2016 • If we want to preserve 1 ARCHAEOLOGY our cultural heritage, WORLDWIDE 1 • 2016 we need your support. Magazine of the German Archaeological Institute ARCHAEOLOGY WORLDWIDE T WG Archaeology Worldwide – volume four – Berlin, July 2016 – DAI Here’s how to help: WWW.TWGES.DE Gesellschaft der Freunde des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts eodor Wiegand Gesellschaft e. V. Masterclass at the Sea of Galilee. Jordanian and Syrian craftsmen Wissenschaftszentrum Bonn acquire skills for the future of their country. Photo: Bührig, DAI Ahrstraße 45, 53175 Bonn Nadja Kajan Near the Sea of Galilee in northern Jordan lie the ruins of the ancient city of Gadara. e Tel.: +49 228 30 20 Hellenistic-Roman site, today called Umm Qays, is the location of an unusual workshop where Fax: +49 228 30 22 70 traditional stone masonry techniques are taught – skills that had been virtually forgotten in the [email protected] region. Mastercraftsman André Gravert and trained craftsman Tobias Horn, stone masons and restorers, are teaching the basics of traditional stone masonry in a hands-on way to a mixed team eodor Wiegand Gesellschaft of Jordanians and Syrians. Deutsche Bank AG, Essen One objective is capacity building for the local population. Another is that the Syrian participants IBAN DE20 3607 0050 0247 1944 00 should be able to make use of their newly acquired skills in the reconstruction of their country. TITLE STORY BIC DEUTDEDEXXX e idea for this vocational training scheme, which the Foreign O ce is supporting, came from or an architectural historian at the DAI, Dr. Claudia Bührig, who also planned out the programme. Bonner Sparkasse, Bonn IBAN DE88 3705 0198 0029 0058 08 ON THE MOVE BIC COLSDE33XXX ON THE MOVE Your donations are tax-deductible. TITLE STORY Mobility and Migration in the Ancient World Thank you! FOCUS CULTURAL HERITAGE PANORAMA Archaeological Heritage Network Archaeology as part of the present 40,000 years of music www.dainst.org Towards preserving cultural heritage Cultural preservation in Egypt Replicating ancient instruments ARCHAEOLOGY WORLDWIDE Places visited in this issue: Egypt. Cultural Heritage, Landscape, pages 18, 28 Baltic Coast. Germany, Poland. Title Story, page 58 Llanos de Moxos. Bolivia. Landscape, page 28 Malaita. Solomon Islands. Title Story, page 65 Wuqro. Ethiopia. The Object, page 38 Migrations from the Fertile Crescent to Central Europe Samos. Greece. Title Story, page 56 and within Europe. Title Story, page 40 Umm al-Houl. Qatar. Title Story, page 58 Tehran. Iran. Location, page 82 Archaeological documentation of the ruins at Persepolis began in the early 19th century. Friedrich Krefter‘s photographs, watercolours and COVER PHOTO drawings of Persepolis from the 1930s possess great documentary value. A genuine Völkerwanderung appears to have taken place Photo: Krefter upon the world‘s largest ocean around 3000 BC. In 20 me- tre long canoes, people voyaged across the ocean and gradu- ally established settlements on the islands of the Paci c. The Lapita people – named after a site on the Foué peninsula in New Caledo- nia – set o from the Bismarck Archipelago in Papua New Guinea and travelled to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Later on, the Lapita cul- ture spread to Fiji, Tonga and nally Samoa. But where did the Lapita people come from? From south China, Taiwan, the Philippines or perhaps even Indonesia? Or did they originate from the Bismarck Archipelago, where the oldest traces of that culture have been found? Migration is a phenomenon that constantly recurs in human history. Some migration routes and destinations are being investigated by the DAI, and are presented in the title story in this issue. Canoe o the shore of Malaita. Photo: Moser EDITORIAL EDITORIAL DEAR READERS, When the world is set in motion and old Archaeology is on the move, too. It has rituals of identity reaffirmation are put to widened its field of view, no longer fo- the test, it can be difficult to find anchors cused “only” on objects and monuments that are capable of providing a modicum but also on the people that created them. of stability and security, both in how we Archaeology traces the convoluted paths think and in how we act. Seeking such an- that people and their knowledge have chors in the past is criticized in many quar- taken through time and space, in order to ters, and rightly so – unless we‘re talking link the past with the present. about a past that can teach us valuable Prof. Friederike Fless lessons and enable us to find the way out ”On the Move” is the cover story in this President of the German Archaeological of a seemingly hopeless situation. An inte- issue of our magazine. Starting out with Institute gral view of the past, such as prevails in ar- Neolithic journeys, it goes on to look at Photo: Kuckertz chaeology today, instructs us, for instance, Greek sanctuaries with an international that worlds set in motion are a fairly com- clientele, the Roman Empire shortly be- mon phenomenon – and that the world fore its transformation into the medieval we live in is in fact the product of multiple world, ports on various continents, and it overlapping transformative movements. ends with a voyage to the far-off South Pa- cific. In Focus this time is a recently found- At this present moment in history it can‘t ed archaeological heritage network that be emphasized enough that the way of shows how current transformative move- life we call our own, which we take for ments can be an occasion to meditate on granted and from which we draw confir- common origins and can promote coope- mation of who we are, has come down ration. Our Panorama feature meanwhile to us also and only as a result of migra- reports on an indispensable human activi- tion. The notion of autochthonous cul- ty and the part it has played in the lives of tures born of themselves and evolving all of us for 40,000 years now: music. discretely appears to offer – illusory – sup- port in uncertain times, but it is no longer I hope you enjoy reading this issue of our postulated as the sole model to explain magazine! the development of cultures in research these days. Furthermore, the concepts of “rise” and ”fall” underestimate the com- plexity of transformative shifts that never cease to shape and alter our shared planet Prof. Friederike Fless and the people who live on it. ARCHAEOLOGY WORLDWIDE _ 01 12FOCUS 4 NeWS ARCHAEOLOGICAL S 12 FOCUS NT E CONTENTS HERITAGE NETWORK Archaeological Heritage Network Towards preserving Towards cultural heritage preservation CONT cultural heritage 18 CULTURAL heRITAGE Archaeology as part of the present Cultural preservation in Egypt 26 STANDPOINT Connecting Cultures CULTURAL heRITAGE 18 28LANDSCApe 28 LANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGY AS RIVERS Rivers – the landscapes of the Nile and the Amazon PART OF THE PRESENT DAY The Landscapes of the Nile 38 The OBJECT Cultural preservation in Egypt and the Amazon A Sabaean sanctuary – the libation altar in Wuqro 40 TITLE STORY On the move – mobility and migration in the ancient world 43 Migration of the peoples? – a clarification of terms TITLE STORY 47 On the way to Europe – the diffusion of the Neolithic ON THE MOVE Iranian Neolithic 52 Skills networks – how knowledge migrates Mobility and Migration 40 56 Melting pots – the international networking of major sanctuaries in the Ancient World 58 Gateways to the world – ports on the Baltic coast and the Persian Gulf 65 Sea routes – immigration to the Solomon Islands 72 PORTRAIT Heinz-Jürgen Beste Martin Bachmann 84PANORAMA 40,000 YEARS OF MUSIC 74 EVERYDAY ARCHAEOLOGY The European Music Art photography – photographers at the DAI Archaeology 82 LOCATION 74EVERYDAY ARCHAEOLOGY Project Archaeology in Iran – the Tehran Branch ART PHOTOGRAPHY Photographers at the DAI 84 PANORAMA 40,000 years of music The European Music Archaeology Project 88 MASTheAD 02 _ ARCHAEOLOGY WORLDWIDE ARCHAEOLOGY WORLDWIDE _ 03 S W NEWS E N DAI President Fless welcomes the Foreign Full house in Deutsche Telekom‘s Representative Office in Berlin Minister to the reception Founding members of the Archaeological Heritage Network Photos: Paasch Annual reception of the German Archaeological Institute with THE CHALLENGES TODAY The network and the project are fund- ed by the Federal Foreign Office. The The temples of Palmyra are unquestionably major monuments of Foreign Office‘s Migration fund will al- the Federal Foreign Minister cultural heritage in Syria. But other cultural preservation projects low the project to be implemented over will need to be prioritized in post-war reconstruction of the coun- the next few years. The Gerda Henkel try. Speed is of the essence in rescuing and preserving Syrian towns DAI President, Foundation is awarding scholarships Frank-Walter Steinmeier and cities with their ancient monuments and historic quarters. It‘s Prof. Friederike Fless and supporting projects in the frame- therefore not just a question of how the temples at Palmyra are to work of “Stunde Null”. be reconstructed – it‘s also and above all a question of what to do, for example, in the case of the bazaar of Aleppo, a UNESCO world Launch of the “Stunde Null” project heritage site destroyed in 2012. Should the Old Town of Aleppo be and foundation of the partly rebuilt, with its structure preserved, or should it be replaced by a new city district? Archaeological Heritage Network Syrian experts will work together with German colleagues on producing inventories of damaged districts and documentation FOUNDING MEMBERS OF THE of individual buildings, as is necessary for an effective planning ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE NETWORK process and for plans ultimately to be implemented. Aachen University – RWTH On 27 April 2016, the project “Stunde Null: A Future for the Time towns and cultural assets that are part of the everyday lives of the Central to the “Stunde Null” project therefore is the further train- Architectural Heritage Committee of the German Archaeological after the Crisis” was officially launched in the presence of German people living there.