Kuruluşundan Günümüze Istanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Astronomi

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Kuruluşundan Günümüze Istanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Astronomi KURULUŞUNDAN GÜNÜMÜZE İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN FAKÜLTESİ ASTRONOMİ VE UZAY BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ 1933-2000 Prof.Dr. H.Hüseyin Menteşe Dr. Hasan H. Esenoğlu Doç.Dr. Hülya Çalõşkan İSTANBUL ARALIK 2002 İÇİNDEKİLER SUNUŞ.…......................................................................…….....….........................……………......…...iii ÖNSÖZ.…......................................................................…….....….........................…………….…........iv I. GİRİŞ.....…......................................................................…….....….................................1 II. İ.Ü. FEN FAKÜLTESİ ASTRONOMİ VE UZAY BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ’NÜN KISA TARİHÇESİ...……………..................................……….........4 II.1. 1933 Üniversite Reformu’ndan Günümüze Kadar İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü ve Astronomi..........……...........5 II.2. 1933–2000 Yõllarõ Arasõnda Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü’nde Okutulan Astronomi Derslerinin Tarih Sõrasõna Göre Listesi…………………………..........20 II.3. 1933–2000 Yõllarõ Arasõnda Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü’nde Okutulan Astronomi Derslerinin Ömür Süresine Göre Listesi……………………….....…....21 II.4. 1933–2000 Yõllarõ Arasõnda Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü’nde Okutulan Astronomi Derslerinin Tarih Sõrasõna Göre Ayrõntõlõ Listesi.....……........….…....22 III. ASTRONOMİ VE UZAY BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ’NDE ÇALIŞANLARIN ÖZ GEÇMİŞLERİ...……....................................……………......28 IV. KURULUŞUNDAN GÜNÜMÜZE ASTRONOMİ VE UZAY BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ’NDE ÇALIŞMIŞ YERLİ VE YABANCI ÖĞRETİM ÜYELERİNİN TARİH SIRASINA GÖRE LİSTESİ...…….................46 IV.1. Kuruluşundan Günümüze Astronomi Ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü’nü Ziyaret Eden Yabancõ Bilim İnsanlarõnõn Tarih Sõrasõna Göre Listesi................48 IV.2. Kuruluşundan Günümüze Astronomi Ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü’nde Görev Yapmõş Kadrosuz Gözlemcilerin Tarih Sõrasõna Göre Listesi…..................49 IV.3. Kuruluşundan Günümüze Astronomi Ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü’nde Görev Yapmõş ve Halen Devam Eden Memur Personelin Tarih Sõrasõna Göre Listesi.....50 IV.4. Kuruluşundan Günümüze Astronomi Ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü’nde Görev Yapmõş ve Halen Devam Eden Hizmetli Personelin Tarih Sõrasõna Göre Listesi….......................................................................................................................51 IV.5. 1933–2000 Yõllarõ Arasõnda İ.Ü.F.F. Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü’nde Yapõlmõş Olan Doktora Tezlerinin Listesi.............................52 V. KURULUŞUNDAN GÜNÜMÜZE ASTRONOMİ VE UZAY BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ YAYINLARI: 1933–2000..........................................................55 V.1. Bilimsel Dergilerde Yapõlan Yayõnlar–Ulusal.............................................................56 V.2. Bilimsel Dergilerde Yapõlan Yayõnlar–Uluslararasý....................................................69 V.3. Kongre Bildirileri–Ulusal………………………………………………...……….....78 V.4. Kongre Bildirileri–Uluslararasõ……………………………………………...……....85 V.5. Kongre Posterleri–Ulusal………………………………………………………...…..88 V.6. Kongre Posterleri–Uluslararasý...................................................................................91 i V.7. Popüler Dergilerde ve Gazetelerde Yapõlan Yayõnlar–Ulusal ...................................93 V.8. Popüler Dergilerde ve Gazetelerde Yapõlan Yayõnlar–Uluslararasý...........................97 V.9. Katalog, Atlas–Ulusal…………………………………………………………...…..98 V.10. Katalog, Atlas–Uluslararasõ…………………………………………………………99 V.11. Bülten, Sirküler, Kominikasyon, Rapor–Uluslararasõ…………………………....101 V.12. Preprint………………………………………………………………………….….103 V.13. Ders ve Kongre Kitaplarõ, Monograflar……………………………………….….104 V.14. Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü’nün Yõllara Göre Yayõn Sayõlarõ Çizelgesi……...………………………………….….107 V.15. Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü’nün Yõllara Göre Yayõn Sayõlarõ Grafiği……………………………………………...109 VI. KAYNAKLAR………………………………………………………………………....110 SÖZLÜK……………………………………………………………….…..…………...111 RESİM DİZİNİ……………………………………………………………...………….112 İSİM DİZİNİ……………………………………………………………………………114 ii SUNUŞ Türkiye Cumhuriyetini çağdaş Batõ uygarlõğõ düzeyine yükseltmek için Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK’ün öngörmüş olduğu reformlar dizisi içerisinde 1933 İstanbul Üniversitesi Reformu, bir ulusun eğitimi ve öğretiminde köklü değişikliklere yol açan önemli noktalardan birisini oluşturmuştur. 133 Üniversite Reformu ile, önceki adõyla İstanbul Darülfünunu’na Batõ ülkelerindeki Üniversitelerin bilimsel düşüncesi ile araştõran-sorgulayan ve yeni yöntemleri uygulayan bir anlayõş getirilmek amacõ ile yapõlacak reform hakkõnda rapor hazõrlamak üzere 1931 yõlõnda Cenevre Üniversitesi öğretim üyelerinden Prof.Dr. Albert MALCHE, Türk Hükümeti tarafõndan ülkeye davet edilerek kendisinden İstanbul Darülfünunu’nun çağdaş bir yapõya erişmesi için gerekenleri belirten bir rapor hazõrlanmasõ istenmiştir. Prof.Dr. Albert MALCHE, İstanbul’da kendisine yardõmcõ olan Dr. Kerim ERİM ile birlikte gerekli inceleme ve araştõrmalarõ yapmõş ve raporunu tamamlamak üzere Cenevre’ye dönmüştür. Bu arada Almanya’da Hitler rejimi, özellikle Yahudi Profesörleri Üniversitelerindeki görevlerinden uzaklaştõrmakla meşguldur. Bu şekilde işlerinden olan ve çoğunluğu İsviçre’ye geçen bu bilim adamlarõ bu ülkede Prof.Dr. P. SCHWARTZ’õn başkanlõğõnda “Yurt Dõşõndaki Alman Bilim Adamlarõna Yardõm Derneği”ni kurmuşlardõr. Bu dernek yeni İstanbul Üniversitesinin kuruluş tarihi olan 1 Ağustos 1933 tarihinden itibaren reformun gereksinim duyduğu nitelikli bilim adamlarõnõn, ki aralarõnda dünya çapõnda ünlü olan Astronomlar da vardõr, İstanbul Üniversitesine yönlendirilmesinde önemli rol oynayacaktõr. Bu büyük reform hareketinin Türk bilim yaşamõnda kök vermesinde emek harcayan tüm kişi ve kurumlarõn anõlmasõ ve çalõşmalarõnõn özellikle genç kuşaklara tanõtõlmasõ ile ilgili etkinliklere katkõda bulunmak; İstanbul Üniversitesi gibi tarihe tanõklõk etmiş yüce bir mekanda çalõşabilme şansõnõ elde etmiş bizler için bir vefa borcudur. Bu bağlamda İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümünün öğretim elemanlarõ tarafõndan bir proje olarak hazõrlanan “KURULUŞUNDAN GÜNÜMÜZE İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN FAKÜLTESİ ASTRONOMİ VE UZAY BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ 1933 – 2000” isimli çalõşma bu bölümün tarihsel perspektif içersinde günümüze değin almõş olduğu yolu çok ayrõntõlõ bir biçimde ortaya koymasõ açõsõndan Üniversitemiz ve özellikle Fen Fakültesi tarihi açõsõndan son derece yararlõ bir eser olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalõşmayõ, Fen Fakültesi Dekanõ olarak, Türk Bilim Tarihi ve Üniversitemiz tarihi ile ilgilenen tüm kişilere gururla önerirken, çalõşmayõ gerçekleştiren başta sayõn Prof.Dr. H. Hüseyin MENTEŞE olmak üzere sayõn Dr. Hasan H. ESENOĞLU ve sayõn Yard.Doç.Dr. Hülya ÇALIŞKAN’õ içtenlikle kutluyor, bundan sonraki çalõşmalarõnda başarõ dileklerimi iletiyorum. Prof.Dr. Dinçer GÜLEN İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Dekanõ iii ÖNSÖZ Bugün Beyazõt’ta İstanbul Üniversitesi bahçesinde bulunan Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü, 1933 yõlõnda ulu önder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün Üniversite Reform’u çerçevesinde yapõlan, İstanbul Üniversitesi Reformu’nun mimarõ olan Prof.Dr. Malche’nin, Berlin-Postdam’da Einstein Enstitüsü’nün yöneticisi ve Berlin Astrofizik Rasathanesi’nde profesör olan Dr. Finlay Freundlich ile temasa geçmesi sonucunda, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi’nde Astronomi Enstitüsü olarak kurulmuştur. Prof.Dr. Freunlich 1933-34 ders yõlõ başõnda İstanbul Üniversitesi’ne Heyet Enstitüsü ve Kandilli Rasathanesi Müdürü olarak, ordinaryüs profesör ünvanõ ile davet edilmiştir. Ord.Prof.Dr. Freundlich Astronomi Enstitüsü Müdürü olarak İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi’ne geldiği zaman, ne bir bilimsel yardõmcõ, ne bir kitap ve de ne bir astronomi aleti bulabilmiştir. Bu bakõmdan en güç koşullar altõnda bugünkü Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü’nün temel taşlarõnõ koyan ve ona bugünkü ruhu ve çalõşma temposunu aşõlayan profesör Freundlich’tir. Ord.Prof.Dr. Finlay Freundlich bütün Türk Astronomlarõ tarafõndan adõnõn unutulmamasõ gereken bir bilim adamõdõr. Türk Astronomlarõ tarafõndan adõnõn unutulmamasõ gereken diğer bir bilim kadõnõ da, bugün ülkemizde bulunan benim de içinde bulunduğum çok sayõda astronomun yetişmesinde, astronomi biliminin bugünkü günlere gelmesinde büyük emeği geçen, ilk Türk astronomu değerli hocam emekli Dekan Sayõn Prof.Dr. Nüzhet Gökdoğan’dõr. Türk Astronomlarõ olarak bugünkü varlõğõmõzõ onlara borçluyuz. Kendilerini sevgi, saygõ ve minnetle anarõz. Bu çalõşmada, ülkemizin ilk ve uzun yõllar boyunca da tek Astronomi Enstitüsü olan ve daha sonra kurulan Astronomi Bölümlerine de öncülük eden İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü’nün tarihçesi sunulmuştur. Bölümde çalõşmõş yerli ve yabancõ öğretim üyelerinin resimleri ile birlikte özgeçmişleri, okutulan dersler, yaptõrõlan doktoralar, ulusal ve uluslararasõ bilimsel yayõn yapan dergilerdeki yayõnlar, kõsacasõ kuruluşundan günümüze İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü’nde literatüre kazandõrõlan toplam yayõnlar ortaya çõkartõlmõştõr. Bir bilgi kaynağõ oluşturmayõ amaçladõğõmõz bu araştõrmamõzõn İstanbul Üniversitesi’nin 550. kuruluş yõlõnda diğer bilim dallarõna örnek bir araştõrma olmasõnõ dileriz. “Kuruluşundan günümüze İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü 1933-2000” isimli bu çalõşma İstanbul Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Bilimsel Araştõrma Projeleri kapsamõnda 1588/30042001 numaralõ proje olarak sunulmuş ve 28.12.2002 tarihinde bitirilmiştir. Çalõşmamõzda emeği geçen emekli olmuş
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