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Stone Tidal Weirs, Underwater Cultural Heritage Or Not? Akifumi
Stone Tidal Weirs, Underwater Cultural Heritage or Not? Akifumi Iwabuchi Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, 135-8533 Email: [email protected] Abstract The stone tidal weir is a kind of fish trap, made of numerous rocks or reef limestones, which extends along the shoreline on a colossal scale in semicircular, half-quadrilateral, or almost linear shape. At the flood tide these weirs are submerged beneath the sea, while they emerge into full view at the ebb. Using with nets or tridents, fishermen, inside the weirs at low tides, catch fish that fails to escape because of the stone walls. They could be observed in the Pacific or the Yap Islands, in the Indian Ocean or the east African coast, and in the Atlantic or Oleron and Ré Islands. The UNESCO’s 2001 Convention regards this weir as underwater cultural heritage, because it has been partially or totally under water, periodically or continuously, for at least 100 years; stone tidal weirs have been built in France since the 11th century and a historical record notes that one weir in the Ryukyu Islands was built in the 17th century. In Japan every weir is considered not to be buried cultural property or cultural heritage investigated by archaeologists, but to be folk cultural asset studied by anthropologists, according to its domestic law for the protection of cultural properties. Even now in many countries stone tidal weirs are continuously built or restored by locals. Owing to the contemporary trait, it is not easy to preserve them under the name of underwater cultural heritage. -
Small-Scale Fishing
Panelist: Fábio H. V. Hazin, D.Sc. UFRPE/ DEPAq Director UFRPE- Universidade Federal DEPAq- Departamento de Rural de Pernambuco [email protected] Aqüicultura e Pesca TheThe SixthSixth MeetingMeeting ofof thethe UnitedUnited NationsNations OpenOpen--endedended InformalInformal ConsultativeConsultative ProcessProcess onon OceansOceans andand thethe LawLaw ofof thethe SeaSea FISHERIESFISHERIES ANDAND THEIRTHEIR CONTRIBUTIONCONTRIBUTION TOTO SUSTAINABLESUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:DEVELOPMENT: SMALLSMALL--SCALESCALE ANDAND ARTISANALARTISANAL FISHERIESFISHERIES ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED: (Format and annotated provisional agenda: Annex III.A) 1- What actions can be undertaken to improve (understanding of) the contribution of small-scale fisheries to food security and poverty reduction? 2- How can vulnerability in small-scale fishing countries be reduced and the added value of small-scale fishing activities be increased? Definition of artisanal and small-scale fishing: The term “artisanal” refers to the relative level of technology, while “small-scale” refers to the size of the fishing unity (scale) According to FAO’s Glossary: Artisanal, or small-scale fisheries, are traditional fisheries involving fishing households (as opposed to commercial companies), using relatively small amount of capital and energy, relatively small fishing vessels (if any), making short fishing trips, close to shore, and mainly for local consumption. They can be for subsistence or commercial. The Sixth Meeting of the United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on -
'Saiko' Fishing Is Fuelling the Collapse of Ghana's Fisheries
STOLEN AT SEA How illegal ‘saiko’ fishing is fuelling the collapse of Ghana’s fisheries A report produced by the Environmental Justice Foundation and Hen Mpoano Stolen at Sea: How illegal ‘saiko’ fishing is fuelling the collapse of Ghana’s fisheries. 1 Citation: EJF and Hen Mpoano (2019). Stolen at sea. How illegal 'saiko' fishing is fuelling the collapse of Ghana's fisheries. A report by: [email protected] [email protected] +233 33 2139 968 +233 31 2020 701 www.ejfoundation.org www.henmpoano.org 2 Out of the shadows. Improving transparency in global fisheries to stop IUU fishing. Contents Executive summary 4 1. Introduction 8 1.1. Illegal saiko fishing 8 2. Aim of study 9 3. Methods 10 3.1. Data collection 10 3.2. Ethics 10 4. Results 14 4.1. Estimate of saiko landings 14 (a) Elmina 14 (b) Apam 16 (c) Axim 17 (d) Total saiko landings (all landing sites) 17 4.2. Estimate of value of the trade 18 (a) Value of saiko fish traded at sea 18 (b) Value of saiko fish sold at the landing site 18 4.3. Change in the saiko trade over time 18 4.4. Composition of saiko catches 19 4.5. Impacts of saiko 20 (a) Artisanal and semi-industrial fishers 20 (b) Processors and traders 21 (c) Saiko workers 21 5. Discussion 22 5.1. The magnitude of the illegal saiko trade 22 5.2. Inequities in Ghana’s marine fisheries sector 23 5.3. Ecological impacts of the saiko trade 24 5.4. Socioeconomic impacts of saiko 28 6. -
What Are Trap Nets?
WHAT ARE TRAP NETS? HOW TO AVOID TRAP NETS Trap nets are large commercial fishing nets used by n Look for red, orange or black flag markers, buoys licensed commercial fisherman to catch fish in the HOW TO IDENTIFY TRAP NETS and floats marking the nets. Great Lakes. With many components, these stationary Some anglers mark the n Trap nets are generally fished perpendicular to the n Give wide berth when passing trap net buoys nets can pose a potential risk to recreational boaters lead end, anchor end or and flag markers, as nets have many anchor lines and anglers. The following facts will help anglers and shoreline (from shallow to deep water). A flag buoy or both ends with a double float marks the lead end of a trap net (closest to shore) flag. Pennsylvania uses the extending in all directions. boaters recognize and avoid trap nets on the open double flag. water. and the main anchor end (lakeward). n Do not pass or troll between trap net buoys, as n Red, orange or black flags attached to a staff buoy at the propeller blades and/or fishing gear may easily pot must be at least 4 feet above the surface of the water. Flags will be approximately 12 inches snag net lines. HOW DO square and bear the license number of the commercial fishing operation. Be aware! During rough water or heavy currents, these flags can lay down or be obscured by high waves. TRAP NETS IF TANGLED IN A TRAP NET n Floats may also mark the ends of the wings and/or each anchor. -
Pesca Limpia En El Salvador: Examining Management Measures for the Use of Artificial Reefs in the Bay of Jiquilisco
Pesca Limpia en El Salvador: Examining Management Measures for the Use of Artificial Reefs in the Bay of Jiquilisco Kiersten Miller Master of Advanced Studies – Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego June 15th, 2017 1 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 USING ARTIFICIAL REEFS ........................................................................................................................................ 8 THE EFFECTS OF AN ARTIFICIAL REEF .................................................................................................................................. 8 FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ON AN ARTIFICIAL REEF .............................................................................................................. 10 Setting Clear Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Collaboration with Stakeholders ......................................................................................................................... 11 Implementing a Monitoring Program ................................................................................................................ -
Marine Ecology Progress Series 530:195
Vol. 530: 195–211, 2015 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published June 18 doi: 10.3354/meps11352 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Contribution to the Theme Section ‘Economics of marine ecosystem conservation’ FREEREE ACCESSCCESS Destructive fishing and fisheries enforcement in eastern Indonesia M. Bailey1,2,*, U. R. Sumaila1 1Fisheries Economics Research Unit, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada 2Present address: Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada ABSTRACT: A simple bioeconomic leader−follower model was constructed to simulate snapper (family Lutjanidae) and grouper (family Serranidae) fisheries in Raja Ampat, Indonesia, an area of significant coral and fish biodiversity. We developed a leader−follower game, wherein the Regency government as the leader chooses an enforcement model to discourage illegal fishing. Fishers are then given a choice to fish using legal gears, such as handlines, or to fish with illegal gears, e.g. dynamite (for snapper) or cyanide (for grouper). Given prices and costs of legal and illegal fishing, the status quo simulations with no Regency enforcement result in a large amount of illegal catch throughout the 50 yr simulation, which agrees with expert opinion that destructive illegal fishing is occurring in the region. In an attempt to include ecosystem-based management principles into Raja Ampat governance, we introduce an enforcement regime in the form of detecting and punishing illegal fishing. Results suggest that current fishing practices do not account for the disproportionate ecosystem effects of destructive fishing, and that elimination of dynamite fishing may be easier for the government due to the high profitability of the live fish trade connected with cyanide fishing. -
Socio-Economics of Trawl Fisheries in Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea
Socio-economics of trawl fisheries in Sout ISSN 2070-6103 50 FAO FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE PROCEEDINGS FAO FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE PROCEEDINGS 50 50 Socio-economics of trawl fisheries in Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Trawl Fisheries Socio-economics 26-27 October 2015 Da Nang, Vietnam Socio-economics of trawl and Socio-economic Write-shop 25-26 April 2016 fisheries in Southeast Asia and Cha Am, Thailand Socio-economic surveys were carried out in pilot sites in Papua New Guinea (Gulf of Papua Prawn Fishery), Philippines (Samar Sea), Papua New Guinea Thailand (Trat and Chumphon) and Viet Nam (Kien Giang) under the project, Strategies for trawl fisheries bycatch management (REBYC-II CTI), funded by the Global Environment Facility and executed by FAO. In Indonesia, no study was conducted owing to the ban on trawl Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Trawl Fisheries Socio-economics fisheries beginning January 2015. However, a paper based on key 26-27 October 2015 informant interviews was prepared. The socio-economic studies were Da Nang, Viet Nam undertaken to understand the contribution of trawl fisheries to food and security and livelihoods and determine the potential impacts of Socio-economic Write-shop management measures on stakeholder groups. Among the 25-26 April 2016 socio-economic information collected were the following: Cha Am, Thailand demographic structure of owners and crew; fishing practices – boat, gear, season, duration; catch composition, value chain and markets; contribution to livelihoods, food security and nutrition; role of women; heast Asia and Papua New Guinea costs and income from trawling; catch/income sharing arrangements; linkages with other sectors; and perceptions – resources, participation, compliance and the future. -
Accurate Catches and the Sustainability of Coral Reef Fisheries
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Accurate catches and the sustainability of coral reef fisheries Daniel Pauly and Dirk Zeller While there might be differences in details, any definition of Such expansion is a characteristic of industrial fishing, and ‘sustainability’ must include an element that remains similar has led to a number of distant-water fishing nations to over time. For example, this applies to the catches of coral reef deploy vessels operating even in Antarctic waters [3,4 ,5]. fisheries, which cannot be sustainable if exhibiting a strong ascending or descending trend. Thus, despite claims of the Industrial-scale exploitation of coral reef fisheries efficacy of ‘data-less’ management, at least time series of the resources, on the other hand, is quite rare outside of 1 catch of coral reef fisheries must be known for valid inferences muro-ami operations, which however leave only coral on their status to be drawn. By contrasting the official and the rubble in their wake, and therefore do not need to be ‘reconstructed’ coral reef catches of four small island states discussed in the context of sustainability. Thus, the (Fiji and Tonga in the Pacific, and Jamaica and St Kitts & Nevis question that could be posed instead is: how sustainable in the Caribbean), we show, however, that official catch data, are small-scale coral reef fisheries? as made available to and by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) not only strongly A famous biologist-turned-maritime-anthropologist, Bob underestimate catches (from 4 to 17 times for 1950–2010), but Johannes, suggested that coral reef fisheries in the tropical also suggest increasing catch trends in 3 of 4 cases, that is, the Pacific were sustainably managed, without ‘western very opposite of the trend resulting from the bottom-up catch science’ [7], because of the deep traditional knowledge reconstructions. -
Artisanal.Pdf
Marine Policy 108 (2019) 103634 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marpol Defining global artisanal fisheries T Yannick Rousseaua,b,c,*, Reg A. Watsona,b, Julia L. Blancharda,b, Elizabeth A. Fultonc,b a Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Australia b Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, Australia c Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Australia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: While small-scale and artisanal fisheries are undeniably important globally, there is no global consensus onhow Artisanal fisheries to define the sectors, hindering comparative studies and international agreements. We focused on theusageof Small-scale fisheries the words in both the scientific literature and legal documents and show that the confusion stems from amisuse Transdisciplinary of the terms artisanal, small-scale, coastal and subsistence, and is further propagated by language barriers. Definition Accepting the complexity and subtleties of each term, we developed a simple method based on rhetoric and within a transdisciplinary background, which allows the ‘level’ of artisanal fisheries between nations to be parameterised and compared. 1. Introduction in the variety of national legal frameworks and in the scientific litera- ture, complicating comparative studies and international agreements. Small-scale artisanal fisheries are undeniably important and remain Although some have suggested that a strict global definition for central to issues of livelihood, human rights, employment, poverty and artisanal fisheries would be inappropriate [7], previous authors have malnutrition [1]. The sector represents half the world's fishing effort argued that a definition is often required to clarify the scope andap- [2], over one-quarter of the catch in volume [3] and 90% of employ- plication of multilateral agreements, and lack of a clear agreed defini- ment in capture fisheries [4]. -
Use of Diverse Fishing Techniques In
International Journal of Science, Technology & Management www.ijstm.com Volume No 04, Special Issue No. 01, May 2015 ISSN (online): 2394-1537 USE OF DIVERSE FISHING TECHNIQUES IN MID- HIMALAYAN LANDSCAPE OF CENTRAL HIMALAYA, UTTARAKHAND Rakesh Verma Department of Zoology, Government Post Graduate College Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, (India) ABSTRACT Fishes are protein providing main exploitable resources of the aquatic ecosystems. Fishing nets and gears are refers to those devices having different shape and sizes and used in the water body to capture different sizes of fishs. Present study deals with fishing techniques in Uttarakhand where fishing has its good scope. Fishing methods was observed and collected through intensive field survey, structured questionnaire, direct observation, interview methods and direct conversation to the fishermen. Various fishing nets, fish poison and use of explosives were main part of this state fishing methods. Fishing techniques adopted in Uttarakhand were simple, mostly old-fashioned, indigenous and locally manufactured. Paper also focuses on various techniques as well as their independent contribution in state fishing. Gill net, Cast net, Dragged net, Dip net, Hand net, Hanging rope, Trap, Hook, Line and Explosives were mainly used other than that six chemical poisons and thirteen Icthyo-toxic plants were observe which was used by the local fishermen. Explosives and Icthyo-poisons were polluting and damaging aquatic ecosystem by various ways and was one of the main causes of aquatic biodiversity loss. Keywords: Central Himalaya, Fishing Techniques, Fishing Gears, Fishing Nets, Fish Poison, Hill Stream Fishing I. INTRODUCTION The fishes are one of the main exploitable resources of the aquatic ecosystems that provide a major source of protein. -
China's Hidden Fleet in West Africa
CHINA’S HIDDEN FLEET IN WEST AFRICA A spotlight on illegal practices within Ghana’s industrial trawl sector A report produced by the Environmental Justice Foundation China’s hidden fleet in West Africa. 1 OUR MISSION To Protect People and Planet The Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF) EJF believes environmental security is is a UK-based organisation working internationally a human right. to address threats to environmental security and their associated human rights abuses. | Registered charity No. 1088128 | EJF strives to: • Protect the natural environment and the people and EJF, 1 Amwell Street, London, EC1R 1UL, United Kingdom wildlife that depend upon it by linking environmental [email protected] security, human rights and social need www.ejfoundation.org • Create and implement solutions where they are needed most – training local people and This document should be cited as: EJF (2018) communities who are directly affected to investigate, China’s hidden fleet in West Africa: A spotlight on expose and combat environmental degradation and illegal practices within Ghana’s industrial trawl sector. associated human rights abuses • Provide training in the latest video technologies, research and advocacy skills to document both the problems and solutions, working through the media to create public and political platforms for constructive change • Raise international awareness of the issues our partners are working locally to resolve. Oceans Campaign To protect the marine environment, its biodiversity and the livelihoods dependent upon it. EJF’s oceans campaign aims to eradicate illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) or ‘pirate’ fishing. We are working to create full transparency and traceability within seafood supply chains and markets. -
Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
International OPEN ACCESS Journal Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) A Study of Khepla Jal (Cast Net) in the Chalan Beel, Bangladesh Nahid Sultana*,M. Nazrul Islam Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Earth Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh *Correspondence: Nahid Sultana*, ABSTRACT: The present study on fishing technique using Khepla jal (cast net) in the Chalan Beel was conducted for a period of 3 years from July 2011 to June 2014. Net description, operation details and catch composition were studied through field survey in different parts of studied wetland. A total of Fish and Fisheries items (Groups name) were caught in cast name in the study period during the study period it was observed that major carps was the dominants species contributed (43.70%) of total catch (by number basis). The second dominant basis was minor carp contributed (16.30%) of the total catch (by number basis). In weight basis major carp was dominant contributed (26.40%). Catch composition revealed that all types of aquatic organisms are being caught by this net. Benefit-cost ratio of studied fishing net was also calculated. Cast net is a eco-friendly fishing gear. Keywords: Cast net, Chalan Beel, Catch composition, Eco-friendly fishing, Bangladesh, Benefit Cost Ration I. INTRODUCTION The Chalan Beel in Bangladesh lies between 24.23° north latitude and 89.05 to 89.180 east longitude. It is the largestwetland in Bangladesh (Galibet al. 2009a). This water body is at distance of about 50 km, towards southeast from Rajshahi city. The Chalan Beel is a large drainage system.