Guatemala Series 1 Secondary (7–12) TABLE of CONTENTS
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Guatemala Timeline
Guatemala Timeline 1954: The U.S. backs a coup led by Carlos Castillo Armas against Guatemala's president, Jacobo Arbenz, which halts land reforms. Castillo Armas becomes President and takes away voting rights for illiterate Guatemalans. 1957: On July 26, President Armas is killed. 1960: The violent Guatemalan Civil War begins between the government's army and left-wing groups. Thousands of murders, rapes, tortures, and forced disappearances were executed by the Government toward the indigenous peoples. 1971: 12,000 students of the Universidad de San Carlos protest the soaring rate of violent crime. 1980: Maya leaders go to the Spanish Embassy in Guatemala to protest the numerous disappearances and assassinations by the State and to ask that the army be removed from their department, El Quiché. Security forces respond by burning the Embassy, which results in 37 deaths. 1982: Under President/Dictator Ríos Mont, the Scorched Earth policy targeting indigenous groups goes into effect. Over 626 indigenous villages are attacked. The massacre of the Ixil people and the Dos Erres Massacre are two of the most severe genocides during this time. 1985: Guatemala's Constitution includes three articles protecting the indigenous. Article 66 promotes their daily life, including their dress, language, and traditions. Article 67 protects indigenous land, and Article 68 declares that the State will give land to indigenous communities who need it for their development. 1985: The Academy of Mayan Languages of Guatemala (ALMG), which promotes and advocates for the use of the twenty-two Mayan languages in the public and private spheres, is recognized as an autonomous institution funded by the government. -
Economics Working Paper 99-04. Adoption and Use of Improved
E C O N O M I C S Working Paper 99-04 Adoption and Use of Improved Maize by Small-Scale Farmers in Southeast Guatemala Gustavo Saín and Julio Martínez* * Gustavo Saín is Regional Economist for Central America and the Caribbean with CIMMYT. Julio Martínez is an economist with the Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnologías Agropecuarias (ICTA) de Guatemala. The views represented in this paper are those of the authors and do not represent the official views of CIMMYT. CIMMYT (www.cimmyt.mx or www.cimmyt.cgiar.org) is an internationally funded, nonprofit scientific research and training organization. Headquartered in Mexico, the Center works with agricultural research institutions worldwide to improve the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of maize and wheat systems for poor farmers in developing countries. It is one of 16 similar centers supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The CGIAR comprises over 55 partner countries, international and regional organizations, and private foundations. It is co-sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Financial support for CIMMYT’s research agenda also comes from many other sources, including foundations, development banks, and public and private agencies. CIMMYT supports Future Harvest, a public awareness campaign that builds understanding about the importance of agricultural issues and international agricultural research. Future Harvest links respected research institutions, influential public figures, and leading agricultural scientists to underscore the wider social benefits of improved agriculture—peace, prosperity, environmental renewal, health, and the alleviation of human suffering (www.futureharvest.org). -
Relación Comercial Guatemala – Panamá
Viceministerio de Integración y Comercio Exterior Dirección de Análisis Económico 03 de julio de 2018 Relación Comercial Guatemala – Panamá Indicadores Macroeconómicos de Panamá y Guatemala Año 2017* PANAMÁ GUATEMALA Descripción Población 4,034,119 16,924,190 PIB TOTAL (US$ US$55,187.7 millones US$75,589.6 millones PIB per Cápita (US$) US$13,680.2 US$4,466.4 Tasa de crecimiento PIB 5.5% 2.8% agricultura: 2.7% agricultura: 13.2% Composición PIB por sector industria: 28.1% industria: 23.6% servicios: 69.2% servicios: 63.2% Remesas US$502.2 millones US$8,192.2 millones Deuda pública 38.8% 23.9% del PIB Inflación 1.6% 5.6% Inversiones (Formación de 42.8% 12.5% capital) *cifras preliminares sujetas a cambios, excepto los datos económicos de Panamá que se encuentran al 2016 Fuente: Banco de Guatemala, Banco Mundial, Cia Factbook, Trademap 1 Viceministerio de Integración y Comercio Exterior Dirección de Análisis Económico 03 de julio de 2018 Indicadores Macroeconómicos de Panamá y Guatemala Año 2017* PANAMÁ GUATEMALA Descripción Exportaciones (US$) US$5,087.1 millones US$11,001.5 millones Participación n/a 15.9% exportaciones/PIB Ecuador (17.5%), Estados Unidos de América Japón (16.2%), (33.9%), Guatemala (10.9%), El Salvador (11.1%), Socios comerciales (EXP) Estados Unidos de Honduras (8.8%), América (9.0%), Nicaragua (5.1%), Países Bajos (6.5%) México (4.6%) Importaciones (US$) US$32,233.5 US$18,388.8 millones Participación n/a 26.5% importaciones/PIB China (17.8%), Estados Unidos de América Estados Unidos de (39.8%), América (17.3%), China -
Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua): Patterns of Human Rights Violations
writenet is a network of researchers and writers on human rights, forced migration, ethnic and political conflict WRITENET writenet is the resource base of practical management (uk) independent analysis e-mail: [email protected] CENTRAL AMERICA (GUATEMALA, EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, NICARAGUA): PATTERNS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS A Writenet Report by Beatriz Manz (University of California, Berkeley) commissioned by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Status Determination and Protection Information Section (DIPS) August 2008 Caveat: Writenet papers are prepared mainly on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. The papers are not, and do not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. The views expressed in the paper are those of the author and are not necessarily those of Writenet or UNHCR. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms ................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ................................................................................ iii 1 Introduction........................................................................................1 1.1 Regional Historical Background ................................................................1 1.2 Regional Contemporary Background........................................................2 1.3 Contextualized Regional Gang Violence....................................................4 -
Ladino and Indigenous Pageantry in Neocolonial Guatemala
THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER: LADINO AND INDIGENOUS PAGEANTRY IN NEOCOLONIAL GUATEMALA by Jillian L. Kite A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL August 2014 Copyright by Jillian L. Kite 2014 ii iii ABSTRACT Author: Jillian L. Kite Title: The Eye of the Beholder: Ladino and Indigenous Pageantry in Neocolonial Guatemala Institution: Florida Atlantic University Thesis Co-Advisors: Dr. Josephine Beoku-Betts and Dr. Mark Harvey Degree: Master of Arts Year: 2014 In this thesis I utilize a feminist case study method to explore gender, race, authenticity, and nationalism in the context of globalization. Each year, Guatemala conducts two ethno-racially distinct pageants – one indigenous, the other ladina. The indigenous pageant prides itself on the authentic display of indigenous culture and physiognomies. On the contrary, during the westernized ladina pageant, contestants strive to adhere to western beauty ideals beauty and cultural norms engendered by discourses of whiteness. However, when the winner advances to the Miss World Pageant, they misappropriate elements of Mayan culture to express an authentic national identity in a way that is digestible to an international audience. In the study that follows, I examine the ways in which national and international pageants are reflective of their iv respective levels of social and political conflict and how they serve as mechanisms of manipulation by the elite at the national and global levels. v THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER: LADINO AND INDIGENOUS PAGEANTRY IN NEOCOLONIAL GUATEMALA I. -
ECFG-Guatemala-Feb-19.Pdf
ECFG: Central America Central ECFG: About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for success (Photo: Guatemalan President Jimmy Morales speaks with US Marines in Escuintla, Guatemala). The guide consists of 2 parts: E CFG Part 1 “Culture General” provides the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment with a focus on Central America (CENTAM). Guatemala Part 2 “Culture Specific” describes unique cultural features of Guatemalan society. It applies culture-general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location. This section is designed to complement other pre- deployment training (Photo: Mississippi ANC medics assist Guatemalans in loading critically injured patients on to a C-17 Globemaster III). For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at http://culture.af.mil/ or contact the AFCLC Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the express permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources. GENERAL CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. -
Faqs: Health, Safety and Travel During COVID-19 Response in Guatemala Table of Contents
FAQs: Health, Safety and Travel during COVID-19 Response in Guatemala Table of Contents General Information about the situation in Guatemala during the COVID-19 crisis .......................2 Are all borders and airports closed in Guatemala? ............................................................................................ 2 Should I try to cross into Mexico and fly to U.S. from there? .......................................................................... 2 Is a Curfew in effect in Guatemala? If so, what are the rules? ......................................................................... 3 Can I travel by land within Guatemala? ............................................................................................................ 3 Can I travel by Air within Guatemala? .............................................................................................................. 3 Where can I find all alerts published by the U.S. Embassy in Guatemala related to the COVID-19 crisis? . 3 Where can I find health information about COVID-19?.................................................................................. 4 If I go back to the U.S. will I be quarantined? ................................................................................................... 4 Information about air travel options not coordinated by the Department of State ...........................4 Information about Charter Flights organized by the Department of State .......................................4 Is the U.S. Embassy organizing -
Native American Connections, Maya Resistance, and Escape from Guatemala: Jeronimo Camposeco's Autobiography
Maya America: Journal of Essays, Commentary, and Analysis Volume 1 Issue 1 Article 3 7-1-2019 Native American Connections, Maya Resistance, and Escape from Guatemala: Jeronimo Camposeco's Autobiography Jeronimo Camposeco Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/mayaamerica Part of the Indigenous Studies Commons Recommended Citation Camposeco, Jeronimo (2019) "Native American Connections, Maya Resistance, and Escape from Guatemala: Jeronimo Camposeco's Autobiography," Maya America: Journal of Essays, Commentary, and Analysis: Vol. 1 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/mayaamerica/vol1/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maya America: Journal of Essays, Commentary, and Analysis by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maya Resistance, Native American Connections, and Escape from Guatemala: An Autobiography Jeronimo Camposeco Community Leader Abstract: Jeronimo has been an activist for Maya justice since the 1960s, and a long-time Maya leader in exile. Jeronimo in this essay will discuss his experiences with Maya and U.S. Native American alliances in the 1970s and 1980s, and the beginnings of government violence. Introduction I am from Jacaltenango, a town in Guatemala, located on the slopes of the Cuchumatan Mountains, a branch of the Sierra Madre in the Department of Huehuetenango. My birth year is 1936. Growing up in the 1940s and 1950s, village life included working in our cornfields, and speaking our Maya Jakalteko (Popti’). Thanks to the Maryknoll missionaries, I could go to a seminary; then I got a scholarship to attend a national school, graduating as a schoolteacher. -
Exclusion, Gender and Education
Indigenous girls in 6 Guatemala: Poverty and location Kelly Hallman and Sara Peracca, with Jennifer Catino and Marta Julia Ruiz lthough enrollment rates are increasing in Guatemala, Aeducational attainment continues to be among the low- est in Latin America as a result of late entry, repetition, and early dropout. Vast inequalities in access and attainment— linked to ethnicity, gender, poverty, and geography—remain. Adult literacy, estimated at 85 percent in Latin America, is just 70 percent in Guatemala (UNDP 2004). While indigenous peoples generally have less school- ing than nonindigenous peoples throughout Latin America, ethnic differences are greatest in Guatemala, where indig- enous adults have less than half the schooling of nonindige- nous adults (2.5 years of education compared with 5.7 years) (Hall and Patrinos 2005). Recent trends show the ethnic gap narrowing among younger people, but large inequalities re- main. Among 10- to 19-year-olds, the indigenous literacy This chapter was commissioned by the Center for Global Development, Washington, D.C. Funding was also provided by the Department for International Development (U.K.), the William and Flora Hewlett Foun- dation, and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The authors benefited from the comments of participants at the 2004 annual meeting of the Population Association of America, in Boston, and in national forums on “Multisectoral Strategies to Improve the Lives of Vulnerable Adolescents” in Guatemala City, Guatemala, in September 2004 and in Antigua, Gua- temala, in December 2005. They wish to thank Claudia Regina Aguilar for preparing the ENCOVI/LSMS data for analysis; Aimee Lyons for assistance in preparing the manuscript; Maureen Lewis, Cynthia B. -
Maize Genetic Resources of Highland Guatemala in Space and Time
Seeds, hands, and lands Maize genetic resources of highland Guatemala in space and time Promotoren Prof. dr. P. Richards Hoogleraar Technologie en Agrarische Ontwikkeling Wageningen Universiteit Prof. dr. ir. A.K. Bregt Hoogleraar Geo-informatiekunde Wageningen Universiteit Co-promotoren Dr. ir. S. de Bruin Universitair docent, Centrum voor Geo-Informatie Wageningen Universiteit Dr. ir. H. Maat Universitair docent, leerstoelgroep Technologie en Agrarische Ontwikkeling Wageningen Universiteit Promotiecommissie Dr. E.F. Fischer (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA) Dr. ir. Th.J.L. van Hintum (Centrum voor Genetische Bronnen Nederland, Wageningen) Prof. dr. L.E. Visser (Wageningen Universiteit) Prof. dr. K.S. Zimmerer (University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA) Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd binnen CERES Research School for Resource Studies for Development en C.T. de Wit Graduate School for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation. Seeds, hands, and lands Maize genetic resources of highland Guatemala in space and time Jacob van Etten Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van de rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit, prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 11 oktober 2006 des namiddags te vier uur in de Aula © Jacob van Etten, except Chapter 2 Keywords: plant genetic resources, Guatemala, maize ISBN: 90-8504-485-5 Cover design: Marisa Rappard For Laura and Hanna Acknowledgments This work was financially supported by Wageningen University and Research Centre through the CERES Research School for Resource Studies for Human Development and through the C.T. de Wit Graduate School for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation. I am grateful for having such good supervisors, who advised me on crucial points but also allowed me much freedom. -
Latinos in Massachusetts: Guatemalans
University of Massachusetts Boston ScholarWorks at UMass Boston Gastón Institute for Latino Community Gastón Institute Publications Development and Public Policy Publications 7-2020 Latinos in Massachusetts: Guatemalans Phillip Granberry Krizia Valentino Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umb.edu/gaston_pubs Part of the Latina/o Studies Commons, Migration Studies Commons, Public Policy Commons, and the Race and Ethnicity Commons Latinos in Massachusetts: Guatemalans by Phillip Granberry, Ph.D. & Krizia Valentino MA July 2020 THE MAURICIO GASTON INSTITUTE FOR LATINO COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY Intro The Gastón Institute’s 2020 Latinos in Massachusetts series focuses on the ten largest Latino populations located throughout the state.1 In order of size, these Latino populations are Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, Brazilians,2 Salvadorans, Guatemalans, Mexicans, Colombians, Cubans, Hondurans, and Ecuadorans. This report analyzes Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) data from the 2017 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Economic factors have historically affected the migration patterns of Central Americans such as Guatemalans. Prior to the 1980s, Central American migration to the United States showed a marked bipolarity. The majority of migrants were upper- and middle- class individuals who could afford to travel and relocate. A minority were single women hired to do domestic work in the U.S. However, in the 1980s a dramatic shift emerged in the migration pattern. 3 Armed conflicts in Central America, in which the U.S. under the Reagan administration supported brutally authoritarian right-wing forces, created social turmoil throughout the region. Emigration not only began to increase steeply, but it took on a different aspect. -
OPTICS and the CULTURE of MODERNITY in GUATEMALA CITY SINCE the LIBERAL REFORMS a Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate St
OPTICS AND THE CULTURE OF MODERNITY IN GUATEMALA CITY SINCE THE LIBERAL REFORMS A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Department of History University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By MICHAEL D. KIRKPATRICK © Michael D. Kirkpatrick, September 2013. All rights reserved. Permission to Use In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the department Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copy or publication use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any use which may be made of any material in my thesis. i ABSTRACT In the years after the Liberal Reforms of the 1870s, the capitalization of coffee production and buttressing of coercive labour regimes in rural Guatemala brought huge amounts of surplus capital to Guatemala City. Individual families—either invested in land or export houses—and the state used this newfound wealth to transform and beautify the capital, effectively inaugurating the modern era in the last decades of the nineteenth century.