DOCSLIB.ORG

Draft Final Feasibility Study Tanaga and Ogliuga Islands, Alaska

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Draft Final Feasibility Study Tanaga and Ogliuga Islands, Alaska AECOM Prepared for: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Alaska District Contract: W911KB-08-D-0004 Task Order: 0008 Feasibility Study Formerly Used Defense Sites (F10AK022801 and F10AK018002) Tanaga and Ogliuga Islands, Alaska Draft Final September 2012 F10AK022801_xx.xx_yyyy_a; AECOM Project No.: 60133134 200-1e F10AK018002_xx.xx_yyyy_a; 200-1e This page intentionally left blank. DRAFT FINAL FEASIBILITY STUDY FORMERLY USED DEFENSE SITES (F10AK022801 AND F10AK018002) TANAGA AND OGLIUGA ISLANDS, ALASKA Prepared for: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Alaska District CEPOA-ESP-FUDS P.O. Box 6898 JBER, Alaska 99506-6898 Contract: W911KB-08-D-0004 Task Order: 0008 AECOM Project No.: 60133134 Prepared by: AECOM Technical Services, Inc. 1835 South Bragaw Street, Suite 490 Anchorage, AK 99508 _________________________________ Prepared By Sarah Byam, Engineer _________________________________ Reviewed By John Jones, Senior Reviewer _________________________________ Reviewed By Mike A. Jones, Task Order Manager F10AK022801_xx.xx_yyyy_a; September 2012 200-1e F10AK018002_xx.xx_yyyy_a; 200-1e This page intentionally left blank. CONTENTS Acronyms and Abbreviations vii 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Tanaga Island 2 1.2 Ogliuga Island 3 2.0 PREVIOUS STUDIES 9 2.1 Tanaga Island 9 2.1.1 Archaeological Studies 9 2.1.2 Land Ownership Status 9 2.1.3 Areas under Investigation 9 2.1.4 Main Camp Area 10 2.1.5 Barrel Dump Area 14 2.1.6 Airstrip Area 15 2.1.7 Southeast of Airstrip Area 18 2.1.8 North of Airstrip Area 20 2.1.9 Tower Area 22 2.1.10 Pumphouse Area 23 2.1.11 Landfill Area 24 2.1.12 Small Arms Firing Range Area 25 2.2 Ogliuga Island 26 2.2.1 Land Ownership Status 26 2.2.2 Areas Under Investigation 26 2.2.3 Ogliuga Runway Camp Area 26 2.2.4 Ogliuga East Area 28 2.2.5 Ogliuga West Area 28 3.0 IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICALS OF CONCERN 79 3.1 Background Metals 79 3.2 Arsenic 79 3.3 Methodology for Tanaga and Ogliuga 79 4.0 APPLICABLE OR RELEVANT AND APPROPRIATE REQUIREMENTS 85 4.1 Chemical-specific ARARs 86 4.2 Location-specific ARARs 86 4.3 Action-specific ARARs 86 4.4 Cleanup Levels 87 4.4.1 ADEC Method Two Cleanup Level 87 4.4.2 ADEC Method Three Assessment and Cleanup Criteria 87 4.5 Summary of Media and Volumes in Excess of Cleanup Levels 89 5.0 IDENTIFICATION AND SCREENING OF TECHNOLOGIES 101 5.1 Remedial Action Objectives 101 5.2 General Response Actions 101 5.3 Identification of Remedial Technologies 102 5.3.1 Remedial Technologies Applicable to All Site Media 102 5.3.2 Remedial Technologies for Soil/Sediment 102 5.3.3 Remedial Technologies for Groundwater/Surface Water 108 5.4 Screening of Technologies 109 5.4.1 Remoteness and Energy Sources 110 5.4.2 Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge 110 6.0 IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES 115 6.1 Alternative 1 – No Action 115 6.2 Alternative 2 – Institutional Controls and Monitored Natural Attenuation 115 September 2012 iii DRAFT FINAL Draft Final Feasibility Study Tanaga and Ogliuga Island FUDS, AK Contract No. W911KB-08-D-0004 AECOM Project No: 60133134 6.3 Alternative 3 – Hot Spot Removal 115 6.4 Alternative 4 – Landfarming 116 6.5 Alternative 5 – Mobile Burn 116 6.6 Alternative 6 – Complete Removal and Off-site Disposal or Treatment 117 6.7 Alternative 7 – In Situ Chemical Oxidation 117 7.0 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REMEDIAL ACTION ALTERNATIVES 123 7.1 Evaluation Criteria 123 7.2 Cost Estimate Methodology 123 7.3 Comparison of Alternatives 123 7.3.1 No Action 123 7.3.2 Monitored Natural Attenuation and Institutional Controls 124 7.3.3 Hot Spot Removal 124 7.3.4 Landfarming 124 7.3.5 Mobile Burn 125 7.3.6 Complete Removal and Off-site Disposal or Treatment 125 7.3.7 In Situ Chemical Oxidation 126 8.0 CONCLUSIONS 131 9.0 REFERENCES 133 APPENDIXES A UVOST Surfer Areas B TOC Calculation C Risk Calculations D Racer WSBs FIGURES 1-1 General Location of Tanaga and Ogliuga FUDS 5 1-2 Tanaga Island FUDS Investigation Areas 6 1-3 Ogliuga Island FUDS Investigation Areas 7 2-1 Tanaga Main Camp Area Features of Interest 31 2-2 Barrel Dump Area Features of Interest 32 2-3 Tanaga Airstrip Area Features of Interest (northern section) 33 2-4 Tanaga Airstrip Area Features of Interest (southern section) 34 2-5 Tanaga Southeast of Airstrip Area Features of Interest 35 2-6 Tanaga North of Airstrip Area Features of Interest 36 2-7 Tanaga North of Airstrip and Small Arms Firing Range Area Features of Interest 37 2-8 Tanaga Tower Area Features of Interest 38 2-9 Tanaga Pumphouse Area Features of Interest 39 2-10 Ogliuga Runway Area Features of Interest 40 2-11 Ogliuga East Area Features of Interest 41 2-12 Ogliuga West Area Features of Interest 42 September 2012 iv DRAFT FINAL Draft Final Feasibility Study Tanaga and Ogliuga Island FUDS, AK Contract No. W911KB-08-D-0004 AECOM Project No: 60133134 6-1 Alternative 4: Potential Landfarming Cell Placement 119 6-2 Potential Mobile Burn Facility Placement 120 TABLES 2-1 Summary Statistics for Soil Sampling for Main Camp 43 2-2 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Sediment Sampling for Main Camp 45 2-3 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Groundwater Sampling for Main Camp 46 2-4 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Surface Water Sampling for Main Camp 47 2-5 Summary Statistics for Soil Sampling for Barrel Dump 47 2-6 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Sediment Sampling for Barrel Dump 50 2-7 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Groundwater Sampling for Barrel Dump 50 2-8 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Surface Water Sampling for Barrel Dump 51 2-9 Summary Statistics for Soil Sampling for Airstrip 52 2-10 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Sediment Sampling for Airstrip 53 2-11 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Surface Water Sampling for Airstrip 54 2-12 Summary Statistics for Soil Sampling for Southeast of Airstrip 54 2-13 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Sediment for Southeast of Airstrip 56 2-14 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Groundwater for Southeast of Airstrip 57 2-15 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Surface Water for Southeast of Airstrip 58 2-16 Summary Statistics for Soil for North of Airstrip 58 2-17 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Sediment for North of Airstrip 60 2-18 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Groundwater for North of Airstrip 60 2-19 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Surface Water for North of Airstrip 61 2-20 Summary Statistics for Soil for Tower 61 2-21 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Sediment for Tower 62 2-22 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Groundwater for Tower 63 2-23 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Surface Water for Tower 63 2-24 Summary Statistics for Soil for Pumphouse 64 2-25 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Sediment for Pumphouse 65 2-26 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Groundwater for Pumphouse 66 2-27 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Surface Water for Pumphouse 67 2-28 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Soil for Landfill 68 2-29 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Sediment for Landfill 68 2-30 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Groundwater for Landfill 69 2-31 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Surface Water for Landfill 70 2-32 Summary Statistics for Soil for 2009 RI Small Arms Firing Range 70 2-33 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Sediment for Small Arms Firing Range 71 September 2012 v DRAFT FINAL Draft Final Feasibility Study Tanaga and Ogliuga Island FUDS, AK Contract No. W911KB-08-D-0004 AECOM Project No: 60133134 2-34 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Surface Water for Small Arms Firing Range 71 2-35 Summary Statistics for Soil for Ogliuga Runway 71 2-36 Summary Statistics for 2009 RI Groundwater for Ogliuga Runway 74 2-37 Summary Statistics for Soil for Ogliuga East 75 2-38 Summary Statistics for Soil for Ogliuga West 77 3-1 Estimated Soil and Sediment Background Threshold Values (BTV) 81 3-2 Summary COCs for Tanaga 83 3-3 Summary COCs for Ogliuga 83 4-1 Preliminary Chemical-Specific ARARs (Tanaga and Ogliuga FUDS) 90 4-2 Preliminary Action-Specific ARARs (Tanaga and Ogliuga FUDS) 90 4-3 Cleanup Levels for Metals and PCBs 90 4-4 TOC and Naturally Occurring Organics in Tanaga and Ogliuga Soils 91 4-5 Comparison of Cleanup Levels from ADEC’s Method Three Calculator for Petroleum Hydrocarbons 93 4-6 Summary of Cancer Risks and Hazard Quotients for Tanaga and Ogliuga 95 4-7 Estimated Volumes of Impacted Soil 95 4-8 Estimated Volumes of Impacted Sediment, Groundwater, and Surface Water 100 5-1 General Response Actions and Remedial Technologies 110 5-2 Screening Evaluation of Remedial Technologies for Soil/Sediment 112 6-1 Alternatives and Total Volumes 121 7-1 Criteria for Detailed Evaluation of Response Action Alternatives 126 7-2 RACER Technologies and Key Assumptions 127 7-3 Comparison of Response Action Alternatives 129 September 2012 vi DRAFT FINAL ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS °C degree Celsius °F degree Fahrenheit µg/L microgram per liter AAC Alaska Administrative Code ADEC Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation AECOM AECOM Technical Services, Inc. AMNWR Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge ANCSA Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act ARAR applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements AST aboveground storage tank BCC-Jacobs JV BC Contractors-Jacobs Joint Venture bgs below ground surface BTEX benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes BTV British Thermal Unit CAA Civil Aeronautics Agency CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 CFR Code of Federal Regulations CL cleanup level COC chemical of concern CON/HTRW containerized, hazardous, toxic, and radioactive waste CWA Clean Water Act CY cubic yard Demo demolition DRO diesel range organics E&E Ecology and Environment, Inc.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Resource Utilization in Atka, Aleutian Islands, Alaska
    RESOURCEUTILIZATION IN ATKA, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA Douglas W. Veltre, Ph.D. and Mary J. Veltre, B.A. Technical Paper Number 88 Prepared for State of Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Contract 83-0496 December 1983 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To the people of Atka, who have shared so much with us over the years, go our sincere thanks for making this report possible. A number of individuals gave generously of their time and knowledge, and the Atx^am Corporation and the Atka Village Council, who assisted us in many ways, deserve particular appreciation. Mr. Moses Dirks, an Aleut language specialist from Atka, kindly helped us with Atkan Aleut terminology and place names, and these contributions are noted throughout this report. Finally, thanks go to Dr. Linda Ellanna, Deputy Director of the Division of Subsistence, for her support for this project, and to her and other individuals who offered valuable comments on an earlier draft of this report. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . e . a . ii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION . e . 1 Purpose ........................ Research objectives .................. Research methods Discussion of rese~r~h*m~t~odoio~y .................... Organization of the report .............. 2 THE NATURAL SETTING . 10 Introduction ........... 10 Location, geog;aih;,' &d*&oio&’ ........... 10 Climate ........................ 16 Flora ......................... 22 Terrestrial fauna ................... 22 Marine fauna ..................... 23 Birds ......................... 31 Conclusions ...................... 32 3 LITERATURE REVIEW AND HISTORY OF RESEARCH ON ATKA . e . 37 Introduction ..................... 37 Netsvetov .............. ......... 37 Jochelson and HrdliEka ................ 38 Bank ....................... 39 Bergslind . 40 Veltre and'Vll;r;! .................................... 41 Taniisif. ....................... 41 Bilingual materials .................. 41 Conclusions ...................... 42 iii 4 OVERVIEW OF ALEUT RESOURCE UTILIZATION . 43 Introduction ............
    [Show full text]
  • Adak Army Base and Adak Naval Operating Base and Or Common Adak Naval Station (Naval Air Station Adak) 2
    N?S Ferm 10-900 OMB Mo. 1024-0018 (342) NHL - WWM, PACIFIC Eip. 10-31-84 Uncled States Department off the Interior National Park Service For NPS UM only National Register off Historic Places received Inventory Nomination Form date entered See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries complete applicable sections ' _______ 1. Name__________________ historic Adak Army Base and Adak Naval Operating Base and or common Adak Naval Station (Naval Air Station Adak) 2. Location street & number not (or publication city, town vicinity of state Alaska code 02 county Aleutian Islands code 010 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use __ district X public __ occupied __ agriculture __ museum building(s) private __ unoccupied commercial park structure both work in progress educational private residence X site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment religious object in process X yes: restricted government __ scientific being considered .. yes: unrestricted industrial transportation __ no ,_X military __ other: 4. Owner off Property name United States Navy street & number Adak Naval Station, U.S. Department of the Navy city, town FPO Seattle vicinity of state Washington 98791 5. Location off Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. United States Navy street & number Adak Naval Station. U.S. Department of the Navy city, town FPO Seattle state Washington 98791 6. Representation in Existing Surveys y title None has this property been determined eligible? yes J^L no date federal _ _ state __ county local depository for survey records city, town state 7. Description Condition Check one Check one __ excellent __ deteriorated __ unaltered _K original site __ good X_ ruins _X altered __ moved date _.__._.
    [Show full text]
  • Aleuts: an Outline of the Ethnic History
    i Aleuts: An Outline of the Ethnic History Roza G. Lyapunova Translated by Richard L. Bland ii As the nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has re- sponsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural and cultural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Shared Beringian Heritage Program at the National Park Service is an international program that rec- ognizes and celebrates the natural resources and cultural heritage shared by the United States and Russia on both sides of the Bering Strait. The program seeks local, national, and international participation in the preservation and understanding of natural resources and protected lands and works to sustain and protect the cultural traditions and subsistence lifestyle of the Native peoples of the Beringia region. Aleuts: An Outline of the Ethnic History Author: Roza G. Lyapunova English translation by Richard L. Bland 2017 ISBN-13: 978-0-9965837-1-8 This book’s publication and translations were funded by the National Park Service, Shared Beringian Heritage Program. The book is provided without charge by the National Park Service. To order additional copies, please contact the Shared Beringian Heritage Program ([email protected]). National Park Service Shared Beringian Heritage Program © The Russian text of Aleuts: An Outline of the Ethnic History by Roza G. Lyapunova (Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo “Nauka” leningradskoe otdelenie, 1987), was translated into English by Richard L.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Mollusks of Attu, Aleutian Islands, Alaska BARRY ROTH’ and DAVID R
    ARCTK: VOL. 34, NO. 1 (MARCH 1981), P. 43-47 Terrestrial Mollusks of Attu, Aleutian Islands, Alaska BARRY ROTH’ and DAVID R. LINDBERG’ ABSTRACT. Seven species of land mollusk (2 slugs, 5 snails) were collected on Attu in July 1979. Three are circumboreal species, two are amphi-arctic (Palearctic and Nearctic but not circumboreal), and two are Nearctic. Barring chance survival of mollusks in local refugia, the fauna was assembled overwater since deglaciation, perhaps within the last 10 OOO years. Mollusk faunas from Kamchatka to southeastern Alaska all have a Holarctic component. A Palearctic component present on Kamchatka and the Commander Islands is absent from the Aleutians, which have a Nearctic component that diminishes westward. This pattern is similar to that of other soil-dwelling invertebrate groups. RESUM& Sept espbces de mollusques terrestres (2 limaces et 5 escargots) furent prklevkes sur I’ile d’Attu en juillet 1979. Trois sont des espbces circomborkales, deux amphi-arctiques (Palkarctiques et Nkarctiques mais non circomborkales), et deux Nkarctiques. Si I’on excepte la survivance de mollusques due auhasard dans des refuges locaux, cette faune s’est retrouvke de part et d’autre des eauxdepuis la dkglaciation, peut-&re depuis les derniers 10 OOO ans. Les faunes de mollusques de la pkninsule de Kamchatkajusqu’au sud-est de 1’Alaska on toutes une composante Holarctique. Une composante Palkarctique prksente sur leKamchatka et les iles Commandeur ne se retrouve pas aux Alkoutiennes, oil la composante Nkarctique diminue vers I’ouest. Ce patron est similaire il celui de d’autres groupes d’invertkbrks terrestres . Traduit par Jean-Guy Brossard, Laboratoire d’ArchCologie de I’Universitk du Qukbec il Montrkal.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Alaskan Notes
    270 GABRIELSON,SomeAlaskan Notes L[Auk April SOME ALASKAN NOTES BY IRA N. GABRIELSON (Concluded[romp. 150) CALn*ORNIAMumu•, Uria aalgecali[ornica (Bryant).--This was prob- ably the mostabundant species observed on the trip. We did not see California Murres until we reachedSeward (June 10) where there was a large colony associatedwith the still more numerousPacific Kittiwakes.The deepwater at the baseof the cliff allowedus to drift the boat closeand in the clear depthswe could see the birds literally flyingunder the water as expertlyas fishes. Often they came to the surface,saw the boat, and instantly dived again. The great coloniesof the Semidisand Kagamil Island were the largest,composed largely or entirely of this species. In the former island group, wheneverwe approachedthe precipitouscliffs dosely enough to see distinctly,we found every available shelf and nook crowdedwith tourres. At Kagamil Island we traveledin the 'Brown Bear' for at least two miles along cliffs similarly occupied,and the water was covered with birds. These were two of the most impressiveof the bird coloniesseen on the trip. On BogoslofIsland an almostequally large concentra- tion of tourrescontained both this speciesand the next. PALLAS'SMumu•, Uria lornvia arra (Pallas).--Thisnorthern species was first found on BogoslofIsland (June 24). At St. GeorgeIsland (July 8) and St. Paul Island (July 4-6) Pallas's Murre was common,while at Walrus Island (July 7) the enormous murre colony was comprisedlargely, if not entirely, of this species. I saw only one bird there that I thought was a California Murre and it movedaway before I couldbe sure. Pallas'sMurre wasabundant also at St.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronology and References of Volcanic Eruptions and Selected Unrest in the United States, 1980- 2008
    Chronology and References of Volcanic Eruptions and Selected Unrest in the United States, 1980- 2008 By Angela K. Diefenbach, Marianne Guffanti, and John W. Ewert Open-File Report 2009–1118 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2009 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested citation Diefenbach, A.K., Guffanti, M., and Ewert, J.W., 2009, Chronology and references of volcanic eruptions and selected unrest in the United States, 1980-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1118, 85 p. [http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1118/]. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. 2 Contents Part I…..............................................................................................................................................4 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • Unalaska Hazard Mitigation Plan 2018
    Unalaska, Alaska Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Update April 2018 Prepared for: City of Unalaska and Qawalangin Tribe of Unalaska City of Unalaska Hazard Mitigation Plan THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY ii City of Unalaska Hazard Mitigation Plan Table of Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Hazard Mitigation Planning ..................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Grant Programs with Mitigation Plan Requirements ............................... 1-1 1.2.1 HMA Unified Programs ............................................................... 1-2 2. Community Description ....................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Location, Geography, and History ........................................................... 2-1 2.2 Demographics .......................................................................................... 2-3 2.3 Economy .................................................................................................. 2-4 3. Planning Process .................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 Planning Process Overview ..................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Hazard Mitigation Planning Team ........................................................... 3-3 3.3 Public Involvement & Opportunities for Interested Parties to participate ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Fl'tjyvi" I RESULTS of a MARINE BIRD &'Ld MAMMAL SURVEY
    -----~- r ¥l~~ S-eJ~;~(:? I fl'tJyVI" i RESULTS OF A MARINE BIRD &'lD MAMMAL SURVEY [ OF THE WESTERN ALEUTIAN ISLANDS SUMMER 1978 ,J l I :"I i Robert H. Day Brian E. Lawhead Tom J. Early Elaine B. Rhode ALEUTIAN ISLANDS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE January 1979 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Author Page List of Figures i List of Tables vi I Introduction 1 II Census Techniques Day 4 III Island Descriptions Rhode 17 IV Island Species Accounts Day 34 V Avian Pre~ators Day 48 VI Marine Mammals Lawhead 54 VII Buldir Island Rhode 77 VIII Auklet Census Day 83 IX Murre Study Plots Lawhead and Day 88 X Beached Animal Surveys Day 115 XI Permanent Plots Day and Early 129 XII Pelagic Transects Early 157 XIII Terrestrial Transects Early 176 XIV Recotmnendations 184 Literature Cited 186 Appendix I Raw Island Transect Data 190 .,. .. :'" ,., ,- II Buldir Permanent Plots Data 200 III Agattu Murre Plot Data 217 IV Agattu Inland Transects Data 234 LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title Page No. 1 Schematic diagram of Least and Crested 11 Auklet activity patterns. 2 Location of the Baby Islands in the 19 Eastern Fox Group. 3 Baby Islands - Physical features. 20 4 Bogoslof Island - Physical features 22 in 1978. 5 The Near Island Group. 23 6 Agattu ,Island - Physica·1 features and 24 potenti~l campsites. 7 Alaid Island - Physical features and 26 potential campsites. 8 Nizki Island - Physical features and 27 potential campsites. 9 The Rat Island Group. 29 10 Bu1dir Island - Physical features and 30 potential campsites. 11 Kiska Island - Physical features and 31 potential campsites.
    [Show full text]
  • USGS Open-File Report 2004-1234
    Catalog of Earthquake Hypocenters at Alaskan Volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2003 By James P. Dixon1, Scott D. Stihler2, John A. Power3, Guy Tytgat2, Seth C. Moran4, John J. Sánchez2, Stephen R. McNutt2, Steve Estes2, and John Paskievitch3 Open-File Report 2004-1234 2004 Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey 1 Alaska Volcano Observatory, U. S. Geological Survey, 903 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 2 Alaska Volcano Observatory, Geophysical Institute, 903 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 3 Alaska Volcano Observatory, U. S. Geological Survey, 4200 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508-4667 4 Cascades Volcano Observatory, U. S. Geological Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Bldg. 10, Vancouver, WA 99508 2 CONTENTS Introduction...................................................................................................3 Instrumentation .............................................................................................5 Data Acquisition and Reduction ...................................................................8 Velocity Models...........................................................................................10 Seismicity.....................................................................................................11 Summary......................................................................................................14 References....................................................................................................15
    [Show full text]
  • THE ALEUTIAN ISLANDS: THEIR PEOPLE and NATURAL HISTORY
    SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WAR BACKGROUND STUDIES NUMBER TWENTY-ONE THE ALEUTIAN ISLANDS: THEIR PEOPLE and NATURAL HISTORY (With Keys for the Identification of the Birds and Plants) By HENRY B. COLLINS, JR. AUSTIN H. CLARK EGBERT H. WALKER (Publication 3775) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION FEBRUARY 5, 1945 BALTIMORE, MB., U„ 8. A. CONTENTS Page The Islands and Their People, by Henry B. Collins, Jr 1 Introduction 1 Description 3 Geology 6 Discovery and early history 7 Ethnic relationships of the Aleuts 17 The Aleutian land-bridge theory 19 Ethnology 20 Animal Life of the Aleutian Islands, by Austin H. Clark 31 General considerations 31 Birds 32 Mammals 48 Fishes 54 Sea invertebrates 58 Land invertebrates 60 Plants of the Aleutian Islands, by Egbert H. Walker 63 Introduction 63 Principal plant associations 64 Plants of special interest or usefulness 68 The marine algae or seaweeds 70 Bibliography 72 Appendix A. List of mammals 75 B. List of birds 77 C. Keys to the birds 81 D. Systematic list of plants 96 E. Keys to the more common plants 110 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES Page 1. Kiska Volcano 1 2. Upper, Aerial view of Unimak Island 4 Lower, Aerial view of Akun Head, Akun Island, Krenitzin group 4 3. Upper, U. S. Navy submarine docking at Dutch Harbor 4 Lower, Village of Unalaska 4 4. Upper, Aerial view of Cathedral Rocks, Unalaska Island 4 Lower, Naval air transport plane photographed against peaks of the Islands of Four Mountains 4 5. Upper, Mountain peaks of Kagamil and Uliaga Islands, Four Mountains group 4 Lower, Mount Cleveland, Chuginadak Island, Four Mountains group ..
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Timeline for Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
    Historical Timeline Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Much of the refuge has been protected as a national wildlife refuge for over a century, and we recognize that refuge lands are the ancestral homelands of Alaska Native people. Development of sophisticated tools and the abundance of coastal and marine wildlife have made it possible for people to thrive here for thousands of years. So many facets of Alaska’s history happened on the lands and waters of the Alaska Maritime Refuge that the Refuge seems like a time-capsule story of the state and the conservation of island wildlife: • Pre 1800s – The first people come to the islands, the Russian voyages of discovery, the beginnings of the fur trade, first rats and fox introduced to islands, Steller sea cow goes extinct. • 1800s – Whaling, America buys Alaska, growth of the fox fur industry, beginnings of the refuge. • 1900 to 1945 – Wildlife Refuge System is born and more land put in the refuge, wildlife protection increases through treaties and legislation, World War II rolls over the refuge, rats and foxes spread to more islands. The Aleutian Islands WWII National Monument designation recognizes some of these significant events and places. • 1945 to the present – Cold War bases built on refuge, nuclear bombs on Amchitka, refuge expands and protections increase, Aleutian goose brought back from near extinction, marine mammals in trouble. Refuge History - Pre - 1800 A World without People Volcanoes push up from the sea. Ocean levels fluctuate. Animals arrive and adapt to dynamic marine conditions as they find niches along the forming continent’s miles of coastline.
    [Show full text]
  • Wade Cetacean Assessment and Ecology Program National Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service
    Killer whales of the Aleutian Islands Paul R. Wade Cetacean Assessment and Ecology Program National Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service With contributions from Kim Parsons, Janice Waite, John Durban, Holly Fearnbach 3 types of killer whales in the North Pacific “Residents” “Transients” “Offshores” Fish-eaters Mammal-eaters Upper-trophic fish such as sharks Variation in gray saddle patch Uniform large gray saddle patch Dorsal fin rounded at tip Dorsal fin falcate Dorsal fin triangular Often multiple nicks in fin P. Wade, NMML/AFSC/NMFS/NOAA Killer whale studies in the Aleutian Islands by NMML 2001-2010 2001-03 Systematic line transect surveys (as far west as Amchitka Pass/Delarof Islands) 2004-05 Focused surveys for transient photo-ID and biopsy for chemical studies Obtained data from a few encounters west of Amchitka Pass during a SPLASH humpback whale survey in 2004 2006 First NMML survey west of Amchitka Pass, surveyed out to Attu Island Added satellite tagging 2008-10 Added acoustic monitoring at Steller sea lion rookeries 2010 Second survey of western-half of the Aleutians P. Wade, NMML/AFSC/NMFS/NOAA P. Wade, NMML/AFSC/NMFS/NOAA >330 Encounters with killer whales 2001-2010 “Resident” type killer whales • >220 encounters • Seen more frequently that transients in the Aleutians • Average group size 19 • Nearly exclusively fish- eaters • Dark pigment intrusions into the saddle patch on some whales in the group are diagnostic to residents or offshores P. Wade, NMML/AFSC/NMFS/NOAA “Transient”-type killer whales in the North Pacific are a species that separated from other killer whales ~700,000 years ago (Morin et al.
    [Show full text]