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Chapter 4: the Ancient Greeks

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Chapter 4: the Ancient Greeks 108-111 UO2-824133 4/3/04 4:16 PM Page 108 TheAncient World Each civilization that you will study in this unit made important contributions to history. • The Greeks developed democratic government. • The ancient Chinese created paper. • The people of India invented the concept of zero. 25002500 B..C.. 1500 1500 B..C.. 800 800 B..C.. 650 650 B..C.. Ancient c. 1600 B.C. c. 776 B.C. Greece Minoan First civilization Olympic Cha & 5 pters 4 reaches Games height take place Ancient plate Early c. 2500 B.C. c. 1500 B.C. IndiaIndia Settlements Aryans invade develop along India Hindu temple Chap r 6 te Indus River Early c. 1750 B.C. c. 1045 B.C. China Shang dynasty Zhou establish Chapter 7 begins dynasty in China Zhou dynasty bronze dragon 108 (t)National Museums of Scotland/Bridgeman Art Library, (c)Borromeo/Art Resource, NY, (b)file photo 108-111 UO2-824133 3/28/04 9:45 AM Page 109 0 1,000 miles 0 1,000 kilometers Mercator projection Chapter 6 Chapter 7 EUROPE Caspian Sea ASIA Black Sea e H GOBI g T an i SH Hu g KU r E i U I up s D n Mediterranean h R Persian IN d r . H us Sea a R te s Gulf . N R Jiang . ang Chapters h 4 & 5 CCHINA 4 & 5 . R e l ARABIA i INDIA South PACIFIC N Arabian Bay of China OCEAN AFRICA Red Sea Sea Sea Bengal Equator Chapters 4 & 5 INDIAN Chapter0° 6 30°E 60°E OCEAN 90°E 120°E Chapter 7 500500 B..C.. 350 350 B..C.. 200 200 B..C.. 50 50 B..C.. A..D.. 100100 490 B.C. 399 B.C. c. 330 B.C. Greeks and Socrates Aristotle develops Persians fight tried for his theories about the Battle of teachings government Marathon Statue of Socrates c. 530 B.C. c. 321 B.C. 273 B.C. Siddhartha Chandragupta Asoka begins rule in India Gautama Maurya unites founds northern India Buddhism in India Statue of the Buddha c. 530 B.C. c. 100 B.C. c. A.D. 100 Confucius Silk Road links Buddhism spreads develops his China and the from India to China philosophy in Middle East China Statue of horse from Han dynasty (t)Scala/Art Resource, NY, (c)Hugh Sitton/Getty Images, (b)Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY 108-111 UO2-824133 3/29/04 6:31 PM Page 110 1 Greek Parthenon EUROPE See Ancient Greece Chapters 4 & 5 1 2 Alexandria lighthouse AFRICA 2 See Ancient Greece Chapter 5 c. 750 B.C. c. 495–429 B.C. Greek poet, wrote Iliad c. 563–483 B.C. 551–479 B.C. Athenian general and and Odyssey Founder of Buddhism Chinese philosopher leading statesman Chapter 5, page 157 Chapter 6, page 205 Chapter 7, page 236 Chapter 4, page 140 110 110–111 ©Worldsat International Inc. 2004, All Rights Reserved, (tl)Getty Images, (c)Archives Charmet/Bridgeman Art Library, (bl)Scala/Art Resource, NY, (bcl)Christie’s, London/Bridgeman Art Library/SuperStock, (bcr)Vanni/Art Resource, NY, (br)Scala/Art Resource, NY 108-111 UO2-824133 3/29/04 6:29 PM Page 111 3 Harappan priest-king ASIA See Early India Chapter 6 4 Statue of god Siva 5 See Early India Chapter 6 3 5 Great Wall of China 4 Pacific Ocean See Early China Chapter 7 Indian Ocean c. 356–323 B.C. c. 259–210 B.C. 384–322 B.C. Macedonian Ruled c. 273–232 B.C. Built the first Great Greek philosopher general and king Philosopher-king of India Wall of China Chapter 5, page 171 Chapter 5, page 177 Chapter 6, page 211 Chapter 7, page 241 111 (t to b)Robert Harding Picture Library, Victoria & Albert Museum, London/Art Resource, NY, Digital Vision, (l to r)Alinari/Art Resource, NY, Sandro Vannini/CORBIS, Hulton/Getty Images, National Geographic Society Image Collection 112-115 CH4 CO-824133 3/20/04 9:45 AM Page 112 The Ancient Greeks The Parthenon rises above the city of Athens. The people of ancient Greece built this temple to celebrate their goddess Athena. 700 B.C. 600 B.C. 500 B.C. 400 B.C. c. 750 B.C. c. 650 B.C. 480 B.C. 431 B.C. Greece’s Dark Tyrants over- Xerxes Peloponnesian Age comes to throw nobles invades War begins an end in city-states Greece Vanni Archive/CORBIS 112-115 CH4 CO-824133 2/6/04 8:48 PM Page 113 Chapter Overview Visit Chapter Preview jat.glencoe.com for a preview Greek civilization began almost 4,000 years ago, but of Chapter 4. Greek ideas about government, science, and the arts are still important today. View the Chapter 4 video in the World History: Journey Across Time Video Program. The Early Greeks The earliest civilizations in Greece were the Minoans and the Mycenaeans. Greece’s mountains, climate, and surrounding seas played a large role in their history. Sparta and Athens Athens and Sparta became the two most powerful city-states in ancient Greece. Sparta focused on its military force, while Athens focused on trade, culture, and democracy. Persia Attacks the Greeks The Persian Empire gained control of most of southwest Asia. However, when the Persians tried to conquer the Greeks, Athens and Sparta united to defeat them. The Age of Pericles Under the leadership of Pericles, Athens became a powerful city-state and culture blossomed. Summarizing Information Make this foldable to help you organize and summarize information about the ancient Greeks. Step 1 Mark the Step 2 Fold Reading and Writing midpoint of a side edge the paper in As you read the chapter, of one sheet of paper. half again write information under Then fold the outside from side to each appropriate tab. Be edges in to touch the side. sure to summarize the midpoint. information you find by writing only main ideas Step 3 Open the Step 4 Label and supporting details. paper and cut along as shown. The Sparta Cut along the Early and the inside fold lines fold lines on Greeks Athens to form four tabs. both sides. Persia Attacks The the Age of Greeks Pericles 113 112-115 CH4 CO-824133 3/23/04 10:16 AM Page 114 Making Connections Use What You Know Unlock meaning by making a connection between what you read and what you already know. Your own experiences can help you understand words or ideas that are unfamiliar. Read the paragraph below. Make a con- nection between a Greek agora and a place that is familiar to you. Below the acropolis was an open area called an agora (A • guh • ruh). Do you know This space had two functions: it was what an agora looks like? both a market and a place where people could meet and debate issues. — from page 122 You know what a market looks like. Can you also visualize a place where people could meet? If so, then you have a good e idea of what an agora might look like. eate a pictur Try to cr ou in your mind as y gine a mini- ead. Ima what r ou “see” movie as y . the author is describing 114 112-115 CH4 CO-824133 2/6/04 8:51 PM Page 115 Read to Write Foto Marburg/Art Resource, NY Resource, Foto Marburg/Art Making the Choose one of the connections from your Connection discussion. Write a Read the following paragraph from Chapter 4. What paragraph to explain ideas can you connect to your own experiences? Use the why you made such a questions below to help you begin a class discussion about connection. Use vivid things in your life that relate to life in ancient Greece. details. At age 20, Spartan men entered the regular army. The men remained in military barracks for 10 more years. They ate all their meals in dining halls with other soldiers. A typical meal was a vile-tasting dish called black broth—pork boiled in animal blood, salt, and vinegar. Spartans returned home at age 30 but stayed in the army until age 60. They continued to train for combat. They expected to either win on the battlefield or die, but never to surren- der. One Spartan mother ordered her son to “Come home carrying your shield or being carried on it.” —from pages 126–127 • Do you have any family members or friends who are 20 years old? What would they say if they were required to serve in the army for 40 years? • Have you ever seen or tasted food that looks like “black broth”? As you read the chapter, choose five words or phrases that make a connec- tion to something you already know. 115 116-123 CH4 S1-824133 2/23/04 11:31 PM Page 116 The Early Greeks What’s the Connection? Locating Places In Chapters 1 and 2, you learned Crete (KREET) about Mesopotamia and Egypt. These Mycenae (my•SEE•nee) civilizations grew up in great river Peloponnesus valleys with rich soil. Greece had no (PEH•luh•puh•NEE•suhs) great river valleys. Instead, it had mountains, rocky soil, and many Meeting People miles of seacoasts. Agamemnon (A•guh•MEHM•nahn) Focusing on the Building Your Vocabulary • The geography of Greece influenced peninsula (puh•NIHN•suh•luh) where people settled and what they colony (KAH•luh•nee) did. (page 117) polis (PAH•luhs) • The Minoans earned their living by agora (A•guh•ruh) building ships and trading.
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