 people. Residents were kept away from their homes for approximately two weeks. Overall, according to the Wisconsin Central Transportation Corporation
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-40 1998 Annual Report, estimated costs from the derailment, and the subsequent lawsuits that were filed, totaled $28 million (Burke, 1996: https://www.firehouse.com/home/news/10545436/on-the-job-wisconsin). This could be considered a “worst-case scenario” estimate of potential dollar losses for a hazard materials incident.
Communicable Diseases Description of Hazard Communicable diseases are defined as those that can be transferred from one individual to another by direct or indirect contact. Communicable diseases can affect and cause serious illness in healthy individuals of all ages; however, young children and elderly people are generally at an increased risk of being infected. Despite advances in medical technology, vaccine development, and treatment modalities, communicable diseases continue to pose an important public health problem globally and locally. The emergence of previously unknown communicable diseases, the spread of diseases beyond traditional geographic locations, the spread of diseases from animals to humans, and the re-emergence of diseases eliminated or significantly reduced are at the forefront of public health concern. Changes in demographics, travel, lifestyle, technology, land use practices, food production and distribution methods, and childcare practices contribute to the occurrence and spread of emerging infections. Bioterrorism, or the intentional spread of communicable diseases, poses an additional threat. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has categorized diseases and their causative agents into three groups, based on risk to national security: Category A Diseases/Agents: These are considered high-priority agents, and include organisms that pose a risk to national security because they: • can be easily disseminated or transmitted from person to person; • result in high mortality rates and have the potential for major public health impact; • might cause public panic and social disruption; and • require special action for public health preparedness. Category B Diseases/Agents: These are the second highest priority agents, and include those that: • are moderately easy to disseminate; • result in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality rates; and • require specific enhancements of CDC's diagnostic capacity and enhanced disease surveillance. Category C Diseases/Agents: The third highest priority agents include emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination in the future because of: • availability;
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-41 • ease of production and dissemination; and • potential for high morbidity and mortality rates and major health impact. The following list illustrates other disease or causative agents that could potentially affect the health and welfare of persons or animals in the county. Some of the agents listed below would not be considered a communicable disease; however, if any of these agents were to be released, their impact on human health could be significant.
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS: • Cholera • Glanders • Tularemia • Q Fever • Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis • Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers • Botulism • Staph Enterotoxin B • Ricin • T-2 Mycotoxins NERVE AGENTS: • Tabun • Sarin • Soman • O-ethyl-S ASPHYXIANTS: • Cyanide • Cyanogen CI • Arsine CHOKING AGENTS: • Chlorine gas • Phosgene • Tear gas • Vomiting gas • Capsaicin VESICANTS: • Mustard • Lewisite • Phosgene oxime • Bis-2-chloro
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-42
Communicable diseases discussed in this plan include: Anthrax, food and water borne disease, Plague, Smallpox, Tuberculosis, Vector Borne illness, and the following vaccine preventable illnesses: Measles, Mumps, Pertussis and Hospitalized Influenza. The following text provides a short description of each disease. Anthrax Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused Bacillus anthracis bacteria. There are three types of anthrax: skin (cutaneous), lungs (inhalation), and digestive (gastrointestinal), which are categorized by the type of symptoms that are associated with each. Humans can become infected with anthrax by handling infected animals or animal products, by inhaling anthrax spores, or by eating undercooked meat from infected animals. Anthrax is not known to spread from person-to-person. Anthrax is classified as a Category A agent, and can be used as a bioterrorism weapon. Food and Waterborne Disease Food-related disease is caused by consuming contaminated foods or beverages. Contamination may occur during growth, processing, preparation or serving. More than 250 different food-related diseases have been described. Most are infections, caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses and parasites. Others are poisonings, caused by harmful toxins or chemicals that have contaminated the food (for example, poisonous mushrooms). The various diseases have many different symptoms, so there is no one description of food-related illness. Since the disease-causing organisms or toxins enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea are common symptoms of many of these diseases. In the United States, the drinking water supply is normally safe. However, diseases that spread through water are still a very real problem. Private wells and community water supplies can become contaminated; usual sources of safe water may become unavailable in emergency situations; and lakes, streams, pools or water parks may be contaminated by humans or animals. Many of the food-related organisms can also be spread through water, although parasites cause the majority of problems. Since many of the food- and water-related organisms can be acquired through recreational or drinking water, from contact with animals or their environment, or through person-to- person contact, investigation into specific cases is necessary for identifying the cause and controlling the spread of the disease. Influenza (Flu) Influenza is a caused by viruses that attack the respiratory tract (nose, throat and lungs). It spreads via droplets produced by coughing and sneezing. It usually spreads from person-to-person, although occasionally, people become infected by touching something with the virus on it and then touching their mouth or nose. Influenza disease usually comes on suddenly, and may include: fever, headache, extreme tiredness, dry cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, and muscle aches. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. There are three different types of influenza: seasonal (epidemic), pandemic and avian. Seasonal outbreaks are typically caused by subtypes of influenza viruses that are already in existence among populations. Pandemic outbreaks are caused by new
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-43 subtypes, those that have never circulated among humans or have not been around for a long time. Each winter’s flu vaccine is formulated to protect against the A and B strains that are expected to be circulating that season. It takes several months for manufacturers to produce the vaccine, which is prepared using hens’ eggs. Some influenza strains can be treated with antiviral medications. Measles Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease that causes fever, cough, rash, sore eyes, and occasionally dangerous complications like swelling of the brain and death. Measles can spread very easily, especially among unimmunized and immuno- compromised community members. Measles spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It is so contagious that if one person has it, up to 9 out of 10 people around him or her will also become infected if they are not vaccinated. Measles vaccination is highly effective in protecting against transmission of the disease. Mumps Mumps is an acute viral illness caused by the mumps virus. The virus is spread from person to person through direct contact with respiratory secretions or saliva and through contact with contaminated objects that are capable of harboring the virus. The infection is known to cause swelling of the salivary glands along with low grade fever, headache, muscle pain, and general discomfort being other symptoms of the infection. Occasionally, mumps may cause encephalitis or be associated with the development of meningitis. Mumps can, but rarely does, cause deafness or death. Those who have been diagnosed with the disease previously or have been vaccinated are generally immune to infection. Mumps is a Category B agent. Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory disease. It is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Pertussis is known for uncontrollable, violent coughing which often makes it hard to breathe. After cough fits, someone with pertussis often needs to take deep breaths, which result in a “whooping” sound. Pertussis can affect people of all ages, but can be very serious, even deadly, for babies less than a year old. Pertussis spreads from person to person. People with pertussis usually spread the disease to another person by coughing or sneezing or when spending a lot of time near one another in which they share breathing space.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-44 Plague Plague is a bacterial disease of rodents that can be spread to humans and other animals by infected fleas. Plague has three forms: bubonic plague (infection of the lymph glands), septicemia plague (infection of the blood), and pneumonic plague (infection of the lungs). Humans can become infected with plague by the bites of infected fleas, direct contact with tissues or body fluids of a plague-infected animal, by inhaling airborne droplets from infected persons or animals, or by laboratory exposure to plague bacteria. Only pneumonic plague can spread from person to person. Plague is considered a Category A agent because infection can occur by inhaling aerosolized bacteria released in a bioterrorism attack. Smallpox Smallpox is caused by the variola virus, and is spread easily from person to person, generally by direct and fairly prolonged face-to-face contact. Smallpox can also be spread through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated objects or can be carried through the air in enclosed spaces. Humans are the only natural hosts, and smallpox is not known to be transmitted by insects or animals. Smallpox is known to have a significantly high mortality rate. There is no specific treatment for smallpox, and the only prevention is vaccination. To date, the disease has been eradicated from the planet after a successful worldwide vaccination program. The last case of smallpox in the United States was in 1949, and the last naturally-occurring case in the world was in Somalia in 1977. However, smallpox is considered a Category A disease, and is considered a major threat to the health of U.S. residents, especially those who have not been vaccinated. Tuberculosis (TB) Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and is spread from person-to-person through the air. TB usually affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body, such as the brain, kidneys or spine. TB bacteria enter the air when a person with TB of the lungs or throat coughs or sneezes. Tuberculosis is considered a Category A agent. When a person inhales air that contains TB bacteria, they may become infected but will not feel sick or have any symptoms and cannot spread the bacteria to others. This is often termed latent TB infection (LTBI). However, in some post-infection cases, the bacteria become active and cause TB disease. General symptoms of TB disease include feeling sick or weak, weight loss, fever and night sweats. The symptoms of TB of the lungs include coughing, chest pain, and coughing up blood. TB infection is usually treated with 9 months of one antibiotic, and TB disease is generally treated with multiple antibiotics for a period of 6 months or longer. Vector Borne Illness Over the last 60 years, Wisconsin’s weather has generally been getting warmer and wetter. As our climate is projected to continue changing, there will be increased impact on the behaviors and distribution of vectors (mosquitoes and ticks). A vector is a pathogen’s temporary home until it transmits disease between the original host and the end host (humans). Vectors can be especially sensitive to temperature changes.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-45 Tickborne bacterial illnesses include Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, and ehrlichiosis. Lyme disease is the most common tickborne disease and is primarily found in the northwestern part of Wisconsin, but cases occur in all counties. Common symptoms of these tickborne diseases include fever, chills, muscle and joint aches, tiredness, headache, redness or rash at the bite location, and swollen lymph nodes. Arboviruses are viruses transmitted by arthropods, such as mosquitoes and ticks. In Wisconsin, the most commonly reported arboviral diseases are West Nile virus and La Crosse encephalitis infections, and the less common reported arboviral illnesses are Jamestown Canyon and Powassan virus infections. Symptoms of arboviral diseases include fever, headache, body aches, joint pain, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and lethargy. In the case of severe arboviral infections, symptoms can include encephalitis (swelling of the brain), seizures, coma, paralysis, and meningoencephalitis (swelling of the meninges). Previous Significant Hazard Occurrences The Wisconsin Department of Health Services publishes Public Health Profiles on an annual basis in order to provide concise health and demographic information about each county in Wisconsin. Table 3.9 provides communicable disease counts for Sheboygan County on the illnesses noted above that were reported through the Wisconsin Electronic Disease Surveillance System (WEDSS) between 2010 and 2018. Table 3.9: Communicable Diseases Occurrences (Sheboygan County), 2010-2018 Disease Food & Water Vector Hospitalized Vaccine Year Borne Borne Tuberculosis Influenza Preventable 2010 67 22 0 5 5 2011 58 15 1 10 6 2012 63 6 5 17 66 2013 57 2 8 38 13 2014 69 1 2 75 2 2015 68 3 1 44 6 2016 70 9 0 34 14 2017 114 9 0 112 16 2018 82 15 3 116 5 Total 648 82 20 451 133
Source: Wisconsin Electronic Disease Surveillance System (WEDSS, for all years listed). Because minor cases of influenza are often self-diagnosed and self-treated, it is impossible to know the exact number of cases that occur in Sheboygan County in any given year. The same is true for food and water borne disease. However, the WEDSS data that are available do provide baseline information on those cases that are confirmed through laboratory or clinical evidence. The numbers in Table 3.9 are likely lower than the numbers that actually occur. There were no reported cases of anthrax, plague, or smallpox infection in Sheboygan County between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2018.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-46 Hazard Frequency Anthrax In 2001, Anthrax was deliberately spread through the postal system by sending letters with powder containing anthrax. Three main incidents were reported by the national media in which anthrax spores, in the form of a white powder, were circulated in the mail system. The first incident involved a tabloid newspaper reporter in Boca Raton, Florida, who eventually passed away after exposure to the spores. A mailroom employee working in the same building as the reporter was also diagnosed with inhalation anthrax. Shortly thereafter, two additional letters containing anthrax spores were delivered to a media mogul in New York City and a high profile politician in Washington, D.C. Postal workers in facilities that had handled the letters began to test positive for anthrax as well. In total, 22 cases of anthrax were reported, with 11 being inhalation anthrax and 11 being cutaneous anthrax. Outside of terrorist attacks, natural occurrences of anthrax in the United States are very rare. The CDC estimates that only one to two incidences of cutaneous anthrax occur naturally every year, while gastrointestinal and inhalation anthrax are extremely rare. Food and Waterborne Disease The CDC estimates that annual incidences of new Hepatitis A infections in the United States has been on the decline since 2001, when 93,000 new cases were reported, while the number of new cases has remained fairly stable. This is likely due to the more recent availability of a vaccination for Hepatitis A. When all reportable enteric illnesses are considered together, Sheboygan County has experienced a slight increase in rates of food and waterborne illness occurring at the local level. Between 2010 and 2018, there has been a total increase of approximately 20-30 more enteric cases identified per year, with a 3 percent increase in cases occurring between 2016 and 2017. Because minor cases of food and waterborne illness are often self-diagnosed and self- treated, it is impossible to know the exact number of cases that occur in Sheboygan County in any given year. However, the WEDSS data available does provide baseline information on those cases that are confirmed through laboratory or clinical evidence. Influenza Types A and B influenza viruses cause epidemics of disease almost every winter. In the United States, these epidemics cause illness in 10 to 20 percent of the population, and are associated with an average of 20,000 deaths and 114,000 hospitalizations per year. Annual influenza vaccination can prevent illness from A and B influenza. In 2017, Wisconsin had the highest number of flu cases on record, with 20,208 cases. Influenza vaccination data for the 2017-2018 flu season indicates that 55 percent of Sheboygan County residents were vaccinated against influenza. This is slightly above the national average, though it falls short of the Healthy People 2020 goal of a 70 percent vaccination rate. Mumps From 2015 to 2017, the U.S. saw a range of different mumps outbreaks in various settings and sizes. Cases started to increase in late 2015. From January 2016 to June 2017, health departments reported 150 outbreaks (9,200 cases), including households, schools,
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-47 universities, athletics teams and facilities, church groups, workplaces, and large parties and events. Most Midwestern states (including Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri and Kansas) have reported infections among their residents. In Wisconsin, since November 2016, there have been 86 confirmed mumps cases, including 23 associated with UW Platteville, seven associated with Marquette University, and nine associated with UW La Crosse, affecting a total of 20 Wisconsin counties. In Sheboygan County, there were three cases of mumps reported between 2010 and 2018. These cases were associated with travel or as contacts to outbreaks occurring within universities. Measles The most recent report of measles in Sheboygan County occurred in 2008 in an unvaccinated child. Since then, there have been no other confirmed cases within the county. It is important to note that beginning in January of 2019, the United States has been experiencing an outbreak of measles, with more than 1,000 cases reported across the country. This outbreak is being experienced by many states in the Midwest, and may have an impact on communities in Wisconsin. Plague In the United States, human plague cases average about 10 to 15 per year. In North America, plague is found from the Pacific Coast eastward to the western Great Plains, and from the British Columbia and Alberta, Canada, southward to Mexico. Most of the human cases in the U.S. occur in two regions: (1) portions of northern New Mexico, northern Arizona and southern Colorado; and (2) California, southern Oregon, and far western Nevada. Smallpox There have been no recorded outbreaks of smallpox since 1980, when the disease was declared eradicated following worldwide vaccination programs. Tuberculosis (TB) The number of reported cases of TB in the United States has been on the decline since the early 1990s. A total of 9,105 TB cases (a rate of 2.8 cases per 100,000 persons) was reported in the United States in 2017. This is a decrease from the number of cases reported in 2016, and is the lowest case count on record in the United States. The case rate of 2.8 per 100,000 persons is a 2.3 percent decrease from 2016. Sheboygan County is considered a low-risk community for active TB. However, it is important to note that in 2013, the county was home to an outbreak of multidrug resistant tuberculosis, which resulted in 13 cases of active TB disease, 40 cases of latent TB Infection (LTBI), and the need for TB screening within local schools and businesses, with over 700 community members tested for the disease after exposure. Vector Borne Illness The CDC reports that cases of vector-borne illness have tripled in the US from 2004 to 2016, with nine new pathogens spread by mosquitoes and ticks having been discovered or introduced during that same time period. In Wisconsin in 2016, there were over 3,000 reports of vector-borne illness occurring within the state. Most cases identified in Wisconsin are West Nile Virus and Lyme Disease. In Sheboygan County,
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-48 between 2010 and 2018, there was one case of West Nile Virus and 77 cases of Lyme Disease reported through the WEDSS. Based on previous hazard occurrences (as reported by the Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services), Sheboygan County has experienced a significant increase in Lyme Disease incidents each year, with approximately nine cases occurring annually between 2010 and 2018 compared with five cases per year occurring between 2000 and 2009. Probability of Hazard Occurring in the Future As there have been no natural occurrences of anthrax, plague, or smallpox in the State of Wisconsin since 1990, the probability that an outbreak of any of these diseases will occur is low. However, the CDC has recognized all of these diseases as potential weapons that could be used in a terrorist attack. Although a terrorist attack has not occurred to date in Wisconsin, the nature of these acts make them very unpredictable. Sheboygan County’s relatively low population density and the lack of a regularly used venue which attracts large crowds make it unlikely that a terrorist attack of this type will take place in the planning area. The large-scale outbreak of measles in the United States in 2019 must be taken into consideration when determining the probability of a local outbreak. Attention must be brought to this disease, and the CDC and local health departments have begun a major campaign to educate people about the opportunity to get vaccinated in order to avoid infection. Therefore, the availability of a vaccination, and the effort of healthcare workers to promote it, also must be considerations in determining the probability of a local outbreak. Because reports of communicable disease (CD) have continued to occur within Sheboygan County between 2010 and 2018, it is highly probable that future occurrences will be reported in the county. Sheboygan County WEDSS data shows that reports of CD within the county have generally continued to increase since 2014. This is likely due to changes in reporting requirements and increases in global mobility of residents. Based on the hazard frequency, Sheboygan County is considered to have a high probability of experiencing a communicable disease occurrence in any given year. Areas at Greatest Risk In the case of a terrorist attack involving the release of a biological agent, it is likely that the event would take place in an area that attracts large crowds of people. The other communicable diseases discussed in this section have little geographic affiliation. Locations with dense populations will be at higher risk, as there are more people to spread the disease. Natural features (such as ponds, forests, and wetlands) are likely higher risk areas for insects that transmit diseases such as West Nile Virus and Lyme Disease. Hospitals and other facilities may also be more conducive to the transmission of infection. However, these diseases can occur anywhere, and therefore should be planned for accordingly. Impacts from Hazard Death and Injury A number of deaths have occurred due to communicable diseases in Sheboygan County. Over the decade from 2005 to 2015, there was a total of 184 deaths associated
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-49 with infectious or parasitic diseases that occurred within the county, with an average of nearly 17 deaths occurring each year during that period. Several injuries occurred due to communicable diseases in Sheboygan County over that period as well, although it is difficult to obtain a good estimate of the number of such injuries. Public Health and Safety The major impacts of a communicable disease outbreak on public health have been discussed throughout this section of the plan. In addition to the information already provided, a number of other public health issues could be related to a communicable disease outbreak, especially in the event of a biological terrorist attack. Primarily, people may experience anxiety or high levels of stress during such an event, especially individuals and family members directly affected and personnel that are needed to respond to such an incident. Structures at Risk There would be little impact on buildings in the event of a communicable disease outbreak. The majority of communicable diseases discussed in this section would have little impact on structures in the planning area. However in the event that a Category A agent was released as part of a terrorist attack, some consequences may result. Primarily, transportation services would be heavily impacted. Mass transit vehicles (such as buses and airplanes) may be used to move people away from danger or to transport large quantities of people to healthcare facilities. In addition, roads, railways and airlines in the affected area may be closed down for security purposes. Critical Facilities Undoubtedly, the primary impact on critical facilities would be on hospitals and other healthcare facilities, including doctor’s offices, clinics, and urgent care facilities. However, the impact will vary depending on the number of people affected by the outbreak and the severity of the disease in question. An outbreak of a Category A agent (such as anthrax) would certainly have a greater impact than an increase in the number of people that are already affected by the flu every year, regardless of the number of people that are infected. In the case of a terrorist attack, in which a category A agent was released, other emergency responders would be impacted. Police and fire personnel would be called upon to provide security and maintain order during an event. Emergency medical personnel would be needed to treat people on site and to transport those who were severely affected to healthcare facilities. Schools may be used as shelters for people who must evacuate an affected area, or as treatment centers. Economic Impacts The economic impacts associated with a communicable disease outbreak will vary depending on the severity of the event. In a best case scenario, only a small number of people will be affected. In this situation, costs incurred will be primarily associated with the healthcare costs of the affected individuals. A worst case scenario would be a mass casualty event. An event such as this could result in costs for decontamination, security, transportation (including air and land transport to and from healthcare facilities), hazardous materials waste, and healthcare. In addition, some businesses may
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-50 be forced to shut down for security purposes, and people may be forced to evacuate an area if their health is in danger. Locally, the 2013 multidrug resistant tuberculosis outbreak resulted in a petition and receipt of $4.6 million appropriated to Sheboygan County local government through the state biennial budget to assist in tuberculosis treatment, contact investigation and isolation/quarantine measures. Communicable disease outbreaks can be quite costly to communities. Estimate of Potential Dollar Losses This estimate is not needed, as no vulnerable structures or geographic areas have been identified.
Water Supply Contamination Description of Hazard Both water contamination threats and water contamination incidents can be used to interrupt the delivery of safe water to a population, interrupt fire protection, create public panic, or cause disease or death in a population. A water contamination threat occurs when the introduction of a contaminant into the water system is threatened, claimed or suggested by evidence. A water contamination incident occurs when a point or non-point source pollutant successfully enters the public groundwater supply and/or surface water supplies. Both threats and incidents of water contamination can have several consequences, including: ● Creating an adverse impact on public health; ● Disrupting system operations and interrupting the supply of safe drinking water; ● Causing physical damage to system infrastructure; ● Reducing public confidence in the water supply; and ● Long-term denial of water and the cost of remediation and replacement. Only a few contaminants have the potential to produce widespread death or disease in a population, including pathogens, biotoxins, and a few highly toxic chemicals that may remain stable in water long enough to adversely impact public health. A larger group of contaminants could cause localized death or disease, while hundreds of other contaminants could potentially disrupt service or undermine consumer confidence, but would not result in death or disease. Table 3.10 lists contaminant classes that would potentially have an adverse impact if introduced into the drinking water supply, and also includes specific examples and sources of these contaminants. Please note that this is not a complete list of possible contaminants; rather, it is intended to illustrate relevant contaminant classes. There may be many other substances that could be used to contaminate the water supply. The causes of water contamination are numerous, and range from failing septic systems, leaking underground storage tanks, intentional terrorist attacks, runoff of harmful pollutants, and the simple improper use of household chemicals. Natural hazards (such as flooding) may lead to contamination of ground and surface waters. Agricultural land uses may also pose a threat to the public water supply, as runoff may contain harmful pesticides, insecticides, fertilizers and manure.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-51 Table 3.10: Classes of Potential Water Contaminants Class Examples Sources Limited Access Microbiological Contaminants E. Coli , anthrax, brucellosis, Burkholderia Naturally occurring, microbiological Yes (for select Bacteria bacteria, Campylobacter bacteria, Salmonella laboratories, state-sponsored agents) typhi (typhoid fever), Francisella tularensis programs Naturally occurring, microbiological Caliciviruses, Enterovirususe, Hepatitis A and E, Yes (for select Viruses laboratories, state-sponsored Variola, VEE virus agents) programs Cryptosporidium parvum, Entamoeba histolytica, Naturally occurring, microbiological Parasites No Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis) laboratories Chemical Contaminants - Inorganic Corrosives and Toilet bowl cleaners, tree-root dissolver, drain Retail, industry No caustics cleaners Cyanide salts of Sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, amygdalin, Supplier, industry Yes cyanogenics cyanogen chloride, ferricyanide salts Mercury (and mercury salts), lead (and lead salts), Metals osmium, and complexes (including those of iron, Industry, supplier, laboratory Yes cobalt, and copper) Nonmetal Aresnate, arenite, selenite salts, organoarsenic, Some retail, industry, supplier, oxyanions, organo- Yes organoselenium compounds laboratory nonmetals Chemical Contaminants - Organic Sodium triflouroacetate (rat poison), Fluorinate organics Supplier, industry, laboratory Yes fluoroalcohols, fluorinated surficants Hydrocarbons and ther oxygenated Paint thinners, gasoline, kerosene, alcohols, ethers, Retail, industry, laboratory, supplier No and/or halogenated halohydrocarbons derivatives Organophosphates, chlorinated organics, Insecticides Retail, industry, supplier Yes carbamates, some alkaloids Malodorous, Laboratory, supplier, police supply, noxious, foul-tasting Thiols, amines, inorganic esters Yes military depot chemicals Organics, water- Acetone, methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze), Retail, industry, supplier, laboratory No miscible phenols, detergents Pesticides (other Retail, industry, agriculture, Herbicides, rodenticides Yes than insecticides) laboratory Cardiac glycosides, some alkaloids, antineoplastic Laboratory, supplier, pharmacy, Pharmaceuticals Yes chemotherapies, anticoagulants, illicit drugs natural stores Chemical Warfare Agents Schedule 1 Organophosphate nerve agents (sarin, tabun, VX), Suppliers, military depots, some Yes Chemical Weapons vesicants (nitrogen and sulfur mustards), lewisite laboratories Biotoxins Biotoxins from bacteria, plants, fungi, protists, Laboratory, supplier, pharmacy, Biologically defensive poisons in some marine and terrestrial natural source, state-sponsored Yes produced weapons animals - this category would include ricin, programs saxitoxin, botulinum toxins, and microcystins Radiological Contaminants These may come from medical devices and industrial irradiators including both the metals and Laboratory, state sources, waste Radionuclides Yes salts - this category does not include nuclear, facilities thermonuclear, or neutron bombs Source: “Response Protocol Toolbox: Planning for and Responding to Drinking Water Contamination Threats and Incidents,” USEPA, 2004; and Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, 2013.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-52 Previous Significant Hazard Occurrences Sheboygan County emergency management officials recognize that previous incidents of water contamination have occurred in the planning area; however, due to the sensitive nature of this information, these incidents are to remain confidential. Hazard Frequency There is no reportable record of water supply contamination for Sheboygan County in order to develop a hazard frequency. Probability of Hazard Occurring in the Future It is likely that there will be an occurrence of water supply contamination in Sheboygan County in the future. However, it is not possible to predict the nature and scale of these incidents. Sheboygan County is considered to have a low probability of experiencing a water supply contamination occurrence in any given year. Areas at Greatest Risk Areas at greatest risk for intentional contamination would be those areas served by public water supply systems. These systems provide water for human consumption to the public through piped or other constructed conveyances. Table 3.11 shows all of the municipal or community public water supply systems that serve areas in Sheboygan County, as well as the population size they serve. Ground and surface water supplies and wells that are located near agricultural land uses and construction sites may also be at greater risk of contamination from nonpoint source pollution contained in runoff. In addition, water supplies located within floodplains are at greater risk of contamination during a flood event.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-53 Table 3.11: Public Water Supply Systems in Sheboygan County Facility Location Served 2018 Population1 Adell Waterworks Village of Adell 507 Cascade Waterworks Village of Cascade 689 Cedar Grove Waterworks Village of Cedar Grove 2,104 Elkhart Lake Waterworks Village of Elkhart Lake 1,002 Glenbeulah Waterworks Village of Glenbeulah 454 Kettle Moraine Correctional Institution2 Facility proper 1,178 Kohler Waterworks3 Village of Kohler 2,105 Oostburg Waterworks Village of Oostburg 2,976 Plymouth Waterworks City of Plym outh 8,686 Random Lake Waterworks Village of Random Lake 1,567 Rocky Knoll Health Care Facility2 Facility proper 149 Sheboygan Falls Utilities3 City of Sheboygan Falls 7,951 Sheboygan Town Waterworks Town of Sheboygan 7,706 Sheboygan Water Utilities City of Sheboygan 48,846 Waldo Waterworks Village of Waldo 494 1Unless otherwise noted, most population figures come from 2018 Wisconsin Department of Administration Demographic Services Center population estimates for the noted municipality. It should be noted that the entire population of a municipality may not be served by municipal water. 2Population in the two institutions cited came from websites from those respective institutions. 3 Source water is from the City of Sheboygan Water Utilities. Source: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2019; Wisconsin Department of Administration, Demographic Services Center, 2018; Wisconsin Department of Corrections, 2018; Sheboygan County, 2019; and Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, 2019. Impacts from Hazard Death and Injury No data on deaths or injuries is available for water supply contamination occurrences for Sheboygan County over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018. Structures at Risk There would be little impact on buildings in the event of a water supply contamination occurrence. The primary impact of a water supply contamination would be on the public water supply systems. If the public water supply were to become contaminated, the amount of water available to the public would be limited.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-54 Critical Facilities The critical facility type that would be primarily impacted would be public water supply systems. The impact of a water contamination occurrence on the county’s critical facilities would be dependent upon the geographic extent of the event, the time required to eliminate any risk, and the type and concentration of the contaminant involved. At best, the contamination could be dealt with quickly without shutting off the water supply, and therefore, the impact of the event would not be felt. However, if the contamination were severe, these facilities may be forced to operate without water. This would have the most impact on hospitals and other medical facilities, schools, and other emergency operations centers. In addition to the loss of water supply, hospitals, medical facilities, and other emergency response centers will likely experience increased workloads if contaminated water reaches the public. Economic Impacts In any water supply contamination occurrence, the largest economic costs would be associated with alleviating the threat posed to the public and the environment. Estimate of Potential Dollar Losses Costs to make affected water supplies safe for drinking after a contamination incident would vary greatly depending on how many facilities are affected, how much of the supply infrastructure is affected, and the type of contaminant.
Violence Description of Hazard Violence includes civil disturbances, workplace and school violence, and jail disturbances. Civil disorder in general can be described as incidents intended to disrupt a community to the degree that law enforcement intervention is required to maintain public safety. Most of these incidents are associated with controversial political, judicial or economic issues. Previous Significant Hazard Occurrences According to the Sheboygan County Hazard Analysis, the county has not experienced any major incidents of violence up to this point. Labor strikes have occurred in the past, but have been generally peaceful and lacking in hostile actions. There have also been several prank bomb threats that have been called in to schools and businesses. In each incident, no bombs were found, but objects that were explosive in nature were discovered in some cases. In addition, threats against management officials and others in high ranking positions have been made but never carried out. Sheboygan County has a medium security prison located within its boundaries. Over the years, overcrowding of inmates and a shortage of trained, experienced guards has increased the potential for disturbances, riots and escapes. Hazard Frequency There have been no major incidents of violence (including civil disturbances, workplace and school violence, and jail disturbances) reported in Sheboygan County in the past 24 years. Several generally peaceful labor strikes have occurred in the past at locations such as the Kohler Company, Die Cast, Lawn Boy and Hayssen.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-55 Probability of Hazard Occurring in the Future The probability of a significant violence event occurring is low for Sheboygan County. Areas at Greatest Risk Civil disturbances, such as those resulting from labor strikes or protests, are more likely to occur in areas with larger populations or where large employers are located. School violence could potentially occur at any of the educational facilities located within the county. Jail disturbances could occur at the Sheboygan County Jail or the Kettle Moraine Correctional Institution. Impacts from Hazard Death and Injury No data on deaths or injuries is available for significant violence occurrences for Sheboygan County over the last 24 years from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2018. Structures at Risk In most cases, there would be little impact on buildings in the event of an outbreak of violence in the county. However, it is possible that a riot could result in fires being set, which could impact buildings located in the vicinity of the unrest. Furthermore, during periods of large-scale disorder, crime generally increases. One ramification of this could be break-ins and robberies at businesses and homes, causing structural damage such as damaged windows and doors. The Sheboygan County Hazard Analysis does note that several fake bomb threats have been called in at various times in the past. If an actual bomb were to be used in an attack, the building in which it was located, as well as surrounding buildings, would be impacted upon detonation. Critical Facilities In most cases, there would be little impact to critical facilities in the event of an outbreak of violence, unless the act took place directly in or around the facility itself. Many critical facilities are places of business or provide services to the public, and therefore employ several people. As a result, it is possible that acts of workplace violence could impact the facility, causing disturbances in function, injuries to employees, and even structural damage, particularly if explosives or fires are involved. Other acts of violence (such as riots and protests) could have similar impacts on other critical facilities, such as schools, prisons and jails. Economic Impacts Businesses could potentially be impacted by acts of violence if they were forced to shut down for any period of time. Estimate of Potential Dollar Losses This estimate is not needed, as no specific vulnerable structures or geographic areas have been identified.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-56 Cybersecurity
Description of Hazard Cyberattacks can be described as “the hostile use of information technology by individuals or groups for the purpose of financial gain or as an action to further a social or political agenda.” Cyberattacks include “the use of information technology to threaten, exchange information and/or organize and execute attacks against networks, computer systems and infrastructure.” Common examples of cyberattacks “include, but are not limited to, unauthorized access to networks, infection of vulnerable systems by computer viruses, website defacing, and denial of service attacks.” Cyberattacks are man-made hazards “which can affect demographically and geographically diverse populations.” Previous Significant Hazard Occurrences There have been no known reported cyberattacks that have been isolated to Sheboygan County. However, there have been cyberattacks on public safety and government agencies, medical centers and educational institutions across Wisconsin in recent years, some of which took place near Sheboygan County. In the past decade, “there has been an increase in cyberattacks directed at power generation and oil companies. These attacks have used a variety of techniques, none of which are very advanced or hard to develop and manage. Although evidence suggests the growing trend in these attacks appears to target individual entities instead of primary infrastructure, a mass coordinated attack cannot be discounted.” Hazard Frequency The frequency of cyberattacks specific to Sheboygan County is currently unknown. Wisconsin Emergency Management (WEM) has reported out on statewide internet crime based on FBI reports; in 2015, there were over 3,400 victims of cybercrime who collectively lost over $10 million, some of whom presumably resided in Sheboygan County. The FBI data are classified by victim demographics, crime type, type of loss, subject count and subject location. Probability of Hazard Occurring in the Future While the history of this hazard has involved a minimal number of occurrences, the number of potential targets that could be attacked and number of ways that cyberattacks could occur are always increasing. Since information technology is used everywhere today, the probability of this hazard occurring in the future is high. Areas at Greatest Risk Common targets of cyberattacks can include public safety and government agencies, medical centers and educational institutions. Other targets can include power generation and oil companies. Financial institutions (such as banks and credit unions) can be attacked for financial gain. Cyberattacks can also be directed at business, research or industrial targets for purposes of industrial espionage. In addition, cyberattacks can be directed at the electoral infrastructure, particularly in the case of key nationwide elections. Vulnerable individual citizens can also be the victims of
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 3-57 various internet crimes. In other words, there are virtually no sectors of society that are immune to potential cyberattacks. Impacts from Hazard Death and Injury Deaths and injuries are not expected to occur directly from cyberattacks. However, longer response times (or the ability to respond at all) to incidents could become problematic, making some injuries more critical than they might have been with more satisfactory response times, and leading to some fatalities in cases where a person could have been saved. Cyberattacks could impact a variety of assets that are needed to respond in a timely and adequate manner to individuals who are injured during a cyberattack. In addition, cyberattacks could indirectly lead to injuries and possible deaths in circumstances in which infrastructure that relies on electrical power (such as traffic signals) is unable to function, leading to unnecessary crashes. Structures at Risk Damage to structures is not expected to occur directly from cyberattacks. However, when structural damage does occur (due to fires and other hazards), longer response times (or the ability to respond at all) could become problematic, making structural damage more significant than it might have been with more satisfactory response times. Cyberattacks could impact certain assets that respond to threats to structures, including communications, water, fire and rescue, and disaster response. Critical Facilities A variety of critical facilities identified in this plan could be impacted by cyberattacks, including communications, water, electric, government, fire and rescue, hospitals and clinics, natural gas, law enforcement, military installations, the airport, and disaster response. Other critical facilities that could potentially be impacted by cyberattacks include schools and sewage treatment plants. Economic Impacts Losses due to deaths and injuries, damage to structures, and costs to critical facilities that were exacerbated by the cyberattack could be significant. This impacts could affect the larger economy in Sheboygan County, and could possibly extend to a broader region. Damage to several sectors of the economy could require state and/or federal government assistance. Individuals can also suffer economic damage from cyberattacks to their bank accounts or other financial assets. Estimate of Potential Dollar Losses This estimate is not needed, as no specific vulnerable structures or geographic areas have been identified. (Note: Wisconsin Emergency Management’s 2016 Threat and Hazard Identification Risk Assessment (THIRA) and State Preparedness Report (SPR) and its discussion regarding Cyber Incidents was used to prepare this section).
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3-69 CHAPTER 4 - MITIGATION STRATEGY
INTRODUCTION As defined by the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, mitigation is a "sustained action that reduces or eliminates long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects." Mitigation planning is the systematic process of learning about the hazards that can affect the planning area, setting clear goals, identifying appropriate actions, and following through with an effective mitigation strategy. Mitigation encourages long-term reduction of hazard vulnerability, and can reduce the enormous cost of disasters to the government and property owners. Mitigation can also protect critical community facilities and infrastructure; reduce exposure to liability; and minimize community disruption. The mitigation strategy outlines the general goals to be achieved through the implementation of the Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan. From the identified hazard mitigation goals, a mitigation strategy was developed to identify specific projects and activities that could help achieve the county’s hazard mitigation goals in order to make the county and its communities safer and better prepared for disasters. This chapter includes: a discussion of the mitigation efforts that are currently underway; the county’s plan to implement the mitigation actions; an assessment of the county’s pre- and post-disaster hazard management policies, programs and capability to mitigate hazards; and an evaluation of the current and potential sources of federal, state and private funding to implement mitigation activities.
MITIGATION GOALS The following mitigation goals are intended to be used by public officials and emergency response personnel as general guidelines to mitigate the hazards identified in Chapter 3. These goals are broad in order to apply to all of the hazards addressed in the plan. Goal #1: Implement policies and programs designed to reduce or eliminate the impacts of hazards on people and property. Goal #2: Collect and utilize data needed to improve policy making and the identification of appropriate mitigation projects. Goal #3: Build and support local capacity and commitment to continuously lessen the impacts of hazards on people and property. Goal #4: Enhance enforcement measures to reduce the impacts of hazards on people and property. Goal #5: Enhance the use of natural resource protection measures as a means to reduce the impacts of hazards on people and property. Goal #6: Obtain and maximize additional resources necessary to reduce the impact of hazards on people and property. Goal #7: Enhance training, education and outreach efforts that describe potential effects of hazards and ways to reduce their impact.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-1 Goal #8: Promote intergovernmental coordination and cooperation in planning for and implementing hazard mitigation strategies.
MITIGATION TECHNIQUES To establish a framework for the development of mitigation strategies, the following mitigation techniques were considered. The six mitigation categories described below served as the basis in formulating mitigation strategies for each of the hazards addressed in Chapter 3 of this plan.
Prevention Prevention activities are intended to keep hazard-related problems from getting worse. They are particularly effective in limiting the county’s and each community’s future vulnerability, especially in areas where development has not occurred or capital improvements have not been substantial. Examples of prevention activities include: • Planning and zoning; • Hazard mapping; • Building codes; • Studies/data collection and analysis; • Open space preservation; • Floodplain regulations; • Stormwater management; • Drainage system maintenance; • Capital improvements programming; and • Riverine setbacks.
Property Protection Property protection measures are intended to enable structures to better withstand hazard events, remove structures from hazardous locations, or provide insurance to cover potential losses. Examples include: • Acquisition; • Relocation; • Building elevation; • Critical facilities protection or “hardening;” • Retrofitting (i.e., wind proofing, flood proofing, seismic design standards, etc.); • Insurance; and • Safe room construction.
Natural Resource Protection Natural resource protection activities reduce the impact of hazards by preserving or restoring the function of environmental systems. In some cases, natural systems may include high hazard areas, such as floodplains, areas of steep slope or barrier islands. Thus, natural resource protection measures can serve the dual purpose of protecting
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-2 lives and property while enhancing environmental goals, such as improved water quality or recreational opportunities. Examples include: • Floodplain protection; • Riparian buffers; • Fire resistant landscaping; • Best management practices; • Fuel breaks; • Erosion and sediment control; • Wetland preservation and restoration; • Habitat preservation; and • Slope stabilization.
Structural Projects Structural mitigation projects are intended to lessen the impact of a hazard by physically modifying the environment. They are usually designed by engineers and managed or maintained by public works staff. Examples include: • Reservoirs; • Levees/dikes/floodwalls; • Diversions/Detention/Retention; • Channel modification; and • Storm sewer construction.
Emergency Services Although not typically considered a “mitigation technique,” emergency services can significantly reduce injuries and loss of life associated with hazards. These actions are typically taken immediately prior to, during, or in response to a hazard event. Examples include: • Warning systems; • Search and rescue; • Evacuation planning and management; and • Flood “fighting” techniques.
Public Information and Awareness Public information and awareness activities are used to advise residents, business owners, potential property buyers, visitors, and government officials about hazards, hazardous areas and mitigation techniques they can use to protect themselves and their property. Measures used to educate and inform the public include: • Outreach and education; • Speaker series and demonstration events; • Real estate disclosure; and • Training.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-3 MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Mitigation actions form the core of the mitigation plan. Table 4.1 lists the mitigation strategies developed for Sheboygan County, while Table 4.2 lists the mitigation strategies developed for the municipalities in the county. Each table lists the hazard type, associated mitigation actions, the estimated costs of each project (where known), responsible agencies, and the project timetable. Potential funding sources available for mitigation actions are listed in a separate section following the tables. The identified actions and projects aim to reduce the effects of hazards on the population, services, and existing and new buildings and infrastructure. The county Emergency Management staff will track the implementation of mitigation actions over time. Information on completed or revised actions will be documented in future five-year updates of the county hazard mitigation plan.
Prioritization Process In developing this mitigation strategy, members of the plan steering committee considered, from their perspective, the various proposed action items, and came to consensus as to whether each strategy would be ranked “high,” “medium” or “low,” based on need, funding, cost-benefit analysis, and anticipated political support.
Cost-Benefit Review In developing this mitigation strategy, members of the plan steering committee considered, from their perspective, the costs and benefits of the various proposed action items. This cost-benefit review was a factor in the prioritization process. Full-blown cost-benefit calculations were not prepared for each action item included in the plan. The cost effectiveness of each action item will be addressed and completed through the project development process.
COMPLETED MITIGATION ACTIONS Since the preparation of the 2012 hazard mitigation plan for Sheboygan County, some of mitigation actions identified in the action plan have been completed. The following lists those actions that have been completed in Sheboygan County. • Creation of a hardened emergency communication facility. • Collection of “building footprints” for all structures in Sheboygan County to allow for analysis of where facilities and structures are located (completed for towns, but is not being pursued for cities and villages). • Mapping of high hazard areas for coastal erosion and landslides. • Redirected County Highway LS due to the threat from coastal erosion.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-4 Table 4.1: County Mitigation Strategies
NATURAL HAZARDS Multiple Natural Hazards Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party Evaluate and quantify generator Costs to be County and City Emergency backup capacity and promote use High Ongoing determined Management where beneficial ~$25,000/ County Emergency Acquire a mass notification system High 2020-2025 annually Management Acquire and promote use of NOAA weather radios, which continually $30,000 (for County Emergency broadcast National Weather Service purchase of Management and County forecasts, warnings, and other crucial High 2020-2025 approximately Local Emergency Planning weather information as well as warnings 1,000 radios) Committee regarding natural, man-made, or technological hazards County and City Emergency Covered by Management, County Develop a joint information plan High 2020-2025 existing Health and Human Services budgets Dept., City Police Dept., hospitals, and local EMs National Weather Service, County Sheriff’s Dept., Covered by Disseminate hazard information to the Sheboygan City Police High Ongoing existing public via a mass notification system Dept., and Sheboygan budgets County Health and Human Services Dept. Encourage residents to prepare County Emergency themselves by stocking up with Covered by Management, American necessary items and planning for how Medium Ongoing existing Red Cross, and County family members should respond if any budgets Health Dept. emergency or disaster events strike
County Planning and Collect building height data for all Costs to be Conservation Dept., County Low 2020-2025 structures in the County determined Health and Human Services Dept., and Wisconsin DNR
Work with County, State, and Federal Costs to be County Emergency agencies to maintain a consistent Low Ongoing determined Management critical facility database
Tornado/Strong Wind Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party
Extensive media coverage during Covered by County Emergency Tornado Awareness Week to educate Medium Ongoing existing Management the public regarding this hazard budgets
Assist National Weather Service in Covered by County Emergency conducting tornado spotter training Medium Ongoing existing Management and National programs and organizing local tornado budgets Weather Service spotter networks
Use of early warning system through Covered by County Emergency pagers, NOAA weather radios, and Medium Ongoing existing Management and County sirens to first responders budgets Sheriff’s Dept.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-5 Table 4.1: County Mitigation Strategies (Continued)
Tornado/Strong Wind (Continued) Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party Consider construction of safe County Emergency shelters for mobile home parks Costs to be Medium Ongoing Management and local and other vulnerable public determined EMs areas Assist personnel in schools and businesses, public facility Covered by County Emergency managers, and citizens in Medium As needed existing budgets Management determining the “best available” tornado safety areas Review and update County Emergency Covered by Comprehensive Safety Plan for all Medium As needed Management and County existing budgets county buildings Safety Committee County Emergency Continue to hold tornado safety Covered by High Ongoing Management and National drills existing budgets Weather Service County Emergency Continue to test and oversee Covered by Management, County High Ongoing outdoor warning systems existing budgets Sheriff’s Dept., and local jurisdictions Educate public to secure loose items (such as yard and patio Covered by Low Ongoing National Weather Service furniture) during tornado or high existing budgets wind events Winter Storm Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party Ensure that plow and salting equipment is operational and Covered by County Highway and local High Ongoing available for all winter storm existing budgets public works departments events Utilization of the media to Local Law Enforcement disseminate emergency Covered by High As needed and National Weather information during winter storm existing budgets Service events Provide educational materials to Local highway/public Covered by the public regarding safety Medium Ongoing works and local law existing budgets during winter storm events enforcement authorities Flooding Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party Continue to issue early warnings Covered by through flood advisory bulletins to High Ongoing National Weather Service existing budgets county residents as needed Dissemination of instructions to Covered by the public through the media on High As needed National Weather Service existing budgets a timely basis as needed Maintain information regarding, and coordination of, congregate Covered by High Ongoing American Red Cross care facilities for potential existing budgets evaluation purposes Maximize participation in the National Flood Insurance Covered by County Planning and High Ongoing Program in the county and its existing budgets Conservation Dept. municipalities* Incorporation of Floodplain County Planning and Covered by Management into Medium Ongoing Conservation Dept. and existing budgets Comprehensive Plan Updates* local jurisdictions
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-6 Table 4.1: County Mitigation Strategies (Continued)
Flooding (Continued) Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party Handle the evacuation of people Local law enforcement, Covered by and property in the case of a severe High As needed fire depts., and public existing budgets flood event works depts. County Emergency Management (bags) and Provide sand and bags for volunteers Covered by Low As needed County Highway Dept. to sandbag existing budgets and Local Public Works Depts. (sand) County Planning and Review and update floodplain Covered by Medium As needed Conservation Dept., and zoning ordinances as necessary existing budgets local jurisdictions County Planning and Land use/comprehensive planning Covered by Medium Ongoing Conservation Dept., and review and updates existing budgets local jurisdictions Promote the sale of flood insurance, particularly to county residents in Covered by Local Lenders, Insurance Low Ongoing areas determined to be at elevated existing budgets Agents, and FEMA risk for flooding County Emergency Review dam plans and notification Covered by Medium As needed Management and Other procedures existing budgets Pertinent Parties Dense Fog Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party Dissemination of fog advisories to Covered by alert the public regarding conditions High As needed National Weather Service existing budgets that may make travel difficult Covered by Install signage in areas of high fog existing budgets WisDOT and County Traffic Medium As needed event incidences and/or highway Safety Commission safety grants Lightning/Thunderstorm Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party Protection of structures through the Costs to be Low Ongoing Local building inspectors use of fire resistant materials determined
Continue to distribute awareness/educational materials to County Emergency Covered by inform the public of safety Medium Ongoing Management and existing budgets procedures to follow in a lightning American Red Cross storm Disseminate severe weather safety information to the public in an effort Covered by High As needed National Weather Service to educate residents regarding the existing budgets lightning/thunderstorm hazard County Emergency Use of early warning system through Management, County Covered by pagers and NOAA weather radios to Medium As needed Sheriff’s Dept. and existing budgets first responders Sheboygan City Police Dept. Harden utility infrastructure to make it County Emergency Costs to be more resistant to hail (i.e., burying of Low Ongoing Management and local determined telephone lines) utility companies
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-7 Table 4.1: County Mitigation Strategies (Continued)
Coastal Hazards Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party Continue monitoring of water quality Covered by County Health and Human on beaches (Lake Michigan and Medium Ongoing existing Services Department inland waters) budgets Continue monitoring and warn the Covered by National Weather Service public of high waves and rip currents Medium Ongoing existing and Sheboygan Water along Lake Michigan budgets Safety Group Excessive Heat and Extreme Cold Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party Organize outreach to vulnerable populations during periods of Covered by County Health and Human extreme temperature, including the Medium As needed existing Services Department and establishment and promotion of budgets Local Nonprofits accessible heating or cooling centers Continue to provide safety Covered by County Health and Human information to the public during Medium Ongoing existing Services Department periods of extreme temperatures budgets Initiate an ozone awareness Covered by education effort prior to and during Medium Ongoing existing Wisconsin DNR periods of excessive heat budgets Drought Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party
Development of water usage Covered by All participating regulations during periods of drought Low As needed existing jurisdictions by local communities budgets
Encourage citizens to take water- Covered by saving measures during periods of All participating Low As needed existing drought where regulations are not in jurisdictions budgets place Wildland Fires Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party County Planning and Conservation Dept., Covered by Continue to promote safe, controlled County Emergency Medium Ongoing existing prescribed burns Management, local fire budgets depts., and local jurisdictions County Planning and Conservation Dept., Covered by Provide education on prescribed County Emergency High Ongoing existing burns Management, local fire budgets depts., and local jurisdictions
Local fire depts., all Encourage citizens to install and Covered by participating jurisdictions, maintain smoke detectors and fire High Ongoing existing local building inspectors, extinguishers on each floor of their budgets and the American Red home or other buildings Cross
Schedule regular training and Covered by All participating exercise sessions for response High Ongoing existing jurisdictions and the personnel to keep them prepared for budgets Wisconsin DNR possible wildfires
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-8 Table 4.1: County Mitigation Strategies (Continued)
Wildland Fires (Continued) Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party Coordinate public outreach Local fire depts., all efforts to promote fire safe participating jurisdictions, construction and building Covered by Medium As needed local building inspectors, materials, safe burning, and the existing budgets and the American Red importance of clearing brush and Cross grass away from buildings Develop county ordinance to Fire Chiefs Assoc., County require burn permits and Costs to be Medium Ongoing Corp. Council, and restriction of campfires and determined participating jurisdictions outdoor burning MAN-MADE HAZARDS Hazardous Materials Incidents Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party County Emergency Support Local Emergency Covered by Management and County Medium Ongoing Planning Committee existing budgets Local Emergency Planning Committee Continue to review and update Covered by County Emergency Countywide Hazardous Materials Medium As needed existing budgets Management Response Plan Support Countywide Hazardous Materials Response Team, Covered by County Emergency including additional training and Medium Ongoing grants and state Management acquisition of necessary contract equipment Update EPCRA (Emergency Planning and Community Right- to-Know Act) plans for facilities County Emergency which use or store extremely ~$30,000/ Management and County Medium Ongoing hazardous substances, and annually Local Emergency Planning perform annual outreach Committee activities to inform the public of chemical hazards in communities County Emergency Develop facility off-site plans for Ongoing/4 year Covered by Management and County known/identified planning High update grants Local Emergency Planning facilities Committee Improve road design, routing, Local jurisdictions and and traffic control at problem Costs to be High Ongoing County Traffic Safety roadways to reduce the risk of determined Commission transportation-related accidents Water Supply Contamination Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party
Identify pathways of County Planning and contamination to groundwater Conservation Dept., (e.g.: by soil type, fractures in Costs to be High Ongoing County Health and Human bedrock, etc.) to ensure determined Services Dept., and protection and increase public Wisconsin DNR awareness Replace or repair equipment or accessories at municipal water supply systems if in poor condition, if inadequate, or if lead hazards become an issue, and Costs to be High Ongoing Local water utilities monitor components periodically determined to assure that they are in adequate condition (e.g., electrical pumps, auxiliary generators and valves)
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-9 Table 4.1: County Mitigation Strategies (Continued)
Water Supply Contamination (Continued) Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party County UW-Extension, Increase public awareness on Costs to be County Health and Human water contamination and safety Medium Ongoing determined Services Dept., local water issues utilities, and Wisconsin DNR Provide water supply education County UW-Extension, and Covered by and water supply test kits to Medium Ongoing County Planning and existing budgets residents. Conservation Dept. Communicable Diseases Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party Continue to review and update County Emergency the Sheboygan County Medical Covered by Management, and and Mass Casualty and Medium Annually existing budgets Emergency Medical Emergency Medical Services Services Council Plans Continue to plan and coordinate Covered by County Emergency periodic disaster exercises in an Medium Ongoing existing budgets Management effort to stay prepared Campaigns to encourage immunization against Covered by County Health and Human High Ongoing communicable diseases among existing budgets Services Department county residents Institute an emergency vaccination program in cases of Covered by County Health and Human High Annually imminent epidemics in the existing budgets Services Department county Maintain public health systems with sufficient disease monitoring and surveillance as well as public awareness campaigns that Covered by County Health and Human emphasize the causes, High Ongoing existing budgets Services Department symptoms, and protective actions for disease outbreaks or other potential public health emergencies Maintain livestock health systems with sufficient disease monitoring and surveillance as well as public awareness campaigns that Wisconsin Department of Covered by emphasize the causes, High Ongoing Agriculture, Trade, and existing budgets symptoms, and protective Consumer Protection actions for disease outbreaks or other potential public health emergencies
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-10 Table 4.1: County Mitigation Strategies (Continued)
Violence Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party Assist in the development of Local law enforcement, active threat policies and County Emergency procedures by each school, Covered by High Ongoing Management, local fire hospital, business, and existing budgets depts., and all school management building located districts in the County in Sheboygan County Provide law enforcement agencies with training, staffing, Covered by Local law enforcement and and resources to handle High Ongoing existing budgets fire departments potential incidents involving violence Cybersecurity Project Priority Project Timetable Estimated Cost Responsible Party Develop internal policies and training regarding cyberthreats Covered by All local governmental Medium 2020-2025 that could potentially impact existing budgets bodies the County County and local IT depts. Develop a public awareness Covered by Medium 2020-2025 and Wisconsin Emergency campaign existing budgets Management Note: The action items that address NFIP compliance are indicated with an asterisk (*).
Source: Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan Steering Committee, 2019; and Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, 2019.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-11
Table 4.2: Municipal Mitigation Strategies
NATURAL HAZARDS All Natural Hazards Project Estimated Responsible Municipality Project Priority Timetable Cost Party City of Implement public mass notification High 2020 - 2025 Costs to be City of Sheboygan system (in conjunction with Determined Sheboygan Sheboygan County) City of Complete, adopt, maintain and High 2020 - 2025 Covered by City of Sheboygan exercise updated City Emergency Existing Sheboygan Operations Plan Annual Budgets City of Maintain a municipal emergency High Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan management director role and Existing Sheboygan cooperative relationship with Annual Sheboygan County Emergency Budgets Management Village of Maintain updated list of critical Low 2020 - 2025 Covered Sheboygan Cascade facilities under County, Village County Plan of Cascade Update Tornadoes/High Winds Project Estimated Responsible Municipality Project Priority Timetable Cost Party City of Maintain municipal warning sirens Medium Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan and promote the use of weather Existing Sheboygan smart phone applications and Annual weather radios Budgets City of Encourage Use of Tie-Downs with Medium Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan Ground Anchors for Manufactured Existing Sheboygan Homes and Mobile Homes Annual Budgets City of Enhanced Construction Standards Low Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan and Techniques Existing Sheboygan Annual Budgets Village of Ensure tornado sirens can be heard High Ongoing $10,000 Village of Elkhart Elkhart Lake throughout the village Lake Village of Add an emergency siren on the High As funds $20,000 Village of Random Lake east side of the village become Random Lake available Village of Upgrade existing tornado siren High As funds Costs to be Village of Waldo Waldo systems become Determined available Village of Replace emergency siren on the Medium As funds $15,000 Village of Howards north side of the village become Howards Grove Grove available Winter Storms Project Estimated Responsible Municipality Project Priority Timetable Cost Party City of Priority Policy for Salting and High Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan Plowing Roadways Existing Sheboygan Annual Budgets City of Promote Winter Storm Hazard Medium Ongoing Covered by Sheboygan Sheboygan Awareness Existing County Annual Budgets
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-12
Table 4.2: Municipal Mitigation Strategies (Continued)
Lightning Storms and Thunderstorms Project Estimated Responsible Municipality Project Priority Timetable Cost Party City of Review Critical Facilities for Medium Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan Lightning Improvement Needs Existing Sheboygan Annual Budgets City of Lightning Safety Guidelines Low Ongoing Costs to be City of Sheboygan Determined Sheboygan
Flooding Project Estimated Responsible Municipality Project Priority Timetable Cost Party Cities of Maintain Participation in the High Ongoing Covered by Applicable Sheboygan, National Flood Insurance Program Existing Local Sheboygan Annual Government Falls, and Budgets Plymouth; and Villages of Cedar Grove, Howards Grove, Oostburg, Waldo, Cascade, Kohler, and Random Lake City of Preservation of Natural Resources in High Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan Floodplains Existing Sheboygan Annual Budgets City of Flood Forecasting, Warning Systems Medium Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan and Emergency Plans Existing Sheboygan Annual Budgets City of Floodproofing Techniques Medium Ongoing Costs to be City of Sheboygan Determined Sheboygan
City of Update and Maintain Stormwater Medium 2020 Costs City of Sheboygan Retention (see City of Sheboygan detailed in Sheboygan Stormwater Management Plan) Stormwater Management Plan City of Incorporation of Floodplain Medium Ongoing Costs to be City of Sheboygan Management in Comprehensive Determined Sheboygan Plan Updates (Done Once Every Decade)
City of Inform Property Owners in cases Medium Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan where property is located in the Existing Sheboygan 100-Year Floodplain Annual Budgets City of Reevaluation of Floodplain Zoning Medium Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan Ordinances Existing Sheboygan Annual Budgets
City of Acquisition and Relocation Medium Ongoing Costs to be City of Sheboygan Determined Sheboygan
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-13
Table 4.2: Municipal Mitigation Strategies (Continued)
Flooding (Continued)
Project Estimated Responsible Municipality Project Priority Timetable Cost Party City of Annual Review of Flood Mitigation Medium Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan Plan Existing Sheboygan Annual Budgets
City of Oak Street Storm Sewer Project Medium 2020 - 2025 $570,000 City of Sheboygan Sheboygan Falls Falls Village of Flood mitigation/Retention Pond Medium As funds $226,000 Village of Kohler Kohler along Woodland Road become available
City of Implement Strategies Under the Medium 2020 - 2025 Costs to be City of Plymouth Plymouth Mullet River Corridor Study or Determined Upgrade Spillway Extreme Temperature (Cold and Heat)
Project Estimated Responsible Municipality Project Priority Timetable Cost Party City of Publicity of Extreme Heat Events Medium Ongoing Covered by Sheboygan Sheboygan Existing County Annual Budgets
City of Supplies for Vulnerable Populations Low Ongoing Costs to be City of Sheboygan Determined Sheboygan
City of Publicity of Extreme Cold Events Medium Ongoing Covered by Sheboygan Sheboygan Existing County Annual Budgets Fog
Project Estimated Responsible Municipality Project Priority Timetable Cost Party City of Publicity of Fog Events Medium Ongoing Covered by Sheboygan Sheboygan Existing County Annual Budgets Coastal Hazards
Project Estimated Responsible Municipality Project Priority Timetable Cost Party City of Support and maintain Water Safety Medium Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan Task Force group and its mission Existing Sheboygan and Annual Sheboygan Budgets and County Donations
City of Build life jacket and hazard High 2020 Covered by City of Sheboygan information kiosk at the shoreline Existing Sheboygan and Annual Sheboygan Budgets and County Donations
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-14
Table 4.2: Municipal Mitigation Strategies (Continued)
Coastal Hazards (Continued)
Project Estimated Responsible Municipality Project Priority Timetable Cost Party City of Continue to monitor activity on High Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan Lake Michigan piers during high Existing Sheboygan and hazard conditions and Annual Sheboygan communicate these hazards to the Budgets and County public Donations
City of Maintain support and participation High Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan in the MABAS Division 113 Dive Existing Sheboygan and Team and encourage regular Annual Sheboygan training and exercising between Budgets and County response agencies Donations Wildland Fires
Project Estimated Responsible Municipality Project Priority Timetable Cost Party City of Maintain proper fire department Medium Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan training in wildland firefighting Existing Sheboygan techniques Annual Budgets
City of Maintain mutual aid agreements Medium Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan and participation in Mutual Aid Box Existing Sheboygan Alarm Systems (MABAS), and Annual encourage cross-department Budgets training and exercises for fire departments
MAN-MADE HAZARDS Hazardous Materials Incidents
Project Estimated Responsible Municipality Project Priority Timetable Cost Party City of Maintain representation on and High Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan involvement with the Local Existing Sheboygan Emergency Planning Committee Annual (LEPC) Budgets
City of Maintain representation on and High Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan involvement with the Sheboygan Existing Sheboygan County Hazardous Materials Annual Response Team Budgets Village of Invest in an app to contact village Low 2020 $3,000 per Village of Elkhart Elkhart Lake residents when a hazardous year Lake materials situation may occur or has occurred Village of Handle fuel spills from motor Medium As Needed Covered by Local Fire Oostburg vehicles Existing Department Budgets
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-15
Table 4.2: Municipal Mitigation Strategies (Continued)
Water Supply Contamination Project Estimated Responsible Municipality Project Priority Timetable Cost Party City of Complete AWIA Risk Assessment Covered by Plymouth and Emergency Operations Plan Existing Annual Medium 2020 - 2021 Budget City of Plymouth Village of Prevent contamination of new Medium Ongoing Included in Village of Elkhart Elkhart Lake sources of surface and Village Lake groundwater, especially for new Budget development Village of Identify and implement an Medium As needed $8,000,000 Village of Howards alternate public water source in the Howards Grove Grove event of contamination Communicable Diseases Project Estimated Responsible Municipality Project Priority Timetable Cost Party City of Continue to maintain a close High Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan relationship with Sheboygan Existing Sheboygan County Public Health in the areas of Annual emergency preparedness and Budgets planning Violence Project Estimated Responsible Municipality Project Priority Timetable Cost Party City of Provide response agencies with Medium Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan training, staffing and resources for Existing Sheboygan effective prevention, preparedness Annual and response Budgets City of Work with local schools, hospitals Medium Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan and businesses to develop and Existing Sheboygan maintain active threat policies Annual Budgets City of Continue to conduct joint response Medium Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan agency training and exercising with Existing Sheboygan local schools, hospitals and Annual businesses for active threat and Budgets mass casualty response Cybersecurity Project Estimated Responsible Municipality Project Priority Timetable Cost Party City of Develop internal policies and Medium 2020 - 2025 Covered by City of Sheboygan training regarding cyber threats Existing Sheboygan Annual Budgets City of Maintain software tools for the Medium Ongoing Covered by City of Sheboygan combating of cyber threats Existing Sheboygan Annual Budgets Village of Maintain and enhance the village's Medium Ongoing Covered by Village of Kohler Kohler firewall and network protection Existing Annual Budgets
Source: Cities and Villages in Sheboygan County, 2019; Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan Steering Committee, 2019; and Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, 2019.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-16
POLICIES, PROGRAMS AND RESOURCES FOR MITIGATION Sheboygan County has several authorities that enforce policies, execute programs, and provide resources that support the mitigation action plan for reducing potential losses identified in the risk assessment. These authorities have been identified under the responsible parties (where applicable) in the mitigation action plan for Sheboygan County (Table 4.1) and for its municipalities (Table 4.2), and include the following: • Sheboygan County Emergency Management o Relevant policies and programs include coordinating effective disaster response and recovery efforts in the county through response, recovery, planning, training, exercises, and mitigation. • Sheboygan County Transportation Department, Highway Division o Relevant policies and programs include road maintenance, stormwater management, and management of salt storage for winter storms. • Sheboygan County Health and Human Services Department, Public Health Division o Relevant policies and programs focus on protecting and promoting the health and safety of people in the county in cooperation with community partners (includes assisting citizens with emergency preparedness). • Sheboygan County Sheriff’s Department and Local Law Enforcement o Relevant policies and programs focus on protecting the lives, safety and property of people in the county. • Sheboygan County Planning and Conservation Department o Relevant policies and programs focus on improving and promoting the quality of community living and natural resources in the county. • Sheboygan County Traffic Safety Commission o Relevant policies and programs focus on enhancing safe traffic patterns and vehicle-pedestrian interactions in the county. • Sheboygan County Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) o Relevant policies and programs focus on preparing the county to cope with emergencies involving the accidental release of hazardous substances. • Sheboygan County Land Information Committee o Relevant policies and programs focus on maintaining accurate and current land information in the county. • Sheboygan County Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Council o Relevant policies and programs include overseeing the county’s EMS system and keeping the county informed on present and future EMS needs.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-17
• Local Fire Departments o Relevant policies and programs include coordinating emergency preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery efforts. • Local Utility Companies o Relevant policies and programs include maintaining electrical power and transmission facilities. • Wisconsin Emergency Management o Relevant policies and programs include supporting effective disaster response and recovery efforts in support of local government through planning, training and exercises. • Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources o Relevant policies and programs include regulation enforcement of state shoreland and floodplain management rules, and wildland fire response and education. • Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection o Relevant policies and programs focus on monitoring for animal diseases and responding when outbreaks occur. • American Red Cross o Relevant policies and programs include disaster relief and educational programs that promote health and safety. • National Weather Service o Relevant policies and programs include publicizing information, and providing outreach and education about hazardous weather. These authorities have the ability to expand or modify their programs when needed to improve existing tools to address mitigation. Sheboygan County has taxing authority through property taxes to raise funds for the purpose of hazard mitigation. Additional funding sources for hazard mitigation actions are available from numerous federal and state grant programs.
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES FOR MITIGATION Funding for hazard mitigation programs and projects can come from many sources both public and private. Non-local funding can come from various sources, either in the form of a grant or a loan. The following text provides a description of several potential grant programs available to Sheboygan County (or other entities seeking to carry out hazard mitigation actions) in funding future mitigation actions identified in this plan.
Federal Programs Economic Development Administration (EDA) Public Works and Development Facilities These funds are available for local units of government to enhance regional competitiveness and promote long-term economic development in regions experiencing substantial economic distress. EDA provides public works investments to help distressed communities and regions revitalize, expand and upgrade their physical
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-18
infrastructure to attract new industry, encourage business expansion, diversify local economies, and generate or retain long-term private sector jobs and investment. Federal Emergency Management (FEMA) Assistance to Firefighters Grant The primary goal of the Assistance to Firefighters Grants (AFG) is to meet the firefighting and emergency response needs of fire departments and nonaffiliated emergency medical service organizations. Since 2001, the AFG program has helped firefighters and other first responders to obtain critically needed equipment, protective gear, emergency vehicles, training and other resources needed to protect the public and emergency personnel from fire and related hazards. The Grant Programs Directorate in FEMA administers the grants. The Fire Prevention and Safety (FP&S) Grants are part of the Assistance to Firefighters Grants (AFG). FP&S grants support projects that enhance the safety of the public and firefighters from fire and related hazards. The primary goal is to reduce injury and prevent death among high-risk populations. FEMA Flood Mitigation Assistance Program The Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) program is authorized by Section 1366 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (as amended), with the goal of reducing or eliminating claims under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). FEMA provides FMA funds to assist States, Territories, federally-recognized tribes and local communities for projects and planning that reduces or eliminates long-term risk of flood damage to structures insured under the NFIP. FMA funding is also available for management costs. Funding is appropriated by Congress annually. FEMA requires state, tribal and local governments to develop and adopt hazard mitigation plans as a condition for receiving certain types of non-emergency disaster assistance, including funding for HMA mitigation projects. FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program The Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) provides funds to states, tribes and local communities after a disaster declaration to protect public or private property through various mitigation measures. Hazard mitigation includes long-term efforts to reduce the impact of future events. HMGP recipients have the primary responsibility for prioritizing, selecting and administering state and local hazard mitigation projects. Although individuals may not apply directly to a state for assistance, local governments may sponsor an application on their behalf. The purpose of the HMGP is to help communities implement hazard mitigation measures following a Presidential Major Disaster Declaration in the areas of the state, tribe or territory requested by the Governor or Tribal Executive. The key purpose of this grant program is to enact mitigation measures that reduce the risk of loss of life and property from future disasters. FEMA Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program The Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) program provides funds to states, territories, tribal governments and local communities in implementing a sustained pre-disaster natural hazard mitigation program. The goal is to reduce overall risk to the population and structures from future hazard events, while also reducing reliance on federal funding in future disasters. This program awards planning and project grants, and provides opportunities for raising public awareness about reducing future losses before disaster
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-19
strikes. Mitigation planning is a key process used to break the cycle of disaster damage, reconstruction and repeated damage. PDM grants are funded annually by Congressional appropriations, and are awarded on a nationally competitive basis. FEMA requires state, territorial, tribal and local governments to develop and adopt hazard mitigation plans as a condition for receiving certain types of non-emergency disaster assistance, including funding for PDM mitigation projects. Project subapplications submitted in consideration for PDM funding must be consistent with the goals and objectives identified in the current, FEMA-approved hazard mitigation plan for the jurisdiction in which the activity is located. Planning subapplications submitted for consideration for PDM funding must result in a mitigation plan approved by the applicable jurisdiction that is also approved by FEMA. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness The Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness (HMEP) grant program is intended to provide financial and technical assistance as well as national direction and guidance to enhance State, Territorial, Tribal, and local hazardous materials emergency planning and training. The HMEP Grant Program distributes fees collected from shippers and carriers of hazardous materials to emergency responders for hazmat training and to Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) for hazmat planning. U.S. Department of Education School Emergency Response and Crisis Management Plan Discretionary Grant Program This grant program is designed to provide funds to Local Education Agencies (LEA) to strengthen and improve their emergency response and crisis plans, at the district and school-building level. Grantees are required to address all four phases of crisis planning: prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. In addition, LEAs are required to form partnerships and collaborate with community organizations, local law enforcement agencies, heads of local governments, and offices of public safety, health, and mental health, as they review and revise school crisis plans. Plans must be coordinated with state or local homeland security plans and support implementation of the National Incident Management System (NIMS). Grant funds may be used for the following activities: training school safety teams and students; conducting building and facilities audits; communicating emergency response policies to parents and guardians; implementing an Incident Command System (ICS); purchasing school safety equipment (to a limited extent); conducting drills and tabletop simulation exercises; and preparing and distributing copies of crisis plans.
State of Wisconsin Programs Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) Lake Planning Grant Program Lake planning grants are available from the WDNR “to collect and analyze information needed to protect and restore lakes and their watersheds.” Eligible entities include counties, towns, cities, villages, tribes, qualified non-profit conservation organizations, qualified lake associations, school districts (in partnership with another eligible party), public inland lake protection and rehabilitation districts, town sanitary districts, and other local governmental units that are established for the purpose of lake management.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-20
Eligible activities include: gathering and analysis of physical, chemical and biological information on lakes; describing present and potential land uses within lake watersheds and on shorelines; reviewing jurisdictional boundaries and evaluating ordinances that relate to zoning, sanitation, pollution control or surface use; assessments of fish, aquatic life, wildlife, and their habitats; and developing, evaluating, publishing, and distributing alternative courses of action and recommendations in a lake management plan. WDNR Municipal Flood Control Grant Program The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources offers this grant assistance package to all cities, villages, towns, tribes, and metropolitan sewerage districts concerned with municipal flood control management in the state of Wisconsin. Assistance is provided with the availability of acquisition and development grants to purchase property or vacant land, structure removal, construction or other development costs, and with local assistance grants for providing administrative support activities. WDNR River Planning Grant Program Counties, cities, villages, towns, tribes, other local governmental units, qualified river management organizations, and qualified nonprofit conservation organizations are eligible to apply for funding under this grant program. Projects funded by this program must be designed to: collect, assess and disseminate information on riverine ecosystems; assist in developing organizations to help manage rivers; assist the public in understanding riverine ecosystems; and/or create management plans for the long term protection and improvement of riverine ecosystems. Eligible activities include: organizational development for existing river protection/improvement organizations; assistance with the formation of a qualified river management organization; public education projects; and planning and assessment projects. Capital improvement projects are not eligible for funding under this grant. WDNR Forest Fire Protection Grant Program Forest fire protection (FFP) grants are available to Wisconsin fire departments and county/area fire associations. Grant funding is intended to expand the use of local fire departments to augment and strengthen the WDNR’s overall initial-attack fire suppression capabilities on forest fires. WDNR Lead Service Line Replacement Programs The WDNR has a Safe Drinking Water Loan Program (SDWLP) that provides funding for replacement of lead service lines under the control of municipalities and their water utilities. In addition, the WDNR offered a Private Lead Service Line (LSL) Replacement Funding Program that funded the replacement of lead service lines that are privately owned; this program was authorized for state fiscal years 2017 and 2018 (July 1, 2016, through June 30, 2018), but the program could be reinstituted by the state legislature in the future. The Private LSL Replacement Funding Program provided funding to municipalities to loan to homeowners to replace their lead piping on their property. Sheboygan County communities that were awarded funding under the Private LSL Replacement Funding Program included the City of Sheboygan and the Village of Elkhart Lake. For SDWLP funded projects, approval from the Wisconsin Public Service Commission is required before work can proceed.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-21
Wisconsin Department of Health Services (WDHS) Public Health Emergency Preparedness Program The Wisconsin Department of Health Services (WDHS) applies for federal funding each year through the Hospital Preparedness Program – Public Health Emergency Preparedness Cooperative Agreement. The WDHS Health Emergency Preparedness (HEP) Section must submit an application, budget narrative and other documentation each year in order to receive funding for the upcoming fiscal year. Once that documentation has been reviewed and approved, the federal government distributes a Notice of Award that allocates the amount of funding that the state receives for the fiscal year. For the 2018 state fiscal year (July 1, 2017 – June 30, 2018), the WDHS HEP Section was awarded over $14.9 million between two programs: the Public Health Emergency Preparedness Program (PHEP) and the Hospital Preparedness Program (HPP). Approximately 47 percent of PHEP funding goes to local health departments and tribal health centers, with one of these being the Sheboygan County Health and Human Services Department’s Division of Public Health. Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation (WEDC) Disaster Recovery Microloan Program The goal of the WEDC Disaster Recovery Microloan (DRM) program is to provide short- term assistance to businesses affected by disaster events in Wisconsin. Nine regional entities in the state (including the Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission (RPC) and nearly all RPCs in the state) have been designated by the WEDC “with the capacity to deploy rapid response microloans to businesses affected by disasters, either natural or man-made.” These regional entities contract with the WEDC to distribute and administer DRM funds. Within 30 days following a natural or man-made disaster event (which may or may not include a corresponding state of emergency or disaster declaration), the regional entity can request allocation of funding to make microloans in their region, and WEDC will review the documented funding request. Eligible activities include: (1) procurement of cleanup and restoration services; (2) operating expenses (such as payroll); (3) rent or mortgage for temporary space; and (4) repair and reconstruction. There are several eligibility criteria, and certain business types are ineligible. Up to $20,000 in loans are available at an interest rate of 0.0 percent, and the loans should be paid back within 24 months. There are provisions for deferral, collateral, and guarantees. Additional information regarding this program can be found at: https://baylakerpc.org/services/economic-development/disaster-recovery- microloan-program(.)
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 4-22 CHAPTER 5 - PLAN MAINTENANCE AND ADOPTION PROCESS
PLAN ADOPTION PROCESS The Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020-2025 development process was guided by the county Hazard Mitigation Plan Steering Committee over an 18-month timeframe, with professional planning support from the Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission. A list of Steering Committee members is located in Table 1.1 of this document. Both WEM and FEMA reviewed a final draft of the county’s hazard mitigation plan prior to adoption by the Sheboygan County Board. Comments received from WEM and FEMA were reviewed by the Steering Committee, and necessary revisions were made. The plan was then adopted by resolution by the Sheboygan County Board on X, 2020. The resolution adopting the plan can be found on page v, just after the Table of Contents. After the plan was adopted by the Sheboygan County Board, it was approved by WEM and FEMA. Approval letters from WEM and FEMA can be found starting on page vi.
PLAN MAINTENANCE Planning is an ongoing process, and this plan should grow and adapt in order to keep pace with growth and change in the planning area and its local jurisdictions. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires that local plans be evaluated and updated at least every five years in order to remain eligible for assistance.
Plan Monitoring, Evaluation, and Updating This Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020-2025 is an update to the 2014 plan, and will continue to be monitored, evaluated, and updated by Sheboygan County Emergency Management. Every five years, the Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan will be comprehensively reviewed, and fully updated. This update shall involve the collection of the most current data to support the plan and the development of new mitigation strategies and an implementation plan. This planning effort will be comprehensive, and will incorporate opportunities for public involvement to meet all requirements of 44 CFR Part 201.6 and/or any applicable requirements or regulations developed over the next five years. The five-year plan update will be coordinated by the Sheboygan County Emergency Management Director for Sheboygan County Board approval. All meetings to update the plan shall be subject to the Wisconsin Open Meetings Law, and shall be properly noticed to allow for public involvement and comment. This plan update is the second update to the county’s Hazard Mitigation Plan since it was originally adopted in 2008. This update involves a comprehensive county plan that includes the City of Sheboygan, the county’s most populous city, which once maintained its own plan. In addition, the mitigation action plan includes several new additions that resulted in a comprehensive strategy. This plan update also addresses additional hazards not covered in the 2014 plan that have the potential to impact the county, including coastal hazards, wildland fires, communicable diseases, violence and cybersecurity.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 5-1 Additional Plan Review Within three to six months following a significant natural or man-made hazard event (as determined by the Steering Committee), a special post-disaster review will occur. Information concerning the disaster shall be collected by the Sheboygan County Emergency Management Coordinator from local law enforcement personnel, fire department personnel, disaster response personnel, WEM staff, FEMA staff, affected citizens, and any other pertinent entities. This information shall be provided to the Steering Committee for its review. At a public meeting, the Steering Committee for the plan will analyze factors that contributed to any impacts of the hazard event, the likelihood of the event recurring, and any strategies that should be implemented to mitigate the impacts in the event of a recurrence. The county Emergency Management Director will have primary responsibility for establishing post-disaster review meeting dates, distributing related materials, facilitating the meetings, and advertising these special meetings to affected county department heads and citizens and community groups, so that additional input and comment can be received. Special post-disaster review meetings shall be subject to the Wisconsin Open Meetings Law and shall be properly noticed to allow for public involvement and comment. The Steering Committee may choose to revise or amend the existing county plan based on what is learned in the review process. Any recommended changes to the plan shall be forwarded to the Sheboygan County Board for its action and consideration.
PLAN INCORPORATION The mitigation action plan in Chapter 4 links the mitigation strategies to related plans or policies. As the county and jurisdictions in the planning area update their comprehensive plans, incorporation of this Hazard Mitigation Plan is highly recommended. The Wisconsin comprehensive planning law includes a detailed description of elements that need to be addressed in all comprehensive plans. The following items must be considered when incorporating this Hazard Mitigation Plan into the required elements of local comprehensive plans for jurisdictions in the planning area: Issues and Opportunities Element – A summary of major hazards that local governments are vulnerable to, and what is proposed to be done to mitigate future losses from the hazards. Housing Element – An inventory of the properties that are in the floodplain boundaries, the location of mobile homes, recommendations concerning building codes, shelter opportunities, and a survey of homeowners that may be interested in a voluntary buyout and relocation program. Transportation Element – Identify any transportation routes or facilities that are most at risk during flooding, winter storms or other hazards. Agricultural, and Natural and Cultural Resources Element – Identify the floodplains and agricultural areas that are at risk during hazardous events, and incorporate recommendations on how to mitigate future losses to these areas. Economic Development Element – Describe the impacts that past hazards have had on area businesses.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 5-2 Intergovernmental Cooperation Element – Identify intergovernmental police, fire and rescue service sharing agreements that are in effect or which may merit further investigation, and consider cost sharing and resource pooling of government services and facilities. Land Use Element – Describe how flooding has impacted land uses and what is being done to mitigate negative land use impacts from flooding; map and identify natural hazard areas, such as floodplains and soils with limitations. Implementation Element – Have recommended actions from this plan included in the implementation element of comprehensive plans of all jurisdictions in the planning area. Elements of the Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020-2025 should continue to be incorporated into the Sheboygan County Comprehensive Plan and the 2030 Sheboygan Urbanized Area Sewer Service Plan. The Sheboygan County Comprehensive Plan (adopted in 2009) provides information on flooding, discourages development in the floodplain, and encourages parks and open space in floodplain areas. The plan also calls for shoreline regulation and erosion control projects to mitigate bluff erosion on Lake Michigan (addressed under Coastal Hazards). The Sheboygan County Comprehensive Plan should be updated by the end of 2019 in order to remain compliant with Wisconsin’s comprehensive planning law. The Sheboygan Urbanized Area Sewer Service Area Plan (adopted in 2011) identifies floodplain areas as environmentally sensitive areas where development cannot occur within the sewer service area.
PLAN COORDINATION To maximize coordination of the hazard mitigation plan with other related plans for Sheboygan County, mitigation strategies recommended in this plan have been and should continue to be considered when developing capital improvement plans, stormwater management plans, or flood mitigation plans. A number of relevant plans and reports, and technical data were referenced and incorporated into the Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020-2025. The following is a comprehensive list of the information that was utilized in plan development: Population, housing and employment data from the Bureau of the Census (2000 and 2010); Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission land use inventory dataset (2002, 2009 and 2015); Risk Assessment Matrix Worksheet adapted from the Resource Guide to All Hazards Mitigation Planning in Wisconsin (AWRPC, 2003); Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Review Crosswalk (Completed for Sheboygan County in 2013) was used to complete the updated crosswalk; State of Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan (2016) was used to develop hazard descriptions for the risk assessment;
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 5-3 FEMA Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide (2011) was used to ensure that the plan contained all required information; FEMA Mitigation Ideas: A Resource for Reducing Risk to Natural Hazards (2013) contributed to the development of the mitigation action plan; Past natural hazard occurrences were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) – severe weather event data (1995 - 2018); U.S. Geological Survey maps on landslides, land subsidence and earthquakes were used to describe those hazards; FEMA Flood Insurance Studies and FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) were used to map floodplain areas; Parcel data from Sheboygan County was used to determine the impacts of hazards with defined areas; Assessed valuation data from Sheboygan County was used to derive estimates of potential dollar losses; The Sheboygan County Emergency Operations Plan contributed to the development of the mitigation action plan; The Sheboygan County Hazard Analysis contributed to the development of the mitigation action plan; The Sheboygan County Hazardous Materials Response Plan contributed to the development of the mitigation action plan; The Sheboygan County Comprehensive Plan was used to develop the community profile and contributed to the development of the mitigation action plan; and Comprehensive plans for local jurisdictions within the planning area contributed to the development of the mitigation action plan. It is recommended that similar materials be referenced when completing any updates to the hazard mitigation plan.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan 5-4 APPENDIX A – STEERING COMMITTEE SIGN-IN SHEETS
In order to assist in plan development, Sheboygan County established a Hazard Mitigation Plan Steering Committee. A table listing all members of the committee can be found in Chapter 1 - Introduction. The plan steering committee met on six occasions: November 29, 2018; February 14, June 20, August 22, and October 17, 2019; and February 6, 2020. This appendix contains the sign-in sheets from each of these meetings to verify attendance and participation by committee members.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan A-1 Sign-in Sheet for November 29, 2018, Meeting
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan A-2 Sign-in Sheet for February 14, 2019, Meeting
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan A-3 Sign-in Sheet for February 14, 2019, Meeting (Continued)
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan A-4 Sign-in Sheet for June 20, 2019, Meeting
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan A-5 Sign-in Sheet for June 20, 2019, Meeting (Continued)
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan A-6 Sign-in Sheet for August 22, 2019, Meeting
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan A-7 Sign-in Sheet for October 17, 2019, Meeting
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan A-8 Sign-in Sheet for February 6, 2020, Meeting
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan A-9 Sign-in Sheet for February 6, 2020, Meeting (Continued)
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan A-10 APPENDIX B – PUBLIC NOTICE OF OPEN HOUSE ON THE DRAFT PLAN
NOTICE OF PUBLIC INFORMATIONAL MEETING Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020-2025 Update
PLEASE TAKE NOTICE THAT a Public Informational Meeting has been scheduled for January 13, 2020 to provide information about the county’s hazard mitigation plan update. This informational meeting will be held from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. at the Mead Public Library (Rocca Meeting Room) located at 710 North 8th Street, Sheboygan. Hazard mitigation planning involves developing a set of actions designed to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects. This informational meeting will provide interested individuals with an overview of the plan, a draft plan for review, display maps from the plan, and an opportunity to comment. A copy of the draft plan can downloaded for review in advance of the meeting at https://baylakerpc.org/about/surveys or at https://www.sheboygancounty.com/departments/departments-r-z/sheriff-s- department/emergency-management/hazard-mitigation
For additional information, you can contact Jeff Agee-Aguayo with the Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission at [email protected] or at 920-448-2820, Ext. 103. Any person wishing to attend this meeting who, because of a disability, requires special accommodations, please contact the Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission at 920- 448-2820 at least two working days prior to the meeting so that arrangements can be made.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan B-1
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan B-2 APPENDIX C – MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL COOPERATION EXERCISE
As a way to ensure accurate data and multi-jurisdictional cooperation in the update of the county’s hazard mitigation plan, the steering committee and Bay- Lake Regional Planning Commission engaged the local communities in a cooperation exercise to review and provide input on plan materials. Communities were provided a listing of their critical facilities, goals identified in the plan, and hazard mitigation actions, and were asked to review and comment on the materials. In addition, they were asked to identify mitigation actions specific to their community. Table C.1 displays the communities that participated in the review and the community representative that provided community-specific information and signed off on the review materials.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan C-1 Table C.1: Incorporated Community Plan Participation via Materials Review Community Representative Municipality Name Title Date Signed City of Plymouth Cathy Austin Director of Public Works 8/5/2019 City of Sheboygan Chuck Butler Assistant Fire Chief 8/15/2019 City of Sheboygan Falls Steve Ross Chief of Police 8/20/2019 Village of Adell Andy Schmitt Village President 8/20/2019 Village of Cascade Jason Liermann Chief of Police 9/30/2019 Village of Cedar Grove Julie Brey Clerk-Treasurer 9/18/2019 Village of Elkhart Lake Michael Meeusen Chief of Police 8/27/2019 Village of Glenbeulah Michele Bertram Clerk-Treasurer 9/24/2019 Village of Howards Grove Christan Brandt Clerk-Treasurer 9/26/2019 Village of Kohler Brett Edgerle Director of Public Works 8/11/2019 Village of Oostburg Jill Ludens Clerk-Treasurer 8/13/2019 Village of Random Lake Joe Huiras Director of Public Works 9/9/2019 Village of Waldo Michelle Brecht Clerk-Treasurer 8/21/2019 Source: Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, 2019.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan C-2 APPENDIX D – CRITICAL FACILITIES BY COMMUNITY
The steering committee for the Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020 - 2025 and community representatives identified critical infrastructure assets for all the communities in the county. Table D.1 summarizes the critical facilities by municipality for Sheboygan County.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-1
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Anitas Gardens 1900 Arbor View Dr City of Assisted Living Plymouth Facilities Kindredhearts Plymouth 112 South River Blvd City of Assisted Living Plymouth Facilities Libby House Assisted Living 2581 Valley Rd City of Assisted Living Plymouth Facilities The Waterford at Plymouth I 2581 Valley Rd City of Assisted Living Plymouth Facilities The Waterford at Plymouth II 2653 Valley Rd City of Assisted Living Plymouth Facilities The Waterford at Plymouth 2586 Valley Rd City of Assisted Living III Plymouth Facilities Bridge CTH PP/Mullet River City of Bridge Plymouth Bridge Frederict St/Mullet River City of Bridge Plymouth Bridge Eastern Ave/Mullet River City of Bridge Plymouth Bridge Railroad/E Mill St City of Bridge Plymouth Bridge S Milwaukee St/Mullet River City of Bridge Plymouth Bridge Stafford St/Mullet River City of Bridge Plymouth Bridge Pleasant View Rd/Unnamed City of Bridge Water Plymouth Bridge Riverview Rd/Mullet River City of Bridge Plymouth Commonwealth Telephone 118 Division St City of Communications Plymouth Phone County Rd PP City of Communications Plymouth Wireless Tower 120 APPLETON ST. City of Communications Plymouth Wireless Tower W5832 CTY TK J City of Communications Plymouth Dam Mullet River City of Dam Plymouth Plymouth Utilities Substation 200 Frederick St City of Electric No.1 Plymouth Plymouth Utilities Substation 625 CTH PP City of Electric No.2 Plymouth
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-2
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Frontier Communications – 118 Division St, Plymouth City of EPCRA Plymouth Plymouth Glacier Transit & Storage 302 Schwartz St, Plymouth City of EPCRA Plymouth Glacier Transit & Storage 976 Willow Rd, Plymouth City of EPCRA Plymouth Glacier Transit & Storage 128 Appleton St, Plymouth City of EPCRA Plymouth Great Lake Cheese of 2602 County Road PP, City of EPCRA Wisconsin Plymouth Plymouth Masters Gallery Foods 411 County Road PP, City of EPCRA Plymouth Plymouth Sargento Foods inc. 1 Persnickety Place, City of EPCRA Plymouth Plymouth Sartori Co. 12 W Main St, Plymouth City of EPCRA Plymouth Sartori Co. 2 E Main St, Plymouth City of EPCRA Plymouth Sartori Whey 4200 County Road PP, City of EPCRA Plymouth Plymouth Toro - Plymouth 3424 County Road PP, City of EPCRA Plymouth Plymouth Wal-Mart #3497 428 Walton Dr, Plymouth City of EPCRA Plymouth Plymouth Fire Dept 111 E Main St City of Fire/Rescue Plymouth City Hall 128 Smith St City of Government Plymouth Frontier - 941-51576-83240 118 Division St City of HazMat Plymouth Glacier Transit & Storage 976 Willow Rd City of HazMat Plymouth Glacier Transit & Storage 404 Schwartz St City of HazMat Plymouth Glacier Transit & Storage 128 Appleton St City of HazMat Plymouth Great Lakes Cheese of WI 2602 County Road PP City of HazMat Plymouth Masters Gallery Foods 411 County Road PP City of HazMat Plymouth Sargento Foods Inc 1 Persnickety Place City of HazMat Plymouth
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-3
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Sartori Company 12 W Main St City of HazMat Plymouth Sartori Company 2 E Main St City of HazMat Plymouth Sartori Whey 4200 County Road PP City of HazMat Plymouth Toro - Plymouth 3424 County Road PP City of HazMat Plymouth WalMart - Plymouth 428 Walton Dr City of HazMat Plymouth Arbor View Assisted Living 1900 Arbor View Dr City of Hospital/Clinic Plymouth Aurora 2600 Kiley Way City of Hospital/Clinic Plymouth Aurora Valley View Surgical 901 Reed St City of Hospital/Clinic Center Plymouth Marsho Clinic 515 E Mill St City of Hospital/Clinic Plymouth Plymouth Care Center 916 E Clifford St City of Hospital/Clinic Plymouth Plymouth Family Physicians 1000 Eastern Ave City of Hospital/Clinic Plymouth Prevea Clinic 825 Walton Way City of Hospital/Clinic Plymouth Plymouth Police Dept 128 Smith St City of Law Enforcement Plymouth Cedar View Mobile Home County Rd C City of Manufactured Park Plymouth Housing Community Plymouth Country View 728 State Road 57 City of Manufactured Estates Plymouth Housing Community Armory 625 Sunset Dr City of Military Installation Plymouth Municipal Garage 1004 Valley Rd City of Public Works Plymouth Plymouth Utilities Operations 900 CTH PP City of Public Works Center Plymouth Fairview El 300 Salem Dr City of School Plymouth Horizon El 411 S Highland Ave City of School Plymouth Parkview El 500 Parkview Dr City of School Plymouth
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-4
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Plymouth Hi 125 S Highland Ave City of School Plymouth Riverview Mid 300 Riverside Cir City of School Plymouth St John Lutheran 222 N Stafford St City of School Plymouth St John the Baptist 116 Pleasant St City of School Plymouth Plymouth Utilities CTH PP 2100 CTH PP City of Sewage Treatment Sewage Lift Station Plymouth Plymouth Utilities Willow 1300 S Willow Rd City of Sewage Treatment Sewage Lift Station Plymouth Plymouth Wastewater 625 CTH PP City of Sewage Treatment Treatment Facilities Plymouth Plymouth Utilities Water 800 Summit St City of Water Reservoir No. 1/2 Plymouth Plymouth Utilities Water 900 S Milwaukee St City of Water Supply Well No. 10 Plymouth Plymouth Utilities Water 2109 Sunset Dr City of Water Supply Well No. 11 Plymouth Plymouth Utilities Water 12 Persnickety Pl City of Water Supply Well No. 12 Plymouth Plymouth Utilities Water 423 S Highland Ave City of Water Supply Well No. 13 Plymouth Plymouth Utilities Water 900 S Milwaukee St City of Water Supply Well No. 15 Plymouth Plymouth Utilities Water 900 S Milwaukee St City of Water Supply Well No. 8 Plymouth Azura Memory Care of 2629 Indiana Ave City of Assisted Living Sheboygan Sheboygan Facilities Golden Harbor 505 S Water St City of Assisted Living Sheboygan Facilities Homes for Independent 2307 N 30th St City of Assisted Living Living Sheboygan Facilities Homes for Independent 1411 N 26th St City of Assisted Living Living Sheboygan Facilities Homes for Independent 4545 Prairie View Rd City of Assisted Living Living Sheboygan Facilities Homes for Independent 4170 S 15th St City of Assisted Living Living Sheboygan Facilities Hometown Retirement 920 N 26th St City of Assisted Living Sheboygan Facilities
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-5
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Lutheran Social Services 1202 N 31st St City of Assisted Living Turning Point Facility Sheboygan Facilities Our Place 1117 Clara Ave City of Assisted Living Sheboygan Facilities Sheboygan County Half Way 503 Ontario Ave City of Assisted Living House Sheboygan Facilities The Shores of Sheboygan 3315 & 3319 Superior Ave City of Assisted Living Assisted Living I & II Sheboygan Facilities TLC Homes N 33rd Place 1536 N 33rd Pl City of Assisted Living Sheboygan Facilities Bridge IH 42/STH 23 City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge IH 43/Weeden Creek Rd City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge IH 43/Weeden Creek Rd City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge Lakeshore Dr/Unnamed City of Bridge Water Sheboygan Bridge HWY 43/Sheboygan River City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge HWY 43/Sheboygan River City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge HWY 43/Indiana Ave City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge HWY 43/Railroad City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge Indiana Ave/Sheboygan City of Bridge River Sheboygan Bridge Taylor Dr/Sheboygan River City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge S 36th St/UN Railroad City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge Kohler Memorial Dr/Taylor City of Bridge Dr Sheboygan Bridge HWY 23/Taylor Dr City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge N 21st St/Pigeon River City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge Lakeshore Rd/Pigeon River City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge Superior Ave/UN Railroad City of Bridge Sheboygan
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-6
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Bridge Kohler Memorial Dr/UP City of Bridge Railroad Sheboygan Bridge Niagara Ave/UN Railroad City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge N 14th St/Sheboygan River City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge Pennsylvania City of Bridge Ave/Sheboygan River Sheboygan Bridge S 8th St/Sheboygan River City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge River Park Dr/UP Railroad City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge New Jersey Ave City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge S 11th Street/Unknown City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge Indiana Ave/UP Railroad City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge S 14th St/Kentucky Ave City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge Georgia Ave/UP Railroad City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge Georgia Ave/UP Railroad City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge HWY 28/UP Railroad City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge S Business Dr/Unknown City of Bridge Water Sheboygan Bridge S 18th St/Unknown Water City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge S 12th St/Unknown Water City of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge County Rd V/Black River City of Bridge Sheboygan SBC Station 725 New York Ave City of Communications Sheboygan Taylor Hill Tower 924 N Taylor Dr City of Communications Sheboygan Tower 3001 S 31st St City of Communications Sheboygan Tower 3501 Lakeshore Dr City of Communications Sheboygan
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-7
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Tower 3440 Weeden Creek Rd City of Communications Sheboygan Tower 1829 S 17th St City of Communications Sheboygan Tower 3319 Paine Ave City of Communications Sheboygan Tower 1705 Martine Ave City of Communications Sheboygan Tower 2746 Muth Ct City of Communications Sheboygan Tower 1315 N 23rd St City of Communications Sheboygan Wireless Tower 611 N WATER STREET City of Communications Sheboygan Wireless Tower 4520 S. 12TH STREET City of Communications Sheboygan Wireless Tower 605 N. 8TH STREET City of Communications Sheboygan Wireless Tower 1314 N. 43RD STREET City of Communications Sheboygan Wireless Tower 2931 GEORGIA AVE City of Communications Sheboygan Wireless Tower 812 BROUGHTON DR City of Communications Sheboygan Wireless Tower 4420 S TAYLOR DR City of Communications Sheboygan Wireless Tower 1325 N 23 ST City of Communications Sheboygan City of Sheboygan Emergency 1326 N 25th St City of Disaster Response Operations Center Sheboygan Alliant Energy Facility 4421 Tower Dr City of Electric Sheboygan Edgewater Generator Plant 3739 Lakeshore Dr City of Electric Sheboygan Electric Power Substations S Business Dr City of Electric Sheboygan Electric Power Substations 1718 North Ave City of Electric Sheboygan Electric Power Substations 2217 N Taylor Dr City of Electric Sheboygan Electric Power Substations 2018 Kohler Mem Dr City of Electric Sheboygan
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-8
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Electric Power Substations 824 S 8th St City of Electric Sheboygan Electric Power Substations 2010 S 19th St City of Electric Sheboygan Electric Power Substations 727 Washington Ave City of Electric Sheboygan Electric Power Substations 3024 Washington Ave City of Electric Sheboygan Electric Power Substations 3739 Lakeshore Dr City of Electric Sheboygan Acuity 2800 S Taylor Dr, Sheboygan City of EPCRA Sheboygan American Orthodontics 3524 Washington Ave, City of EPCRA Sheboygan Sheboygan AT&T - PL0406 625 New York Ave, City of EPCRA Sheboygan Sheboygan AT&T - PL12761 630 N 6th St, Sheboygan City of EPCRA Sheboygan Batteries Plus 519 S Taylor Dr, Sheboygan City of EPCRA Sheboygan HTT World Stamping 1828 Oakland Ave, City of EPCRA Sheboygan Sheboygan J L Di-Coat 1213 S 7th St, Sheboygan City of EPCRA Sheboygan Momentive Specialty 2522 S 24th St, Sheboygan City of EPCRA Chemicals Inc. Sheboygan Nemak USA Inc. - Gateway 4243 Gateway Dr, City of EPCRA Plant Sheboygan Sheboygan Nemak USA Inc. - Taylor Plant 3101 S Taylor Dr, Sheboygan City of EPCRA Sheboygan Old Wisconsin Sausage Co 4036 Weeden Creek Rd, City of EPCRA Sheboygan Sheboygan Old Wisconsin Sausage Co. 2413 Union Ave, Sheboygan City of EPCRA Sheboygan Piggly Wiggly Midwest Inc. 2215 Union Ave, Sheboygan City of EPCRA Sheboygan Plastics Engineering Co. 2732 N 15th St, Sheboygan City of EPCRA (PLENCO) Sheboygan Rockline Industries 1113 Maryland Ave, City of EPCRA Sheboygan Sheboygan Sheboygan Paint Co. 1439 N 25th St, Sheboygan City of EPCRA Sheboygan
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-9
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE The Vollrath Company, LLC 1236 N 18th St, Sheboygan City of EPCRA Sheboygan Three Twins Ice Cream 816 Michigan Ave, City of EPCRA Sheboygan Sheboygan Wal-Mart #1276 3711 S Taylor Dr, Sheboygan City of EPCRA Sheboygan WP&L - Edgewater 3739 Lakeshore Dr, City of EPCRA Generating Station Sheboygan Sheboygan Orange Cross 1919 Ashland Ave City of Fire/Rescue Sheboygan Sheboygan City Fire/Rescue 833 New York Ave City of Fire/Rescue Station #1 Sheboygan Sheboygan City Fire/Rescue 2413 S 18th Ave City of Fire/Rescue Station #2 Sheboygan Sheboygan City Fire/Rescue 1326 N 25th St City of Fire/Rescue Station #3 Sheboygan Sheboygan City Fire/Rescue 2622 N 15th St City of Fire/Rescue Station #4 Sheboygan Sheboygan City Fire/Rescue 4504 S 18th Ave City of Fire/Rescue Station #5 Sheboygan City Hall 828 Center Ave City of Government Sheboygan County Administration 508 New York Ave City of Government Sheboygan County Public Health 1011 N 8th St City of Government Department Sheboygan Health and Human Services 1011 N 8th St City of Government Sheboygan Acuity 2800 S Taylor Dr City of HazMat Sheboygan American Orthodontics 3524 Washington Ave City of HazMat Sheboygan Ameritech - Sheboygan Co 625 New York Ave City of HazMat PL0406 Sheboygan AT&T - P12761 630 N 6th St City of HazMat Sheboygan Edgewater Generating 3739 Lakeshore Dr City of HazMat Station Sheboygan Hexion Inc 2522 S 24th St City of HazMat Sheboygan HTT Inc 1828 Oakland Ave City of HazMat Sheboygan
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-10
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE J L Di-Coat 1213 S 7th St City of HazMat Sheboygan Nemak USA Inc - Gateway 4243 Gateway Dr City of HazMat Plant Sheboygan Nemak USA Inc - Taylor Plant 3101 S Taylor Dr City of HazMat Sheboygan Old Wisconsin Sausage Co. 2413 Union Ave City of HazMat Sheboygan Old Wisconsin Sausage Co. 4036 Weeden Creek Rd City of HazMat Sheboygan Piggly Wiggly Midwest LLC 2215 Union Ave City of HazMat Sheboygan Plastics Engineering Co 2732 N 15th St City of HazMat Sheboygan Rockline Industries 1113 Maryland Ave City of HazMat Sheboygan SAFCO Products 1213 Pennsylvania Ave City of HazMat Sheboygan Sheboygan Paint Company 1439 N 25th St City of HazMat Sheboygan The Vollrath Company LLC 1236 N 18th St City of HazMat Sheboygan Three Twins Ice Cream 816 Michigan Ave City of HazMat Company Inc Sheboygan Lakeshore Community Health 1721 Seamann Ave City of Hospital/Clinic Care Sheboygan Sheboygan Memorial 2629 N 7th St City of Hospital/Clinic Hospital Sheboygan St Nicholas Hospital 3100 Superior Ave City of Hospital/Clinic Sheboygan City Police Department 1315 N 23rd St City of Law Enforcement Sheboygan County Sheriff 525 N 6th St City of Law Enforcement Department/Jail Sheboygan Courthouse 615 N 6th St City of Law Enforcement Sheboygan Police Impound Garage 2026 New Jersey Ave City of Law Enforcement Sheboygan Sheboygan County Detention 2923 S 31st St City of Law Enforcement Center Sheboygan Indian Meadows 63 South Hiawatha Cr City of Manufactured Sheboygan Housing Community
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-11
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Sommer's Woodhaven 4441 South 12th St City of Manufactured Mobile Home Park Sheboygan Housing Community Army Reserve Center 2913 Erie Ave City of Military Installation Sheboygan US Coast Guard 209 Pennsylvania Ave City of Military Installation Sheboygan WPS Office 933 S Wildwood Ave City of Natural Gas Sheboygan Department of Public Works 2026 New Jersey Ave City of Public Works Sheboygan Bethlehem Lutheran 1121 Georgia Ave City of School Sheboygan Central Hi 621 S Water St City of School Sheboygan Christ Child Academy 2722 Henry St City of School Sheboygan Cooper El 2014 Cooper Ave City of School Sheboygan Early Learning Ctr 1227 Wilson Ave City of School Sheboygan Ebenezer Christian 610 N 25th St City of School Sheboygan Etude El 3508 N 21st St City of School Sheboygan Etude Hi 834 Virginia Ave City of School Sheboygan Etude Mid 843 Jefferson Ave City of School Sheboygan Farnsworth Mid 1017 Union Ave City of School Sheboygan George D. Warriner Mid/Hi 712 Riverfront Dr City of School Sheboygan Grant El 1528 N 5th St City of School Sheboygan Horace Mann Mid 2820 Union Ave City of School Sheboygan Immanuel Lutheran 1626 Illinois Ave City of School Sheboygan Jackson El 2530 Weeden Creek Rd City of School Sheboygan James Madison El 2302 David Ave City of School Sheboygan
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-12
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Jefferson El 1538 N 15th St City of School Sheboygan Lake Country Academy 4101 Technology Pkwy City of School Sheboygan Lincoln-Erdman El 4101 N 50th St City of School Sheboygan Longfellow El 819 Kentucky Ave City of School Sheboygan North Hi 2926 N 10th St City of School Sheboygan Pigeon River El 3508 N 21st St City of School Sheboygan Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton 814 Superior Ave City of School Sheboygan Saint Paul Lutheran 1819 N 13th St City of School Sheboygan Sheboygan Area Lutheran 3323 University Dr City of School Sheboygan Sheboygan Christian 418 Geele Ave City of School Sheboygan Sheboygan Leadership 1305 St Clair Ave City of School Academy Sheboygan Sheridan El 1412 Maryland Ave City of School Sheboygan South Hi 1240 Washington Ave City of School Sheboygan Trinity Lutheran Grade Sch 824 Wisconsin Ave City of School Sheboygan Urban Mid 1226 North Ave City of School Sheboygan Warriner 712 Riverfront Dr City of School Sheboygan Wilson El 1625 Wilson Ave City of School Sheboygan Lift Station N 3rd St City of Sewage Treatment Sheboygan Lift Station S 7th Ave City of Sewage Treatment Sheboygan Lift Station 2805 Indiana Ave City of Sewage Treatment Sheboygan Lift Station S Business Dr City of Sewage Treatment Sheboygan
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-13
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Sheboygan Wastewater 3333 Lakeshore Dr City of Sewage Treatment Treatment Sheboygan Critical Water Storage Tank 927 N Taylor Dr City of Water Sheboygan Critical Water Storage Tank 2925 Georgia Ave City of Water Sheboygan Critical Water Storage Tank 4435 Gateway Dr City of Water Sheboygan Critical Water Storage Tank 4024 Erie Ave City of Water Sheboygan KK Station 1200 Stahl Rd City of Water Sheboygan Sheboygan Water Utility 72 Park Ave City of Water Sheboygan Water Tower 2900 Washington Ave City of Water Sheboygan Haven Drive Assisted Living 220 Haven Dr City of Assisted Living Sheboygan Facilities Falls Pine Haven Christian Home 531 Gidding Ave City of Assisted Living Sheboygan Facilities Falls Woodland Manor 851 Fond du Lac Ave City of Assisted Living Sheboygan Facilities Falls Bridge Broadway St/Sheboygan City of Bridge River Sheboygan Falls Bridge Monroe St/Sheboygan River City of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge STH 28/Onion River City of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge Broadway St/Onion River City of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Phone 704 Broadway St City of Communications Sheboygan Falls
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-14
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE WCLB 950 Radio Towers N Main St City of Communications Sheboygan Falls Wireless Tower 661 WESTERN AVE City of Communications Sheboygan Falls Wireless Tower 315-A FOREST AVE. City of Communications Sheboygan Falls Dam Sheboygan River City of Dam Sheboygan Falls Dam Mullet River City of Dam Sheboygan Falls Electric Power Substation Old County Rd PP City of Electric Sheboygan Falls Electric Power Substation 111 Hamann Dr City of Electric Sheboygan Falls Electric Power Substations Monroe St City of Electric Sheboygan Falls Electric Power Substations 608 Water St City of Electric Sheboygan Falls Electric Power Substations Jackson St City of Electric Sheboygan Falls AT&T - PL0401 704 Broadway St, Sheboygan City of EPCRA Falls Sheboygan Falls Bemis Manufacturing Co. - 300 Mill St, Sheboygan Falls City of EPCRA Plant B Sheboygan Falls Curt G Joa Inc. 100 Crocker Ave, Sheboygan City of EPCRA Falls Sheboygan Falls Rockline Industries N5252 County Road TT, City of EPCRA Sheboygan Falls Sheboygan Falls
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-15
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Rockline Industries - Birch 100 Birch Rd, Ste. B, C & D, City of EPCRA Warehouse Sheboygan Falls Sheboygan Falls Rockline Industries - Willow 950 Willow Dr Ste. D, E & F, City of EPCRA Warehouse Sheboygan Fallls Sheboygan Falls Spartech Packaging 360 Rangeline Rd, City of EPCRA Technologies Sheboygan Falls Sheboygan Falls City of Sheboygan Falls Fire 375 Buffalo St City of Fire/Rescue Dept Sheboygan Falls City Hall 375 Buffalo St City of Government Sheboygan Falls Bemis Manufacturing Co. - 300 Mill St City of HazMat Plant B Sheboygan Falls Curt G Joa, Inc 100 Crocker Ave City of HazMat Sheboygan Falls Rockline Industries N5252 County Road TT City of HazMat Sheboygan Falls Rockline Industries - Birch 100 Birch Rd City of HazMat Warehouse Sheboygan Falls Rockline Industries - Willow 985 Willow Dr City of HazMat Warehouse Sheboygan Falls Spartech LLC 360 Rangeline Rd City of HazMat Sheboygan Falls WI Bell - Sheboygan Falls Co 704 Broadway St City of HazMat 7 - PL0401 Sheboygan Falls Aurora 1146 Plankview Green Blvd City of Hospital/Clinic Sheboygan Falls Sheboygan Falls Police Dept 375 Buffalo St City of Law Enforcement Sheboygan Falls
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-16
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Acacia Falls 801 Acacia City of Manufactured Sheboygan Housing Community Falls DPW 111 Hamann Dr City of Public Works Sheboygan Falls Sheboygan Falls El 1 Alfred W Miley Ave City of School Sheboygan Falls Sheboygan Falls Hi 220 Amherst Ave City of School Sheboygan Falls Sheboygan Falls Mid 2 Alfred W Miley Ave City of School Sheboygan Falls Water Storage and Booster 661 Western Ave City of Water Sheboygan Falls Water Supply Well 10 Fond Du Lac Ave City of Water Sheboygan Falls Water Tower Forest Ave City of Water Sheboygan Falls Water Tower Old County Rd PP City of Water Sheboygan Falls Bridge CTH A/Mullet River Town of Bridge Greenbush Bridge CTH A/Mullet River Town of Bridge Greenbush Bridge Plank Rd/Mullet River Town of Bridge Greenbush Bridge Spring Valley Rd/Mullet Town of Bridge River Greenbush Bridge Center Rd/Mullet River Town of Bridge Greenbush Bridge Clark St/Mullet River Town of Bridge Greenbush Bridge N Division Rd/Mullet River Town of Bridge Greenbush Bridge Center Rd/Mullet River Town of Bridge Greenbush
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-17
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE JSM Radio Tower W7385 State Hwy 67 Town of Communications Greenbush Phone W7787 Center St Town of Communications Greenbush Tower N6644 County Rd S Town of Communications Greenbush Tower N5621 Hillcrest Dr Town of Communications Greenbush Tower N5455 Division Rd Town of Communications Greenbush Tower W7042 Wildberry Hill Rd Town of Communications Greenbush Tower - KMCI W9071 Forest Dr Town of Communications Greenbush WXER 104.5/96.1 Radio W7166 State Hwy 67 Town of Communications Tower Greenbush Dam NA Town of Dam Greenbush Town Hall/Fire Dept N6644 Sugarbush Rd Town of Government Greenbush Kettle Moraine Correctional W9071 Forest Dr Town of Law Enforcement Institution Greenbush Plank Circle N6466 Plank Cr Town of Manufactured Greenbush Housing Community W9202 County Rd C Town of Natural Gas Greenbush KMCI Water Tower W9071 Forest Dr Town of Water Greenbush Bridge CTH MM/Pigeon River Town of Bridge Herman Bridge CTH A/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Herman Bridge STH 42/Pigeon River Town of Bridge Herman Bridge Orchard Rd//Pigeon River Town of Bridge Herman Bridge Willow Rd/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Herman Bridge Main Rd/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Herman Bridge Franklin Rd/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Herman
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-18
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Bridge CTH FF/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Herman Bridge Garton Rd/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Herman Bridge Playbird Rd/Pigeon River Town of Bridge Herman Bridge Meadowlark Rd/Fisher Creek Town of Bridge Herman Bridge CTH FF/Pigeon River Town of Bridge Herman Bridge County Line Rd/Pigeon River Town of Bridge Herman Bridge County Line Rd/Pigeon River Town of Bridge Herman Bridge County Line Rd/Pigeon River Town of Bridge Herman Bridge Main Rd/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Herman Bridge CTH A Main/Sheboygan Town of Bridge River Herman Tower N8220 Rangeline Rd Town of Communications Herman Tower N7956 Highland Rd Town of Communications Herman Wireless Tower W2975 CTY TK MM Town of Communications Herman Electric Power Substation W2603 County Rd FF Town of Electric Herman Ada Fire Dept W3984 Highway 32 Town of Fire/Rescue Herman Town Hall N8139 Franklin Rd Town of Government Herman N8141 Meadowlark Rd Town of Natural Gas Herman Bridge IH 43/Center Ave Town of Bridge Holland Bridge CTH A/Onion River Town of Bridge Holland Bridge IH 43/Dewitt Rd Town of Bridge Holland Bridge IH 43/Dewitt Rd Town of Bridge Holland
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-19
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Bridge IH 43/Smies Rd Town of Bridge Holland Bridge IH 43/Smies Rd Town of Bridge Holland Bridge CTH G/Onion River Town of Bridge Holland Bridge CTH G/Onion River Town of Bridge Holland Bridge CTH RR/Unnamed Water Town of Bridge Holland Bridge CTH RR/Unnamed Water Town of Bridge Holland Bridge STH 32/IH 43 Town of Bridge Holland Bridge IH 43/Amsterdam Rd Town of Bridge Holland Bridge IH 43/Amsterdam Rd Town of Bridge Holland Bridge Hoitink Rd/Unnamed Water Town of Bridge Holland Bridge Hoitink Rd/Onion River Town of Bridge Holland Bridge CTH D/Unnamed Water Town of Bridge Holland Bridge Eernisse Rd/Onion River Town of Bridge Holland Bridge Risseeuw Rd/Onion River Town of Bridge Holland Bridge Risseeuw Rd/Unnamed Town of Bridge Water Holland Bridge CTH GW/Unnamed Water Town of Bridge Holland Bridge CTH GW/Unnamed Water Town of Bridge Holland Bridge CTH KW/Onion River Town of Bridge Holland Bridge CTH A/Onion River Town of Bridge Holland Bridge County Road K Town of Bridge Holland Bridge HWY 43/County Rd K Town of Bridge Holland
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-20
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Bridge HWY 43/County Rd K Town of Bridge Holland Tower W2263 Smies Rd Town of Communications Holland Tower N188 CTH LL Town of Communications Holland Electric Power Substation W3999 Risseeuw Rd Town of Electric Holland Town Hall W3005 County Rd G Town of Government Holland County Rd A Town of Natural Gas Holland County Rd D Town of Natural Gas Holland Bridge STH 32/Onion River Town of Lima Bridge Bridge CTH V/Onion River Town of Lima Bridge Bridge Bridge Rd/Onion River Town of Lima Bridge Bridge Ourtown Rd/Onion River Town of Lima Bridge Bridge CTH OO/Onion River Town of Lima Bridge Bridge CTH W/Unnamed Water Town of Lima Bridge Bridge CTH W/Onion River Town of Lima Bridge Bridge Camp Riversite Rd/Onion Town of Lima Bridge River Bridge STH 32/Unnamed Water Town of Lima Bridge Old County Hospital Tower N3773 Garden Pkwy Town of Lima Communications Tower W2130 Koene Ct Town of Lima Communications Tower N3589 Atlanta Rd Town of Lima Communications Dam Onion River Town of Lima Dam Electric Power Substations N4703 Brusse Rd Town of Lima Electric Electric Power Substations W2639 Clearview Rd Town of Lima Electric Town Hall N3689 County Rd I Town of Lima Government Gibbsville Sanitary District W2401 County Rd OK W Town of Lima Sewage Treatment Onion River Wastewater W4311 Water St Town of Lima Sewage Treatment Water Tower N3773 Garden Pkwy Town of Lima Water Bridge CTH E/Onion River Town of Bridge Lyndon Bridge Blueberry Ln/Onion River Town of Bridge Lyndon Bridge CTH N/Onion River Town of Bridge Lyndon
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-21
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Bridge CTH V/Onion River Town of Bridge Lyndon Bridge Clearview Rd/Onion River Town of Bridge Lyndon Bridge CTH NN/Unnamed Water Town of Bridge Lyndon Bridge CTH NN/N Branch Town of Bridge Milwaukee River Lyndon Bridge Silver Creek Cascade Rd/N Town of Bridge Branch Milwaukee Rd Lyndon Bridge CTH U/Onion River Town of Bridge Lyndon Bridge Winooski Rd/Onion River Town of Bridge Lyndon Bridge CTH W/N Branch Milwaukee Town of Bridge River Lyndon Phone W5975 State Hwy 28 Town of Communications Lyndon Tower W5688 County Rd V Town of Communications Lyndon Wireless Tower W4792 CTY TK IW Town of Communications Lyndon Wireless Tower N4355 STATE HIGHWAY 57 Town of Communications Lyndon Dam NA Town of Dam Lyndon Dam Lake Ellen Town of Dam Lyndon Electric Power Substations W5206 Clearview Rd Town of Electric Lyndon Town Hall N6135 County Rd N Town of Government Lyndon Hager's Hilly Haven N2827 Dusty Ln Town of Manufactured Campground Lyndon Housing Community Harbor Lights W6294 Harbor Lights Rd Town of Manufactured Lyndon Housing Community County Rd E Town of Natural Gas Lyndon W5698 County Rd V Town of Natural Gas Lyndon County Highway Department W6451 State Hwy 28 Town of Public Works Lyndon
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-22
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Bridge CTH W/Chambers Creek Town of Bridge Mitchell Wireless Tower N4590 COUNTY HWY V Town of Communications Mitchell Wireless Tower W7257 PARNELL RD. Town of Communications Mitchell Town Hall W8095 Parnell Rd Town of Government Mitchell KMCI Sewage Treatment W9071 Forest Dr Town of Sewage Treatment Mitchell Bridge Garton Rd/IH 43 Town of Mosel Bridge Bridge Playbird Rd/IH 43 Town of Mosel Bridge Bridge County Line Rd/IH 43 Town of Mosel Bridge Bridge Orchard Rd/IH 43 Town of Mosel Bridge Bridge CTH MM/Sevenmile Creek Town of Mosel Bridge Bridge CTH MM/IH 43 Town of Mosel Bridge Bridge Luelloff Rd/Sevenmile Creek Town of Mosel Bridge Bridge CTH LS/Sevenmile Creek Town of Mosel Bridge Bridge CTH FF/IH 43 Town of Mosel Bridge Bridge Rowe Rd/IH 43 Town of Mosel Bridge Bridge Luelloff Rd/Sevenmile Creek Town of Mosel Bridge Fed Ex 3510 Playbird Rd Town of Mosel Chemical Tower W1545 County Rd MM Town of Mosel Communications Tower N7677 Garton Ct Town of Mosel Communications Tower N8137 Rangeline Rd Town of Mosel Communications Tower W1534 Orchard Rd Town of Mosel Communications Wireless Tower 1111 WEST RIVERSIDE DRIVE Town of Mosel Communications Wireless Tower N8501 CTY LS Town of Mosel Communications Wireless Tower N7677 GARTON COURT Town of Mosel Communications Wireless Tower N8569 CTY TK LS Town of Mosel Communications Kohler Co. Generator Div. N7650 Lakeshore Rd, Town of Mosel EPCRA Sheboygan Haven Fire Department W980 CTH FF Town of Mosel Fire/Rescue Town Hall W982 County Rd FF Town of Mosel Government Kohler Company - Generator N7650 Lakeshore Rd Town of Mosel HazMat Division County Highway Department N7563 State Hwy 42 Town of Mosel Public Works Quit Qui Oc Manor 1200 Reed St Town of Assisted Living Plymouth Facilities
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-23
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Bridge Blueberry Ln/Mullet River Town of Bridge Plymouth Bridge S Milwaukee St/Mullet River Town of Bridge Plymouth Bridge STH 23/STH 57 Town of Bridge Plymouth Bridge STH 23/STH 57 Town of Bridge Plymouth Bridge CTH J/Otter Creek Town of Bridge Plymouth Bridge CTH J/Otter Creek Town of Bridge Plymouth Bridge STH 23/STH 67-Mullet River Town of Bridge Plymouth Bridge STH 23/Riverview-Rd Sunset Town of Bridge Dr-Railroad Plymouth Bridge STH 67/Mullet River Town of Bridge Plymouth Bridge STH 57/Mullet River Town of Bridge Plymouth Bridge Pleasant View Rd/Mullet Town of Bridge River Plymouth Bridge Short Cut Rd/Mullet River Town of Bridge Plymouth Bridge Woodland Rd/Mullet River Town of Bridge Plymouth Bridge Willow Rd/Otter Creek Town of Bridge Plymouth Bridge STH 57/Unnamed Water Town of Bridge Plymouth Bridge STH 23/Unnamed Water Town of Bridge Plymouth Bridge River Heights Rd/Mullet Town of Bridge River Plymouth Bridge STH 23/STH 67-Mullet River Town of Bridge Plymouth Bridge STH 23/Riverview-Rd Sunset Town of Bridge Dr-Railroad Plymouth Bridge HWY 57/Otter Creek Town of Bridge Plymouth Bridge HWY 23/HWY C Town of Bridge Plymouth
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-24
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Town of Plymouth HWY 67/Ben Nutt Creek Town of Bridge Plymouth Rocky Knoll Radio Tower N7135 Rocky Knoll Pkwy Town of Communications Plymouth Tower N5189 State Hwy 67 Town of Communications Plymouth Tower N6607 County Rd P Town of Communications Plymouth Tower - Fairgrounds Fairview Dr Town of Communications Plymouth Tower - Road America W5832 County Rd J Town of Communications Plymouth WJUB 1420 N5569 State Hwy 57 Town of Communications Plymouth Dam Mullet River Town of Dam Plymouth Dam Mullet River Town of Dam Plymouth County Emergency W5741 County Road J Town of Disaster Response Operations Center Plymouth Electric Power Substations 642 S Milwaukee St Town of Electric Plymouth Electric Power Substations 642 S Milwaukee St Town of Electric Plymouth Fleet Farm 3110 Eastern Ave, Plymouth Town of EPCRA Plymouth Plymouth Fire Dept 120 Suhrke Rd Town of Fire/Rescue Plymouth Town Hall 120 Suhrke Rd Town of Government Plymouth Mills Fleet Farm 3110 Eastern Ave Town of HazMat Plymouth Rocky Knoll HCC N7135 Rock Knoll Pkwy Town of Hospital/Clinic Plymouth Plymouth Rock Campground N7271 Lando St Town of Manufactured Plymouth Housing Community County Highway Department W5741 County Road J Town of Public Works Plymouth Plymouth Utilities Water RPV 3200 CTH PP Town of Water Station No. 1 Plymouth Water Tower N7235 Rocky Knoll Pkwy Town of Water Plymouth Bridge CTH EH/Sheboygan River Town of Rhine Bridge
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-25
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Bridge CTH MM/Sheboygan River Town of Rhine Bridge Bridge STH 57/Sheboygan River Town of Rhine Bridge Bridge CTH MC/Sheboygan River Town of Rhine Bridge Bridge CTH MM/Sheboygan River Town of Rhine Bridge Bridge STH 57/CTH A Town of Rhine Bridge Bridge Willow Rd/Sheboygan River Town of Rhine Bridge Tower N8429 State Hwy 57 Town of Rhine Communications Tower N8364 State Hwy 57 Town of Rhine Communications Wireless Tower N9363 HWY 57 Town of Rhine Communications Electric Power Substations N7865 County Rd P Town of Rhine Electric Town Hall W5250 County Road FF Town of Rhine Government Garton Rd Town of Rhine Natural Gas Bridge CTH J/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Russell Dam Sheboygan River Town of Dam Russell Town Hall N9691 County Rd H Town of Government Russell W6963 County Rd SR Town of Natural Gas Russell Beechwood Rest Home N1495 County Road A West Town of Scott Assisted Living Facilities Bridge STH 28/Batavia Creek Town of Scott Bridge Bridge Cranberry Rd/Mink Creek Town of Scott Bridge Bridge CTH D/Mink Creek Town of Scott Bridge Bridge STH 28 & 144/Mink Creek Town of Scott Bridge Bridge STH 144/Mink Creek Town of Scott Bridge Bridge STH 144/Mink Creek Town of Scott Bridge Bridge STH 144/N Branch Town of Scott Bridge Milwaukee River Bridge Boltonville Rd/Mink Creek Town of Scott Bridge Bridge CTH S/Mink Creek Town of Scott Bridge ANR Radio Tower W8656 Tower Dr Town of Scott Communications Wireless Tower N1360 STATE HIGHWAY 28 Town of Scott Communications Wireless Tower N2113 STATE ROAD 28 Town of Scott Communications Dam Mink Creek Town of Scott Dam Beechwood Fire Department W8451 County Rd S Town of Scott Fire/Rescue Town Hall N1306 Boltonville Rd Town of Scott Government
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-26
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE 4 Seasons Mobile Home Park W9029 Crooked Lake Dr Town of Scott Manufactured Housing Community Hoeft’s Mobile Home Park & W9070 Crooked Lake Dr Town of Scott Manufactured Campground Housing Community Countryside Manor 4221 Kadlec Dr Town of Assisted Living Sheboygan Facilities Countryside Manor West 4228 Kadlec Dr Town of Assisted Living Sheboygan Facilities Homes for Independent 1302 & 1304 N 49th St Town of Assisted Living Living Sheboygan Facilities Sheboygan Senior 3505 County Road Y Town of Assisted Living Community Sheboygan Facilities Bridge Rangeline Rd/Pigeon River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge CTH J/Pigeon River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge Rangeline Rd/STH 23 Town of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge IH 43/STH 42 Town of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge IH 43/STH 42 Town of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge IH 43/CTH J Town of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge Mueller Rd/IH 43 Town of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge IH 43/Pigeon River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge IH 43/Pigeon River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge IH 43/Superior Ave Town of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge IH 43/Superior Ave Town of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge IH 42/STH 23 Town of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge IH 42/STH 23 Town of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge IH 42/STH 23 Town of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge CTH Y/Pigeon River Town of Bridge Sheboygan
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-27
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Bridge IH 43/STH 28 Town of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge IH 43/STH 28 Town of Bridge Sheboygan Bridge IH 43/CTH J Town of Bridge Sheboygan Tower 1814 N 44th St Town of Communications Sheboygan Wireless Tower 1814 N 44TH STREET Town of Communications Sheboygan Wireless Tower W1942 CTY J Town of Communications Sheboygan Wireless Tower 5300 HWY 42 Town of Communications Sheboygan Wireless Towers 3770 Enterprise Dr Town of Communications Sheboygan Electric Power Substations 4417 County Rd J Town of Electric Sheboygan Wal-Mart # 3324 4433 Vanguard Dr, Town of EPCRA Sheboygan Sheboygan Town of Sheboygan Fire Dept 3911 County Rd Y Town of Fire/Rescue Sheboygan Park Shelter 3805 CTH Y Town of Government Sheboygan Town Hall 1512 N 40th St Town of Government Sheboygan 534 S 28th St Town of Natural Gas Sheboygan Town Public Works/Utilities 3805 Enterprise Dr Town of Public Works Building Sheboygan Lift Station 1100 Riverview Dr Town of Sewage Treatment Sheboygan Lift Station 2215 County Rd Y Town of Sewage Treatment Sheboygan Lift Station 5101 Blackstock Rd Town of Sewage Treatment Sheboygan Lift Station 2101 Playbird Rd Town of Sewage Treatment Sheboygan Lift Station W1814 County Rd J Town of Sewage Treatment Sheboygan Lift Station 4009 Erie Ave Town of Sewage Treatment Sheboygan
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-28
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Lift Station N 47th St Town of Sewage Treatment Sheboygan Lift Station Cardinal Dr Town of Sewage Treatment Sheboygan Water Supply Well 5058 Lakeshore Rd Town of Water Sheboygan Water Supply Well 3329 N 48th Pl Town of Water Sheboygan Water Supply Well 5221 Superior Ave Town of Water Sheboygan Water Supply Well 5058 Lakeshore Rd Town of Water Sheboygan Water Tower 3770 Enterprise Dr Town of Water Sheboygan Water Tower 1512 N 40th St Town of Water Sheboygan Sheboygan Co Memorial N6180 Resource Dr Town of Airport Airport Sheboygan Falls Bridge STH 23/STH 32 Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge STH 23/STH 32 Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge CTH JM/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge CTH J/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge CTH M/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge CTH C/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge Rio Rd/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-29
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Bridge CTH O/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge CTH M/Muller River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge Old County Rd PP/Mullet Town of Bridge River Sheboygan Falls Bridge Willow Rd/Mullet River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge Woodland Road/Sheboygan Town of Bridge River Sheboygan Falls Bridge CTH PP/Unnamed Water Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge Sumac Rd/Muller River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge Meadowlark Rd/Sheboygan Town of Bridge River Sheboygan Falls Bridge Woodland Rd/Unnamed Town of Bridge Water Sheboygan Falls Bridge CTH O/Unnamed Water Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge Alpine Rd/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge CTH TT/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge STH 23/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls Bridge STH 23/Sheboygan River Town of Bridge Sheboygan Falls
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-30
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Phone N6853 State Hwy 32 Town of Communications Sheboygan Falls Radio? N5764 CTH TT Town of Communications Sheboygan Falls Tower N5711 Willow Rd Town of Communications Sheboygan Falls Tower 454 N Bluebird Ln Town of Communications Sheboygan Falls Tower N 6063 Willow Rd Town of Communications Sheboygan Falls Johnsonville Dam Sheboygan River Town of Dam Sheboygan Falls Alliant Energy Peaker Plant N5787 Bridgewood Rd Town of Electric Sheboygan Falls Plymouth Utilities Substation N6025 Willow Rd Town of Electric No.3 Sheboygan Falls Plymouth Utilities Substation N7070 Knoll Rd Town of Electric No.4 Sheboygan Falls Johnsonville Sausage N6928 Johnsonville Way, Town of EPCRA Sheboygan Falls Sheboygan Falls WP&L - Sheboygan Falls N5787 Bridgewood Rd, Town of EPCRA Energy Facility Sheboygan Falls Sheboygan Falls Johnsonville Fire Department W4284 County RD JM Town of Fire/Rescue Sheboygan Falls Town of Sheboygan Falls Fire N5480 County Road TT Town of Fire/Rescue Dept Sheboygan Falls Town Hall W 3860 CTH O Town of Government Sheboygan Falls
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-31
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Johnsonville LLC N6928 Johnsonville Way Town of HazMat Sheboygan Falls Sheboygan Falls Energy N5787 Bridgewood Rd Town of HazMat Facility Sheboygan Falls Bains W2220 County Rd O Town of Manufactured Sheboygan Housing Community Falls W3970 County Rd C Town of Natural Gas Sheboygan Falls Highland Rd Town of Natural Gas Sheboygan Falls Highland Rd Town of Natural Gas Sheboygan Falls N5876 Rangeline Rd Town of Natural Gas Sheboygan Falls Bridge CTH I/Silver Creek Town of Bridge Sherman Bridge CTH A/N Branch Milwaukee Town of Bridge River Sherman Bridge Silver Creek Cascade Rd/N Town of Bridge Branch Milwaukee River Sherman Bridge Silver Creek Cascade Rd/N Town of Bridge Branch Milwaukee River Sherman Bridge CTH SS/N Branch Milwaukee Town of Bridge River Sherman Bridge Camp Awana Rd/Silver Creek Town of Bridge Sherman Bridge CTH DE/Silver Creek Town of Bridge Sherman Bridge Creek Rd/Silver Creek Town of Bridge Sherman Bridge Creek Rd/Silver Creek Town of Bridge Sherman Bridge Abbott Dr/N Branch Town of Bridge Milwaukee River Sherman Bridge STH 144/Allen Rd-Railroad Town of Bridge Sherman
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-32
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Tower W4698 County Rd D Town of Communications Sherman Vorpahl Radio Tower N702 CTH CC Town of Communications Sherman Dam North Branch Milwaukee Town of Dam River Sherman Silver Creek Fire Department W6566 Highway 144 Town of Fire/Rescue Sherman Town Hall W6566 State Hwy 144 Town of Government Sherman Wolf Rd Town of Natural Gas Sherman Bridge S Business Dr/Railroad Town of Bridge Wilson Bridge S 12th St/Unnamed Water Town of Bridge Wilson Bridge IH 43/Railroad Town of Bridge Wilson Bridge IH 43/Railroad Town of Bridge Wilson Bridge CTH A/Weeden Creek Town of Bridge Wilson Bridge IH 43/CTH V Town of Bridge Wilson Bridge IH 43/CTH V Town of Bridge Wilson Bridge IH 43/Wilson Lima Rd Town of Bridge Wilson Bridge IH 43/Wilson Lima Rd Town of Bridge Wilson Bridge W Evergreen Dr/Black River Town of Bridge Wilson Bridge Stahl Rd/Weedens Creek Town of Bridge Wilson Bridge Old Park Rd/Black River Town of Bridge Wilson Bridge Wilson Lima Rd/Black River Town of Bridge Wilson Bridge Minderhaud Rd/Black River Town of Bridge Wilson Bridge Indian Mound Rd/Black River Town of Bridge Wilson
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-33
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Bridge Town Line Rd/IH 43 Town of Bridge Wilson Bridge Weeden Creek Rd/Weedons Town of Bridge Creek Wilson Tower 5217 County Rd A Town of Communications Wilson Wireless Tower 5702 WILSON LIMA RD Town of Communications Wilson Glacier Transit & Storage Inc. 4910 Frontage Rd, Town of EPCRA Sheboygan Wilson Millipore-Sigma 5485 County Road V, Town of EPCRA Sheboygan Falls Wilson Wilson-Black River Fire 5536 Evergreen DR Town of Fire/Rescue Department Wilson Town Hall 5933 South Business Dr Town of Government Wilson Glacier Transit & Storage 4910 Frontage Rd Town of HazMat Wilson Millapore-Sigma 5485 County Road V Town of HazMat Wilson County Highway Department 7614 Frontage Rd Town of Public Works Wilson Millapore-Sigma Station 5436 County Rd V Town of Water Wilson Curtis Station 300 Wahgouly Rd Town of Water Wilson Lakeshore Station 4300 Lakeshore Dr Town of Water Wilson Schinker Creek Station 1606 County Rd V Town of Water Wilson Adell Cooperative Union 707 Mill St, Adell Village of Adell EPCRA Milk Specialties Co. 627 Maine Ave, Adell Village of Adell EPCRA Adell Fire Department 508 Seifert Street Village of Adell Fire/Rescue Village Hall 508 Seifert Street Village of Adell Government Adell Cooperative Union 707 Mill St Village of Adell HazMat Milk Specialties Global 627 Maine Ave Village of Adell HazMat Edgewood Ave Village of Adell Natural Gas Adell Ingredients 503 Mill St Village of Adell Sewage Treatment Water Supply Well Adell Ave Village of Adell Water Water Tower 608 Tower Ave Village of Adell Water
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-34
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Tower N3191 Bates Rd Village of Communications Cascade Dam North Branch Milwaukee Village of Dam River Cascade Village of Cascade Well #1 301 1st St, Cascade Village of EPCRA Cascade Cascade Fire Dept 501 Milwaukee Ave Village of Fire/Rescue Cascade Village Hall and Police 301 1st St Village of Government Department Cascade Village of Cascade Well #1 303 1st St Village of HazMat Cascade State Hwy 28 Village of Natural Gas Cascade 601 Milwaukee Ave Village of Natural Gas Cascade Cascade N3191 Bates Rd Village of Sewage Treatment Cascade Water Supply Well 301 1st St Village of Water Cascade Water Supply Well North St/Clark St Village of Water Cascade Water Tower Lake St Village of Water Cascade Cedar Grove Gardens I 606 W Van Altena Ave Village of Assisted Living Cedar Grove Facilities Cedar Grove Gardens II 626 W Van Altena Ave Village of Assisted Living Cedar Grove Facilities Bridge CTH RR/Railroad Village of Bridge Cedar Grove Phone 254 S Main St Village of Communications Cedar Grove Cedar Grove Fire Dept 306 S Main St Village of Fire/Rescue Cedar Grove Village Hall 22 E Willow Dr Village of Government Cedar Grove Aurora 313 S Main St Village of Hospital/Clinic Cedar Grove Cedar Grove-Belgium 321 N 2nd St Village of School El/Mid/Hi Cedar Grove Cedar Grove Sewage State Hwy 32 Village of Sewage Treatment Treatment Cedar Grove
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-35
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Water Supply Well 22 E Willow Ave Village of Water Cedar Grove Water Supply Well W Union Ave Village of Water Cedar Grove Water Tower 131 W Vanaltena Ave Village of Water Cedar Grove Phone 74 Square St Village of Communications Elkhart Lake Wireless Tower 210 N LINCOLN ST Village of Communications Elkhart Lake Wireless Tower 633B ARBOR DRIVE Village of Communications Elkhart Lake Wireless Tower N7390 Highway 67 Village of Communications Elkhart Lake Dam Elkhart Lake Village of Dam Elkhart Lake WI Electric Power Repair 220 N Lincoln St Village of Electric Elkhart Lake Elkhart Lake Water Utility 81 N East St,, Elkhart Lake Village of EPCRA Elkhart Lake Elkhart Lake Water Utility 633B Arbor Dr, Elkhart Lake Village of EPCRA Well #3 Elkhart Lake Elkhart Lake Fire Station 610 S Lincoln St Village of Fire/Rescue Elkhart Lake Village Hall 40 Pine St Village of Government Elkhart Lake Elkhart Lake Water Utility 81 N East St Village of HazMat Elkhart Lake Elkhart Lake Water Utility 633 Arbor Dr Village of HazMat Well #3 Elkhart Lake Elkhart Lake Police Dept 40 Pine St/81 N East St Village of Law Enforcement Elkhart Lake 300 E Maple St Village of Natural Gas Elkhart Lake Department of Public Works 51 E Maple St Village of Public Works Elkhart Lake Elkhart Lake El/Mid 251 E Maple St Village of School Elkhart Lake Elkhart Lake Hi 201 N Lincoln St Village of School Elkhart Lake Water Supply Well 81 N East St Village of Water Elkhart Lake
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-36
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Water Tower 201 N Lincoln St Village of Water Elkhart Lake Water Tower/Well 633B Arbor Dr Village of Water Elkhart Lake Bridge S Swift St/Mullet River Village of Bridge Glenbeulah Dam Mullet River Village of Dam Glenbeulah Glenbeulah Fire Dept 110 N Swift St Village of Fire/Rescue Glenbeulah Village Hall 110 N Swift St Village of Government Glenbeulah Northern Moraine Utility N7025 County Rd P Village of Sewage Treatment Glenbeulah Harvest Home Senior Living 2005 Appletree Rd Village of Assisted Living Services Howards Facilities Grove Harvest Home Senior Living 2004 Appletree Rd Village of Assisted Living Services Howards Facilities Grove Harvest Home Senior Living 2003 Appletree Rd Village of Assisted Living Services Howards Facilities Grove Harvest Home Senior Living 2002 Appletree Rd Village of Assisted Living Services Howards Facilities Grove Bridge Oriole Ln/Pigeon River Village of Bridge Howards Grove Bridge Madison Ave/Pigeon River Village of Bridge Howards Grove Bridge Roosevelt Rd/Pigeon River Village of Bridge Howards Grove Bridge Millersville Ave/Pigeon River Village of Bridge Howards Grove Bridge S Wisconsin Dr/Fisher Creek Village of Bridge Howards Grove
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-37
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Phone 532 N Wisconsin Dr Village of Communications Howards Grove Wireless Tower 1110 ALOCTT AVE Village of Communications Howards Grove Howards Grove Fire Dept 1013 S Wisconsin Dr Village of Fire/Rescue Howards Grove Village Hall 913 S Wisconsin Dr Village of Government Howards Grove Howards Grove Hi 401 Audubon Rd Village of School Howards Grove Howards Grove Mid 506 Kennedy Ave Village of School Howards Grove Northview El 902 Tyler Rd Village of School Howards Grove Saint Paul’s Lutheran 441 Millersville Ave Village of School Howards Grove Howards Grove Sanitary 1111 Alcott Ave Village of Sewage Treatment District Howards Grove Bridge Woodland Rd/STH 23 Village of Bridge Kohler Bridge STH 28/Weeden Creek Village of Bridge Kohler Bridge Highland Dr/STH 23 Village of Bridge Kohler Bridge IH 43/Unnamed Water Village of Bridge Kohler Bridge Railroad/Valley Rd Village of Bridge Kohler Wireless Tower 419 HIGHLAND DR Village of Communications Kohler Wireless Tower 500 Highland Drive Village of Communications Kohler Wireless Tower 444 Highland Dr Village of Communications Kohler
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-38
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Dam Sheboygan River Village of Dam Kohler Dam Sheboygan River Village of Dam Kohler Electric Power Substations 444 Highland Dr Village of Electric Kohler Kohler Co. 444 Highland DR, Kohler Village of EPCRA Kohler Kohler Fire Dept 289 Highland Dr Village of Fire/Rescue Kohler Kohler Memorial Building 260 School St Village of Government Kohler Village Hall 319 Highland Dr Village of Government Kohler Kohler Company 444 Highland Dr Village of HazMat Kohler Prevea Clinic 950 Woodlake Rd Village of Hospital/Clinic Kohler Kohler Police Dept 319 Highland Dr Village of Law Enforcement Kohler Fenwood Storage 1500 W Riverside Dr Village of Public Works Building/Salt Shed Kohler Fenwood Salt Sheds 1500 W Riverside Dr Village of Public Works Kohler Fenwood Water Department 1500 W Riverside Dr Village of Public Works Building Kohler Public Works Garage 219 Highland Dr Village of Public Works Kohler Kohler El/Mid/Hi 333 Upper Rd Village of School Kohler Sports Core Wastewater 930 Woodlake Rd Village of Sewage Treatment Pump Station Kohler Fenwood Main Wastewater 1500 W Riverside Dr Village of Water Pump Station Kohler Sunset Wastewater Pump 6435 Sunset Rd Village of Water Station Kohler Water Tower 444 Highland Dr Village of Water Kohler Water Tower 444 Highland Dr Village of Water Kohler Water Tower 444 Highland Dr Village of Water Kohler
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-39
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Water Tower Booster Pump 444 Highland Dr Village of Water Station Kohler Pine Haven Christian Home 701 Pine Dr Village of Assisted Living Oostburg Facilities Bridge IH 43/Center Ave Village of Bridge Oostburg Communication Facility on 522 Michigan Ave Village of Communications Water Tower Oostburg Phone 1029 Center Ave Village of Communications Oostburg Tower 32 Enterprise Ct Village of Communications Oostburg Wireless Tower 522 MICHIGAN AVE Village of Communications Oostburg Electric Power Substations S 10th St Village of Electric Oostburg Masters Gallery Foods 621 N Business Park Dr, Village of EPCRA Oostburg Oostburg Oostburg Fire Dept 1130 Superior Ave Village of Fire/Rescue Oostburg Village Offices 927 Center Ave Village of Government Oostburg Masters Gallery Foods 621 N Business Park Dr Village of HazMat Oostburg Oostburg Christian 101 S 7th St Village of School Oostburg Oostburg El 203 N 7th St Village of School Oostburg Oostburg Hi 410 New York Ave Village of School Oostburg Oostburg Mid 408 New York Ave Village of School Oostburg Oostburg 816 N 10 St Village of Sewage Treatment Oostburg Water Supply Well 513 Center Ave Village of Water Oostburg Water Supply Well 539 S Business Park Dr Village of Water Oostburg Water Tower 522 Michigan Ave Village of Water Oostburg Gables on the Pond I & II 305 & 305A S Spring St Village of Assisted Living Random Lake Facilities
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-40
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Bridge STH 144/Silver Creek Village of Bridge Random Lake Bridge Hickory Dr/Unnamed Water Village of Bridge Random Lake Tower W4923 State Hwy 144 Village of Communications Random Lake Dam Random Lake Village of Dam Random Lake Krier Foods 520 Wolf Rd, Random Lake Village of EPCRA Random Lake Lakeside Foods 709 Allen St, Random Lake Village of EPCRA Random Lake Random Lake Waste Water 690 Wolf Rd, Random Lake Village of EPCRA Treatment Plant Random Lake Random Lake Fire 718 N Spring St Village of Fire/Rescue Department Random Lake Village Hall 96 Russell Dr Village of Government Random Lake Krier Foods Inc 551 Krier Ln Village of HazMat Random Lake Lakeside Foods Inc 709 Allen St Village of HazMat Random Lake Random Lake Wastewater 690 Wolf Rd Village of HazMat Treatment Plant Random Lake Aurora 110 Butler St Village of Hospital/Clinic Random Lake W4923 State Hwy 144 Village of Natural Gas Random Lake Random Lake El/Mid/Hi 605 Random Lake Rd Village of School Random Lake St John Lutheran W5407 County Road SS Village of School Random Lake Random Lake 690 Wolf Rd Village of Sewage Treatment Random Lake Water Tower 600 Butler St Village of Water Random Lake Well 701 North St Village of Water Random Lake Well 100 Lake Dr Village of Water Random Lake Bridge N Mill St/Onion River Village of Bridge Waldo
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-41
Table D.1: Critical Facilities by Community, Sheboygan County (Continued) NAME ADDRESS MCD TYPE Bridge N Mill St/Onion River Village of Bridge Waldo Wireless Tower 417 E FIRST ST Village of Communications Waldo Dam Onion River Village of Dam Waldo Electric Power Substations S Mill St Village of Electric Waldo Waldo Fire Department 810 W 2nd ST Village of Fire/Rescue Waldo Village Hall 301 1st St Village of Government Waldo W 1st St Village of Natural Gas Waldo Waldo Wastewater Utility N Mill St Village of Sewage Treatment Waldo Water Tower W 1st St Village of Water Waldo Bridge Bridge Bridge
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan D-42 APPENDIX E – HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT SURVEY AVERAGE SCORES
The steering committee for the Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020 - 2025 was asked to rate natural and man-made hazards in the spring of 2019. This information was used to prioritize these hazards. Table E.1 shows the average scores for each natural and man-made hazard from this rating exerc
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan E-1 TABLE E.1
SHEBOYGAN COUNTY HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIX
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Risk Magnitude of Population at Magnitude of Homes at Magnitude of Businesses Average Hazard Identification Hazard Frequency Hazard Probability Health & Public Safety Home Damage Business Disruption Public Expenditures Assessment Risk Risk at Risk Rating Rating Total Degree of past Degree of past hazard Amount of local, state, Amount of population still Amount of businesses still Degree of past hazard Amount of homes still Frequency of past Probability of hazard hazard events events causing damage to and federal funds vulnerable to injury, vulnerable to damage or events causing injuries, vulnerable to damage hazard occurrences occurring in the future causing damage business and/or interruption expended on past sickness, and/or death interruption of business sickness and/or deaths from hazard Hazard Type to homes of business trade hazard recovery activities from hazard trade
1, 2 or 3 1, 2 or 3 1, 2 or 3 1, 2 or 3 1, 2 or 3 1, 2 or 3 1, 2 or 3 1, 2 or 3 1, 2 or 3
Flooding (including flash, riverine, lake, stormwater, 26 31 19 32 27 29 21 25 25 235 18 and dam failure flooding) Lightning Storms and Thunderstorms (including 29 29 13 21 19 17 15 21 19 183 14 hail storms)
Tornadoes/High Winds 27 27 21 26 24 26 24 26 26 227 17
Winter Storms (includes heavy snow storms, ice 32 33 21 16 24 21 18 18 20 203 16 storms and blizzards)
Wildland Fires 17 18 15 15 15 14 15 15 15 139 11
Drought 15 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 16 140 11
Extreme Heat 16 18 18 15 14 14 15 14 14 138 11
Extreme Cold 22 23 17 15 16 14 14 14 15 150 12
Fog 28 28 22 15 15 16 17 15 15 171 13
Coastal Hazards 22 23 21 16 16 17 16 15 15 161 12
Landslide 15 15 15 16 15 16 16 15 15 138 11
Subsidence 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 126 11
Hazardous Materials 20 23 22 14 19 17 19 15 18 167 13
Water Supply 17 17 17 13 15 14 20 17 18 148 11 Contamination
Communicable Diseases 19 20 19 14 18 21 21 14 16 162 12
Violence 17 17 15 13 14 13 15 14 14 132 10
Cybersecurity* 9 10 5 5 8 7 5 7 12 68 14
*Cybersecurity was rated following all other natural and man-made hazards. While 13 steering committee members rated most hazards, only five steering committee members rated the cybersecurity hazard.
Source: Sheboygan County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Steering Committee, 2019; and Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission, 2019.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan E-2
APPENDIX F – COMMUNITY RESOLUTIONS OF ADOPTION
The following are copies of resolutions of adoption by participating incorporated jurisdictions within Sheboygan County.
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan F-1
Community Resolutions of Adoption (Reserved)
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan F-2 Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission
Commission Members Staff Brown County Cindy J. Wojtczak Vacant Executive Director [email protected]
DOOR County Brandon G. Robinson Ken Fisher Assistant Director [email protected] Florence County Edwin Kelley Jeffrey Agee-Aguayo Larry Neuens Transportation Planner Rich Wolosyn [email protected] Kewaunee County Nicole Barbiaux Tom Romdenne GIS Specialist [email protected] Mary Ellen Dobbins Vacant Harry Graham Community Assistance Planner Manitowoc County [email protected] Dan Koski, Secretary/Treasurer James Falkowski Emily J. Pierquet Marc Holsen Administrative Assistant [email protected]
Marinette County Madison A. smith Ann Hartnell Environmental Planner Michael Kunesh [email protected] Thomas Mandli Sydney Swan Oconto County Economic Development Planner Terry Brazeau, Vice-Chairperson [email protected] Karl Ballestad Dennis Kroll Sheboygan County Mike Hotz, Chairperson Ed Procek Brian Yerges
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