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Foreign Object Insertion in Sexual Homicide Cases: an Exploratory Study

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Foreign Object Insertion in Sexual Homicide Cases: an Exploratory Study FOREIGN OBJECT INSERTION IN SEXUAL HOMICIDE CASES: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY by GÉRARD NICHOLAS LABUSCHAGNE A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER ARTIUM In the Department of Social Work and Criminology at the UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA FACULTY OF HUMANITIES SUPERVISOR: Professor Aubrey Theron March 2007 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I herewith wish to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude towards the following individuals: My supervisor, Professor Aubrey Theron, for his invaluable input, guidance and patience. My colleagues at the Investigative Psychology Unit of the South African Police Service, Superintendent JH de Lange and Captain EA Myburgh, for their support throughout the years. The hard-working detectives of the South African Police Service, truly some of the most intelligent people I have ever had the honour of meeting. CONTENTS Page TABLES................................................................................................................. iii FIGURES ............................................................................................................... v SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ vii KEY TERMS .......................................................................................................... vii 1. DEFINING CONCEPTS, STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND AIMS OF THE RESEARCH ..................................................................................... 1 1.1 PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVATION AND THE CRIME-SCENE...................... 1 1.2 CRIME STATISTICS IN SOUTH AFRICA .................................................... 2 1.3 DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS ...................................................................... 3 1.3.1 Psychologically motivated crimes .............................................................. 3 1.3.2 Sexual murder ........................................................................................... 5 1.3.3 Foreign object insertion ............................................................................. 6 1.3.4 Offender profiling....................................................................................... 7 1.4 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ............................................................... 8 1.5 NEED FOR RESEARCH AND AIMS OF RESEARCH.................................. 9 1.6 OUTLINE OF THE RESEARCH ................................................................... 11 2. LITERATURE SURVEY OF COMPLETED RESEARCH ............................... 13 2.1 REASONS FOR THE CRIMINAL MUTILATION OF THE HUMAN BODY .... 13 2.1.1 Expressive versus instrumental aggression............................................... 13 2.1.2 Sexual sadism ........................................................................................... 15 2.1.3 Criminal mutilation types: defensive, aggressive, offensive and necromanic................................................................................................ 16 2.2 SYSTEMS OF MURDER CLASSIFICATION................................................ 18 2.2.1 Crime Classification Manual ...................................................................... 18 2.2.2 Organised versus disorganised crime-scenes ........................................... 19 2.2.3 Serial murder............................................................................................. 22 2.3 SIGNATURE ................................................................................................ 26 2.3.1 Foreign object insertion in signature analysis ............................................ 26 2.4 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 28 i 3. OFFENDER PROFILING ............................................................................... 29 3.1 HISTORY OF PROFILING................................................................. 29 3.2 DEFINITION USED BY THE SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICES INVESTIGATIVE PSYCHOLOGY UNIT.................................... 30 3.3 APPROACHES TO OFFENDER PROFILING ............................................. 32 3.4 OTHER USES OF THE WORD PROFILE................................................... 35 3.5 THE CONTEXT OF OFFENDER PROFILING............................................. 41 3.6 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................ 46 4. RESEARCH DESIGN..................................................................................... 47 4.1 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................... 47 4.2 MEASURING INSTRUMENT: FOREIGN OBJECT INSERTION CHECKLIST ................................................................................................. 48 4.3 DATA COLLECTION.................................................................................... 51 4.4 DESCRIPTION OF THE SAMPLE................................................................. 53 4.5 ANALYSIS OF THE DATA………………………….. ...................................... 56 4.6 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 61 5. RESEARCH RESULTS.................................................................................. 62 5.1 VICTIMS’ BIOGRAPHICAL DETAILS........................................................... 62 5.2 ASSAULT DETAILS ..................................................................................... 66 5.3 CRIME-SCENE DETAILS............................................................................. 71 5.4 PROFILING VICTIMS: DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES ....................... 76 5.4.1 Population group ....................................................................................... 77 5.4.2 Occupation ................................................................................................ 82 5.5 OFFENDER DETAILS.................................................................................. 86 5.5.1 Description of the cases where suspects were arrested ............................ 86 5.5.2 Demographic description of offenders arrested ......................................... 88 5.6 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 94 6. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND CONCLUSION ........................................ 95 6.1 AIMS OF THE STUDY ................................................................................. 95 6.2 BENEFITS FOR INVESTIGATION AND TRAINING..................................... 96 6.3 CRITIQUE OF THE RESEARCH.................................................................. 97 6.4 SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH............................................... 97 6.5 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………..... 98 REFERENCES....................................................................................................... 99 APPENDIX A: FOREIGN OBJECT INSERTION CHECKLIST .............................. 106 ii TABLES Table Page 1 April 2002 - March 2003 Murder Figures per Province........................... 2 2 Differences Between Organised and Disorganised Crime-scenes ......... 21 3 South African Serial Murderers 1936 to 2006 ........................................ 25 4 Age Distribution of the Sample .............................................................. 55 5 Object(s) Inserted at Incident................................................................. 55 6 Population Group of Victims .................................................................. 56 7 Wound Details ....................................................................................... 67 8 Type of Objects Inserted into Victims..................................................... 68 9 State of Dress of Victims ....................................................................... 70 10 Person who Discovered the Bodies ....................................................... 72 11 Day of the Week the Crime was Probably Committed and Victims were Discovered.................................................................................... 73 12 Day of Crime and the Area where Crime was Committed ...................... 74 13 Number of Murders per Province........................................................... 75 14 Cross-tabulation between Population Group and Age (n = 16) .............. 77 15 Cross-tabulation between Occupation and Population Group................ 78 16 Cross-tabulation between Marital Status and Population Group (n = 15) ....................................................................................... 78 17 Cross-tabulation between Cause of Death and Population Group .................................................................................................... 79 18 Cross-tabulation between Main Wounds and Population Group (N = 17) ...................................................................................... 80 19 Cross-tabulation between Object Inserted and Population Group (N = 17) ...................................................................................... 80 20 Cross-tabulation between Area of Crime and Population Group .................................................................................................... 81 iii 21 Cross-tabulation between Day of the Crime and Population Group ................................................................................................... 82 22 Summary of Population Group Comparisons........................................
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