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Caribbean Children Facing the Climate Crisis UNICEF Climate, Environment and Energy (CEE) Landscape Analysis for Children - Eastern Caribbean

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Caribbean Children Facing the Climate Crisis UNICEF Climate, Environment and Energy (CEE) Landscape Analysis for Children - Eastern Caribbean Caribbean Children Facing the Climate Crisis UNICEF Climate, Environment and Energy (CEE) Landscape Analysis for Children - Eastern Caribbean Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, the British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Turks and Caicos Islands November 2019 Caribbean Children Facing the Climate Crisis UNICEF Climate, Environment and Energy (CEE) Landscape Analysis for Children - Eastern Caribbean PUBLISHED BY UNICEF Office for the Eastern Caribbean November 2019 LEAD AUTHOR: Joni Pegram (ProjectDryad.org) CO-AUTHOR: David Knaute (UNICEF) COVER PHOTO: Turks and Caicos Islands: Destruction following Hurricanes Irma and Maria @UNICEF-UN0122368-Moreno Gonzalez Disclaimer The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this document are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the policies of views of UNICEF. The text has not been edited to official publication standards and UNICEF accepts no responsibility for errors. The designations in this publication do not imply an opinion on legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities, or the delimitation of frontiers. 2 Caribbean children facing the climate crisis Acknowledgements OVERALL GUIDANCE AND DIRECTION NGO partners: Caribbean Youth Environment Network (CYEN), Dominica Non-State Actors Special thanks to Dr. Aloys Kamuragiye, Advisory Panel members (including Dominica Representative, UNICEF Office for the Youth Environment Organisation, Dominica Eastern Caribbean, and Muriel Mafico, Deputy National Council on Ageing, Dominica Fisher Representative, for supporting the preparation Folk, Dominica National Council of Women, Allied of this report and their leadership in ensuring the Workers Union). implementation of recommendations. University partners and researchers: University CONTRIBUTIONS, INPUTS AND/OR REVIEW of West Indies (CARICOM Research Office, Centre for Food Security and Entrepreneurship, UNICEF: UNICEF Office for the Eastern Caribbean CERMES), Dr. Edmund Blades, Dr. Adrian (all staff); UNICEF Regional Office for Latin America Cashman. and the Caribbean; UNICEF Headquarters. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM CHILDREN & Government partners: Various Ministries/ YOUTH Departments (Ministries of Environment, Ministries of Education, Youth Departments, Disaster Barbados: Boy Scouts of Barbados; Caribbean Management Departments) from the Governments Climate Change Youth Activists; CYEN Barbados; of Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, British First Year Students UWI; United Youth Leaders of Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Barbados; UWI-Youth Development Programme; St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. Dominica: Students from Pierre Charles Secondary School (Grand Bay), Dominica Regional partners: Caribbean Community Grammar School (Roseau), Isaiah Thomas Climate Change Centre (CCCCC); Caribbean Secondary School (St Joseph), and La Plaine Development Bank (CDB); Caribbean Disaster Youth (La Plaine) and school staff, with support Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA); from Dominica Youth Environment Organization Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC), and the Ministry of Education. Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS). St. Lucia: Adolescents attending the Speech Development partners: Delegation of the Festival and CYEN members. European Union to Barbados, the Eastern Caribbean States, the OECS and CARICOM/ Thank you also to the almost 300 children and CARIFORUM; DFID Caribbean; Green Climate youth from various Eastern Caribbean countries Fund (Regional Advisor Caribbean). who replied to an electronic survey as part of the preparation of this report. UN partners: UNDP (including the GEF-SGP and JCCCP); UN Environment (Caribbean Environment Programme); UNESCO (Education, Cluster Office for the Caribbean); PAHO/WHO. 3 Caribbean children facing the climate crisis Foreword Natural hazards have long shaped the actions will be essential to achieve the Sustainable vulnerability of children across the Eastern Development Goals (SDGs). Caribbean, one of the world’s most hazard- prone areas. However, over past decades, major This Climate, Environment and Energy (CEE) environmental challenges linked to climate change Landscape Analysis for Children, entitled and various socio-economic developments have Caribbean children facing the climate crisis, is also emerged or intensified in the region. All these intended to provide an initial contribution to these factors necessitate urgent action. efforts, presenting evidence – so far lacking or overlooked – that children across the Eastern As in every crisis, children are the most Caribbean are a particularly vulnerable group, vulnerable, and the climate crisis is no exception. and experience disproportionate impacts in Indeed, the devastating 2017 hurricane season relation to climate change and environmental served as a shocking wake-up call, demonstrating degradation. The report is solutions-oriented, the impacts of unprecedented extreme weather presenting an overview of key institutional events on children and their families and wiping frameworks, entry points to increase focus on out hard-won development gains within the space children’s rights, examples of best practice child- of days. The destruction caused in September sensitive policies and initiatives, and, perhaps most 2019 by Hurricane Dorian in the Bahamas also importantly, a call to action to all stakeholders, to was a tragic confirmation that such events could place children’s rights at the heart of their climate, keep happening with greater frequency. While environment and energy agenda. current responses to these complex new realities – including by UNICEF – remain insufficient at both For UNICEF, this report will serve as a guide national and regional levels, there can be no doubt towards mainstreaming consideration of CEE that strong, transformative action is essential to issues across child-focused sectors, from reduce these risks and increase resilience. education and child protection, to health, social protection and youth empowerment, embedding There are, however, grounds for optimism. these issues as cornerstones of our Multi-Country Governments in the region are taking firm steps Programme. UNICEF is also committed to walking to place resilience-building at the top of their the talk, by introducing and promoting greener national agendas, and UNICEF is committed to practices in our office, and within our homes and supporting these processes to meet the needs communities, in line with our mandate to build a of children. In addition, efforts to ramp up climate better world for children and for future generations. change adaptation, disaster risk reduction and environmental protection provide significant As we celebrate the 30th anniversary of the opportunities for countries and territories in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, let region. Beyond responding to threats, actions us ensure that children across the Eastern in these areas will bring about behavior change, Caribbean and beyond enjoy the right to the adoption of healthier and more sustainable live in a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable lifestyles, and increased focus on the needs of environment, now and for generations to come! the most vulnerable, including children. All these Dr. Aloys KAMURAGIYE, Representative, UNICEF Office for the Eastern Caribbean, November 2019 4 Caribbean children facing the climate crisis Executive Summary The Eastern Caribbean region is among the most related (CEE) strategies, policies and legislation vulnerable in the world to the impacts of climate in the Eastern Caribbean (as much as they change. Increasingly extreme weather events, are absent from international CEE-related shifting rainfall patterns, increasing temperatures frameworks). This includes consideration of their and drought, to list a few, pose an unprecedented particular vulnerabilities, as well as their right to be threat to the region’s Small Island Developing heard and to participate meaningfully in relation to States (SIDS), whose vulnerability is shaped by these issues. This omission is exacerbated by and their small size and exposure to natural hazards, contributes to a paucity of disaggregated data and combined with socio-economic factors including child-specific information in this area, hindering their reliance on climate-sensitive economic decision-making and the ability of interventions to sectors such as tourism, agriculture and fisheries, effectively target children and meet their needs. limited resources and high levels of public Notwithstanding this overarching context, certain debt, water insecurity, environmental fragility sectoral strategies at the regional level are making and unsustainable exploitation of resources. In strides in advancing child-sensitive action on CEE 2017, two category five hurricanes (Irma and issues, particularly with respect to education and Maria) inflicted catastrophic social, economic child protection. These, along with a number of and environmental loss and damage across the good practice examples at the national level, region, affecting 143,000 people, including 39,000 provide a positive model that can be scaled up and children, and wiping out years of development emulated more broadly. gains. Under various climate projection scenarios, it is likely that such events
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