Human Memory B Cells
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SAHLGRENSKA AKADEMIN Thymic Studies
Göteborg, 2019 Thymic studies Investigations into the effects of childhood thymectomy, and characterization of thymic B cells and Hassall's corpuscles Akademisk avhandling Som för avläggande av medicine doktorsexamen vid Sahlgrenska akademin, Göteborgs universitet kommer att offentligen försvaras i föreläsningssalen våning 3, Guldhedsgatan 10A, Göteborg Tisdagen den 14e maj, klockan 13.00 av Christina Lundqvist Fakultetsopponent: Professor Ludger Klein Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Tyskland Avhandlingen baseras på följande delarbeten I. Gudmundsdottir J*, Lundqvist C*, Ijspeert H, van der Slik E, Óskarsdóttir S, Lindgren S, Lundberg V, Berglund M, Lingman-Framme J, Telemo E, van der Burg M, Ekwall O. T-cell receptor sequencing reveals decreased diversity 18 years after early thymectomy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 Dec;140(6):1743- 1746.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.002. Epub 2017 Sep 1. * These authors contributed equally to this work. II. Lundqvist C*, Camponeschi A*, Visentini M, Telemo E, Ekwall O‡, Mårtensson IL‡. Switched CD21-/low B cells with an antigen-presenting phenotype in the infant thymus. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Nov 30. pii: S0091-6749(18)31721- 4. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.019. * These authors contributed equally to this work. ‡ These authors contributed equally to this work. III. Lundqvist C, Lindgren S, Cheuk S, Lundberg V, Berglund M, Thörn K, Telemo E, Ekwall O. Characterization of Hassall's corpuscles in the human thymus. Manuscript SAHLGRENSKA AKADEMIN INSTITUTIONEN FÖR MEDICIN Göteborg, 2019 Thymic studies Investigations into the effects of childhood thymectomy, and characterization of thymic B cells and Hassall's corpuscles Christina Lundqvist Avdelningen för reumatologi och inflammationsforskning, Institutionen för medicin, Sahlgrenska akademin, Göteborgs universitet Abstract This thesis focuses on the human thymus, a primary lymphoid organ responsible for the maturation of T cells. -
B Cell Activation and Escape of Tolerance Checkpoints: Recent Insights from Studying Autoreactive B Cells
cells Review B Cell Activation and Escape of Tolerance Checkpoints: Recent Insights from Studying Autoreactive B Cells Carlo G. Bonasia 1 , Wayel H. Abdulahad 1,2 , Abraham Rutgers 1, Peter Heeringa 2 and Nicolaas A. Bos 1,* 1 Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands; [email protected] (C.G.B.); [email protected] (W.H.A.); [email protected] (A.R.) 2 Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Autoreactive B cells are key drivers of pathogenic processes in autoimmune diseases by the production of autoantibodies, secretion of cytokines, and presentation of autoantigens to T cells. However, the mechanisms that underlie the development of autoreactive B cells are not well understood. Here, we review recent studies leveraging novel techniques to identify and characterize (auto)antigen-specific B cells. The insights gained from such studies pertaining to the mechanisms involved in the escape of tolerance checkpoints and the activation of autoreactive B cells are discussed. Citation: Bonasia, C.G.; Abdulahad, W.H.; Rutgers, A.; Heeringa, P.; Bos, In addition, we briefly highlight potential therapeutic strategies to target and eliminate autoreactive N.A. B Cell Activation and Escape of B cells in autoimmune diseases. Tolerance Checkpoints: Recent Insights from Studying Autoreactive Keywords: autoimmune diseases; B cells; autoreactive B cells; tolerance B Cells. Cells 2021, 10, 1190. https:// doi.org/10.3390/cells10051190 Academic Editor: Juan Pablo de 1. -
Overview of B-Cell Maturation, Activation, Differentiation
Overview of B-Cell Maturation, Activation, Differentiation B-Cell Development Begins in the Bone Marrow and Is Completed in the Periphery Antigen-Independent (Maturation) 1) Pro-B stages B-cell markers 2) Pre B-stages H- an L- chain loci rearrangements surrogate light chain 3) Naïve B-cell functional BCR . B cells are generated in the bone marrow. Takes 1-2 weeks to develop from hematopoietic stem (HSC) cells to mature B cells. Sequence of expression of cell surface receptor and adhesion molecules which allows for differentiation of B cells, proliferation at various stages, and movement within the bone marrow microenvironment. HSC passes through progressively more delimited progenitor-cell stages until it reaches the pro-B cell stage. Pre-B cell is irreversibly committed to the B-cell lineage and the recombination of the immunoglobulin genes expressed on the cell surface Immature B cell (transitional B cell) leaves the bone marrow to complete its maturation in the spleen through further differentiation. Immune system must create a repertoire of receptors capable of recognizing a large array of antigens while at the Source: Internet same time eliminating self-reactive B cells. B-Cell Activation and Differentiation • Exposure to antigen or various polyclonal mitogens activates resting B cells and stimulates their proliferation. • Activated B cells lose expression of sIgD and CD21 and acquire expression of activation antigens. Growth factor receptors, structures involved in cell-cell interaction, molecules that play a role in the localization and binding of activated B cells Two major types: T cell dependent (TD) T cell independent (TI) B-Cell Activation by Thymus-Independent and Dependent Antigens Source: Kuby T cell dependent: Involves protein antigens and CD4+ helper T cells. -
Our Immune System (Children's Book)
OurOur ImmuneImmune SystemSystem A story for children with primary immunodeficiency diseases Written by IMMUNE DEFICIENCY Sara LeBien FOUNDATION A note from the author The purpose of this book is to help young children who are immune deficient to better understand their immune system. What is a “B-cell,” a “T-cell,” an “immunoglobulin” or “IgG”? They hear doctors use these words, but what do they mean? With cheerful illustrations, Our Immune System explains how a normal immune system works and what treatments may be necessary when the system is deficient. In this second edition, a description of a new treatment has been included. I hope this book will enable these children and their families to explore together the immune system, and that it will help alleviate any confusion or fears they may have. Sara LeBien This book contains general medical information which cannot be applied safely to any individual case. Medical knowledge and practice can change rapidly. Therefore, this book should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice. SECOND EDITION COPYRIGHT 1990, 2007 IMMUNE DEFICIENCY FOUNDATION Copyright 2007 by Immune Deficiency Foundation, USA. Readers may redistribute this article to other individuals for non-commercial use, provided that the text, html codes, and this notice remain intact and unaltered in any way. Our Immune System may not be resold, reprinted or redistributed for compensation of any kind without prior written permission from Immune Deficiency Foundation. If you have any questions about permission, please contact: Immune Deficiency Foundation, 40 West Chesapeake Avenue, Suite 308, Towson, MD 21204, USA; or by telephone at 1-800-296-4433. -
B-Cell Reconstitution Recapitulates B-Cell Lymphopoiesis Following Haploidentical BM Transplantation and Post-Transplant CY
Bone Marrow Transplantation (2015) 50, 317–319 © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0268-3369/15 www.nature.com/bmt LETTER TO THE EDITOR B-cell reconstitution recapitulates B-cell lymphopoiesis following haploidentical BM transplantation and post-transplant CY Bone Marrow Transplantation (2015) 50, 317–319; doi:10.1038/ From week 9, the proportion of transitional B cells progressively bmt.2014.266; published online 24 November 2014 decreased (not shown), whereas that of mature B cells increased (Figure 1d). To further evaluate the differentiation of mature cells, we included markers of naivety (IgM and IgD) and memory (IgG) in The treatment of many hematological diseases benefits from our polychromatic panel. At week 9, when a sufficient proportion myeloablative or non-myeloablative conditioning regimens of cells were available for the analysis, B cells were mostly naive followed by SCT or BMT. HLA-matched donors are preferred but and remained so for 26 weeks after haploBMT (Figure 1d). Despite not always available. Instead, haploidentical donors can be rapidly low, the proportion of memory B cells reached levels similar to identified. Unmanipulated haploidentical BMT (haploBMT) with that of marrow donors (Supplementary Figure 1D). non-myeloablative conditioning and post-transplant Cy has been To further investigate the steps of B-cell maturation, we developed to provide a universal source of BM donors.1 Cy, analyzed CD5, a regulator of B-cell activation, and CD21, a which depletes proliferating/allogeneic cells, prevents GVHD.1 component of the B-cell coreceptor complex, on transitional B Importantly, the infection-related mortality was remarkably low, cells. These surface markers characterize different stages of 5,6 5,6 suggesting effective immune reconstitution.1,2 However, a transitional B-cell development. -
Human B Cell Isolation Product Selection Diagram
Human B Cell Isolation Product Selection Explore the infographic below to find the correct human B cell isolation product for your application. 1. Your Starting Sample Whole Peripheral Blood/Buffy Coat PBMCs/Leukapheresis Pack 2. Cell Separation Platform Immunodensity Cell Separation Immunomagnetic Cell Separation Immunomagnetic Cell Separation 3. Product Line RosetteSep™ EasySep™ EasySep™ Sequential Selection Negative Selection Negative Selection Positive Selection Negative Selection Positive Selection 4. Selection Method (Positive + Negative) iRosetteSep™ HLA iEasySep™ Direct HLA i, iiEasySep™ HLA iEasySep™ HLA B Cell viEasySep™ Human CD19 EasySep™ Human IgG+ B Cell Enrichment Cocktail B Cell Isolation Kit Chimerism Whole Blood Enrichment Kit Positive Selection Kit II Memory B Cell Isolation (15064HLA)1, 2, 3 (89684) / EasySep™ Direct B Cell Positive Selection (19054HLA)1, 2 (17854)1, 2 Kit (17868)1 (optional), 2' HLA Crossmatch B Cell Kit (17886)1, 2 Isolation Kit (19684 - 1, 2 RosetteSep™ Human available in the US only) iiiEasySep™ Human B Cell viEasySep™ Release EasySep™ Human Memory 5. Cell Isolation Kits B Cell Enrichment Cocktail i, iiEasySep™ HLA Enrichment Kit Human CD19 Positive B Cell Isolation Kit 1, 2, 3 1, 2 1, 2 1 (optional), 2 Catalog #s shown in ( ) (15024) Chimerism Whole Blood (19054) Selection Kit (17754) (17864) EasySep™ Direct Human CD19 Positive Selection B-CLL Cell Isolation Kit Kit (17874)1, 2 1, 2, 3, 4 *RosetteSep™ Human (19664) iiiEasySep™ Human B Cell EasySep™ Human CD138 Multiple Myeloma Cell Isolation Kit -
Defining Natural Antibodies
PERSPECTIVE published: 26 July 2017 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00872 Defining Natural Antibodies Nichol E. Holodick1*, Nely Rodríguez-Zhurbenko2 and Ana María Hernández2* 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Immunobiology, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States, 2 Natural Antibodies Group, Tumor Immunology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba The traditional definition of natural antibodies (NAbs) states that these antibodies are present prior to the body encountering cognate antigen, providing a first line of defense against infection thereby, allowing time for a specific antibody response to be mounted. The literature has a seemingly common definition of NAbs; however, as our knowledge of antibodies and B cells is refined, re-evaluation of the common definition of NAbs may be required. Defining NAbs becomes important as the function of NAb production is used to define B cell subsets (1) and as these important molecules are shown to play numerous roles in the immune system (Figure 1). Herein, we aim to briefly summarize our current knowledge of NAbs in the context of initiating a discussion within the field of how such an important and multifaceted group of molecules should be defined. Edited by: Keywords: natural antibody, antibodies, natural antibody repertoire, B-1 cells, B cell subsets, B cells Harry W. Schroeder, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States NATURAL ANTIBODY (NAb) PRODUCING CELLS Reviewed by: Andre M. Vale, Both murine and human NAbs have been discussed in detail since the late 1960s (2, 3); however, Federal University of Rio cells producing NAbs were not identified until 1983 in the murine system (4, 5). -
Med-Pathway Zoom Workshop
MCAT Immunology Dr. Phillip Carpenter medpathwaymcat Med-pathway AAMC MCAT Content Outline: Immunology Category 1A: Structure/Function of Proteins/AA Immune System Category 3B: Organ Systems Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity T and B Lymphocytes Macrophages & Phagocytes Tissue-Bone marrow, Spleen, Thymus, Lymph nodes Antigen and Antibody Antigen Presentation Clonal Selection Antigen-Antibody recognition Structure of antibody molecule Self vs. Non-self, Autoimmune Diseases Major Histocompatibility Complex Lab Techniques: ELISA & Western Blotting Hematopoiesis Creates Immune Cells Self vs. Non-self Innate vs Adaptive Innate Immunity Physical Barriers: Skin, mucous membranes, pH Inflammatory mediators: Complement, Cytokines, Prostaglandins Cellular Components: Phagocytes-Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Mast Cells Antigen Presenting Cells-Monocytes, Macrophages, Dendritic Cells Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity Composed of B and T lymphocytes: Activated by Innate Immunity B cells: Express B cell receptor and secrete antibodies as plasma cells T cells: Mature in thymus, express TCR surface receptor; Activated by Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) Direct Immune response (The Ringleaders of immune system) Major Lymphoid Organs TYPE SITE FUNCTION Fetal production of Liver 1° lymphoid cells Hematopoietic production of 1° Bone marrow myeloid and lymphoid cells Receives bone marrow T 1° Thymus cells; site where self is selected from non-self Lymph nodes 2° Sites of antigen activation Spleen of lymphocytes; clearance Macrophages (Sentinel Cells) Pattern Recognition -
1 the Immune System
1 The immune system The immune response Innate immunity Adaptive immunity The immune system comprises two arms (rapid response) (slow response) functioning cooperatively to provide a Dendritic cell Mast cell comprehensive protective response: the B cell innate and the adaptive immune system. Macrophage γδ T cell T cell The innate immune system is primitive, does not require the presentation of an antigen, Natural and does not lead to immunological memory. killer cell Basophil Its effector cells are neutrophils, Complement protein macrophages, and mast cells, reacting Antibodies Natural Eosinophil killer T cell CD4+ CD8+ within minutes to hours with the help of T cell T cell complement activation and cytokines (CK). Granulocytes Neutrophil B-lymphocytes B-cell receptor The adaptive immune response is provided by the lymphocytes, which precisely recognise unique antigens (Ag) through cell-surface receptors. epitope Receptors are obtained in billions of variations through antigen cut and splicing of genes and subsequent negative T-lymphocytes selection: self-recognising lymphocytes are eradicated. T-cell receptor Immunological memory after an Ag encounter permits a faster and heightened state of response on a subsequent exposure. epitope MHC Lymphocytes develop in primary lymphoid tissue (bone marrow [BM], thymus) and circulate towards secondary Tonsils and adenoids Lymph lymphoid tissue (lymph nodes [LN], spleen, MALT). nodes Lymphatic vessels The Ag reach the LN carried by lymphocytes or by Thymus dendritic cells. Lymphocytes enter the LN from blood Lymph transiting through specialised endothelial cells. nodes The Ag is processed within the LN by lymphocytes, Spleen macrophages, and other immune cells in order to mount a specific immune response. -
Homeostatic and Activated Conditions Cell
The Journal of Immunology Dynamics of the Splenic Innate-like CD19+CD45Rlo Cell Population from Adult Mice in Homeostatic and Activated Conditions Bele´n de Andre´s,*,1 Carmen Prado,* Beatriz Palacios,* Mario Alı´a,* Sharmili Jagtap,† Natalia Serrano,† Isabel Cortegano,* Miguel Angel R. Marcos,† and Maria Luisa Gaspar*,1 In the adult spleen, CD19+CD45R2/lo (19+45Rlo) lymphocytes of embryonic origin exist as a distinct population to that of the conventional B cell lineage. These cells display a plasmablast phenotype, and they spontaneously secrete IgG1 and IgA, whereas the bone marrow population of 19+45Rlo cells contains B1 progenitors. In this study, we show that 19+45Rlo cells are also present in Peyer’s patches and in the spleen throughout the life span of wild-type mice, beginning at postnatal day 7. Although this population is heterogeneous, the surface phenotype of most of these cells distinguishes them from follicular, transitional, marginal zone, and B1 cells. In CBA/CaHN mice, few 19+45Rlo cells were detected at postnatal day 7, and none was observed in the adult spleen. Splenic 19+45Rlo cells exhibited homeostatic BrdU uptake in vivo and actively transcribed cell cycle genes. When trans- ferred to immunodeficient RAG22/2gchain2/2 recipient mice, 19+45Rlo cells survived and differentiated into IgG1– and IgA– plasma cells. Moreover, in vitro stimulation of splenic 19+45Rlo cells with LPS, CpG, BAFF/IL4, and CD40/IL4 induced cell proliferation, IgG1/IgA secretion and the release of IL-10, suggesting a potential immunoregulatory role for this subset of innate- like B cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2012, 189: 2300–2308. -
B Cells + Interaction
Human B Cell Activation by Autologous NK Cells Is Regulated by CD40-CD40 Ligand Interaction: Role of Memory B Cells and CD5 + B Cells This information is current as of October 2, 2021. Isaac R. Blanca, Earl W. Bere, Howard A. Young and John R. Ortaldo J Immunol 2001; 167:6132-6139; ; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.11.6132 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/167/11/6132 Downloaded from References This article cites 45 articles, 17 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/167/11/6132.full#ref-list-1 http://www.jimmunol.org/ Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication by guest on October 2, 2021 *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2001 by The American Association of Immunologists All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. Human B Cell Activation by Autologous NK Cells Is Regulated by CD40-CD40 Ligand Interaction: Role of Memory B Cells and CD5؉ B Cells Isaac R. Blanca,*† Earl W. Bere,* Howard A. -
B-Cell Lymphomas Differ in Their Responsiveness to Cpg Oligodeoxynucleotides
1490 Vol. 11, 1490–1499, February 15, 2005 Clinical Cancer Research B-Cell Lymphomas Differ in their Responsiveness to CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Bernd Jahrsdorfer,5 Lars Mu¨hlenhoff,1 responsiveness to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Focusing Sue E. Blackwell,5 Moritz Wagner,1 clinical studies on patients with highly CpG oligodeoxynu- cleotide–sensitive B-cell malignancies may improve the Hendrik Poeck,1 Evelyn Hartmann,3 Ralf Jox,1 clinical outcome of such trials. Thomas Giese,4 Bertold Emmerich,2 Stefan Endres,1 5 1 George J. Weiner, and Gunther Hartmann INTRODUCTION 1 2 Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Internal The vast majority of lymphoid neoplasms worldwide are Medicine, Division of Hematology, and 3Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; derived from B lymphocytes at various stages of differentiation. 4Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Neoplasms originating from precursor B cells are rare. Neo- Germany; and 5Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center and plasms derived from mature naive B cells include B-cell chronic Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (LCL) are ABSTRACT derived from germinal center B cells. Memory B cells can Human B cells detect CpG motifs within microbial DNA develop into marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZL) and B- via TLR9. Synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides are currently CLL. Plasmacytoma is related to plasma cells (1). The most being tested in clinical trials for the therapy of different types typical lymphomas are of diffuse large B-cell type (33%) of B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.