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The Image of Chemistry Presented by the Science Museum, London in the Twentieth Century: an International Perspective
The Image of Chemistry Presented by the Science Museum, London in the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective Peter Morris Abstract: How has chemistry been presented at the Science Museum, London, during the 20 th century? After an overview of the history of the Science Muse- um and its chemistry galleries, four galleries are considered in depth (1906, 1926, 1977, and 1999). The importance of the curators’ external constituency of chemists and chemical educators is emphasized. The image of chemistry at the Science Museum has concentrated on the general utility of chemistry and chemistry as a skilful craft. The presentation has been low-key rather than boosterist. A comparison is made with the chemistry galleries at the Deutsches Museum. Chemistry in the Deutsches Museum has put more emphasis on hands-on exhibits and the chemical industry. Science and technology museums have promoted chemistry in a quiet but successful way for many years, but their influence may have waned along with chemistry kits. Keywords : presentation of chemistry in museums, chemistry collections, chemistry galleries, Science Museum, Deutsches Museum . 1. Introduction Before we examine the image of chemistry that has been presented by the Science Museum during the 20th century, it is worth asking if science and technology museums have any influence on the public’s perception of chem- istry. While the impact of museums is inevitably less than, say, the mass me- dia, they do attract large audiences: the Science Museum had 1.2 million visi- tors in the 1930s, a peak of 4.2 million visitors in 1980 and 2.6 million visitors in 2004. -
Structural Assessment of a Roman Aqueduct “Pont Del Diable” in Tarragona by F.E.M
Structural assessment of a roman aqueduct “Pont del Diable” in Tarragona by F.E.M. Jaume FABREGAT1, Anna ROYO1, Agustí COSTA 2, Gerard FORTUNY3, Josep LLUÍS4. (1)Architecture Student, ETSAR, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. [email protected], [email protected]. (2) Pd.D., Student, ETSAR, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. (3) Pd.D., Informatics Engineering and Mathematics Department, ETSAR, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. (4) Pd.D., Construction Department, ETSAR, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. Abstract The object of study is a roman aqueduct which construction was ordered by Emperor Augustus the first century b.C. in Tarraco, a city in the north of Spain, today known as Tarragona. The city was declared Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2000, some restoration works were planed since then and those concerned the aqueduct as well. The restoration work consisted of a landscape performance and a physical and mechanical review of the aqueduct state in order to reinforce it if it was required. The landscape performance had the responsibility to rehabilitate a green area. Its direct relation with the River Francolí makes it a performance of great interest for the city, since it is its most important green corridor. The study analyzes the entire structure of the bridge considering several load cases. The purpose is to obtain data about the structure physical and mechanical behavior. With this information we will reach several conclusions concerning deformation and stress parameters. Hypothesis of load cases will take into account weathering effects since these would have changed stone properties through the years. -
Download Pilgrimage Brochure
Dear Friends, May 20, 2021 marks the 500 th anniversary of Ignatius de Loyola’s en- counter with a cannonball on the battlefield of Pam- plona, an event that brought with it a near- death experience and a lifelong adventure of con- version. The changes set in motion dramatically changed his direction and DAY-BY-DAY ITINERARY have reverberated down the centuries for the Church and the whole world. LOS ANGELES/ACROSS THE ATLANTIC FRIDAY, MAY 13 Ignatius fell in love with the God who Depart today from Los Angeles aboard your transatlantic saves him and pledged to follow Christ whom jet flight for Madrid, arriving the following day. he personally came to know, love, and follow more nearly day by day. This gritty human ARRIVE MADRID SATURDAY, MAY 14 being ardently desired to share his life- Your exciting adventure begins as you arrive today in Ma- altering experiences of God’s mercy and love drid. Free time to rest or explore the Spanish capital. (D) with others, and he sought to disseminate one of the more powerful forms of spirituality MADRID whose promise seems more relevant now than SUNDAY, MAY 15 ever. This morning on a tour of Madrid, see the white-trimmed 2,800-room Royal Palace and the exquisite gardens that This thoughtfully designed, ten-day pil- surround it. Other highlights include the Puerta del Sol, grimage offers you the opportunity to Cervantes Memorial, the Plaza de Espana and the acacia- strengthen your faith, come to know Jesus lined Castellana. Then visit the Prado Museum, housing a more deeply, and discover how the Holy Spir- collection of masterpieces by Spain's artists Velazquez, Goya and El Greco. -
Recent Archaeological Research at Asturica Augusta
Proceedings of the British Academy, 86, 371-394 Recent Archaeological Research at Asturica Augusta VICTORINO GARCfA MARCOS & JULIO M. VIDAL ENCINAS Iunguntur iis Asturum XXII populi divisi in Augustanos et Transmontanos, Asturica urbe magnifica (..) (Pliny NH 3.28). OVERTHE LAST 10 YEARS, as the result of the delegation of the management of cultural affairs to the Autonomous Community of Castilla y Le6n, uninterrupted rescue excavations have taken place in the town of Astorga, Roman Asturica Augusta (Vidal 1986a and 1986b; Garcia and Vidal1990; Vidal et al. 1990, 259-63; Garcla and Vidal 1993; Tab. Imp. Rom. 1991, 27-9; Vidal 1993, 309-12; Fernhndez 1993, 227-31; Garcia 1994). At the same time, rescue excavations have also taken place at Le6n, although on a smaller scale, the camp of the Legio VI1 Gemina (Vidal 1986c; Miguel and Garcia 1993). A total of more than 50 building sites have been subject to archaeological investigation, ranging from simple watching briefs to more-frequent open-area excavations. In some cases the excavated remains have been preserved beneath newly constructed buildings and incorpor- ated into public spaces' (Figure 1). From all of this somewhat frenetic activity an enormous body of histori- cal information has been derived, which has still to be studied in depth? Nevertheless it allows a new picture to be presented of one of the least well-known of the towns of Roman Spain? Literary sources Asturica Augusta is mentioned in classical literature on a number of occasions. The earliest reference, cited at the beginning of this paper, is by Pliny the Elder (AD 23-79), procurator of the province of Hispania Citerior Tarraconensis at around AD 73, during the reign of the Emperor Vespasian. -
Cuban Antifascism and the Spanish Civil War: Transnational Activism, Networks, and Solidarity in the 1930S
Cuban Antifascism and the Spanish Civil War: Transnational Activism, Networks, and Solidarity in the 1930s Ariel Mae Lambe Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Ariel Mae Lambe All rights reserved ABSTRACT Cuban Antifascism and the Spanish Civil War: Transnational Activism, Networks, and Solidarity in the 1930s Ariel Mae Lambe This dissertation shows that during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) diverse Cubans organized to support the Spanish Second Republic, overcoming differences to coalesce around a movement they defined as antifascism. Hundreds of Cuban volunteers—more than from any other Latin American country—traveled to Spain to fight for the Republic in both the International Brigades and the regular Republican forces, to provide medical care, and to serve in other support roles; children, women, and men back home worked together to raise substantial monetary and material aid for Spanish children during the war; and longstanding groups on the island including black associations, Freemasons, anarchists, and the Communist Party leveraged organizational and publishing resources to raise awareness, garner support, fund, and otherwise assist the cause. The dissertation studies Cuban antifascist individuals, campaigns, organizations, and networks operating transnationally to help the Spanish Republic, contextualizing these efforts in Cuba’s internal struggles of the 1930s. It argues that both transnational solidarity and domestic concerns defined Cuban antifascism. First, Cubans confronting crises of democracy at home and in Spain believed fascism threatened them directly. Citing examples in Ethiopia, China, Europe, and Latin America, Cuban antifascists—like many others—feared a worldwide menace posed by fascism’s spread. -
Demography Roman Spain
CARRERAS MONFORT C. A new perspective for the demographic study of Roman Spain. Revista de Historia da Arte e Arqueologia n.2, 1995-1996; pp. 59-82. A NEW PERSPECTIVE FOR THE DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF ROMAN SPAIN César Carreras Monfort* * Universitat Oberta de Catalunya e-mail: [email protected] In the last years, there has been an increase in the number of demographic studies of ancient societies, with the main aim to recognize the internal organization of the populations and, to some extent, how the resources of a territory determined patterns of distribution [Gallo, 1984; Parkin, 1992]. Actually, within the limits of the Roman society, these studies allowed us to revise again basic concepts such as the relationship between the urban and rural world [López Paz, 1994], or even, to discuss about the degree of urbanism that supposedly it is accepted for the Graeco-Roman world. The demographic analyses on the Roman period were recently favoured by a better knowledge now, of the urban perimeters of ancient Roman cities, and the patterns of rural distribution; thanks to the contribution of either the urban archaeology and the rural field-surveys [Barker, 1991] and cadastres studies [Chouquer and Favory, 1991]. Furthermore, the important contribution of papyrology also stands out, since they supply information on demography, which despite being basically about Roman Egypt, it can be extrapolated to other provinces [Hombert and Preaux, 1952; Bagnall and Frier, 1994]. These new documental evidences allow us to carry out a new estimate, from another viewpoint, of the population in a very particular province such as Roman Spain, and also they become a headway in the detailed study of population patterns. -