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Communication Performance Prediction and Link Adaptation Based on a Statistical Radio Channel Model

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Communication Performance Prediction and Link Adaptation Based on a Statistical Radio Channel Model C563etukansi.kesken.fm Page 1 Tuesday, March 8, 2016 10:47 AM C 563 OULU 2016 C 563 UNIVERSITY OF OULU P.O. Box 8000 FI-90014 UNIVERSITY OF OULU FINLAND ACTA UNIVERSITATISUNIVERSITATIS OULUENSISOULUENSIS ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS ACTAACTA TECHNICATECHNICACC Jarkko Huusko Jarkko Huusko Jarkko Professor Esa Hohtola COMMUNICATION University Lecturer Santeri Palviainen PERFORMANCE PREDICTION Postdoctoral research fellow Sanna Taskila AND LINK ADAPTATION BASED ON A STATISTICAL Professor Olli Vuolteenaho RADIO CHANNEL MODEL University Lecturer Veli-Matti Ulvinen Director Sinikka Eskelinen Professor Jari Juga University Lecturer Anu Soikkeli Professor Olli Vuolteenaho UNIVERSITY OF OULU GRADUATE SCHOOL; UNIVERSITY OF OULU, FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING; Publications Editor Kirsti Nurkkala CENTRE FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS; INFOTECH OULU ISBN 978-952-62-1146-6 (Paperback) ISBN 978-952-62-1147-3 (PDF) ISSN 0355-3213 (Print) ISSN 1796-2226 (Online) ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS C Technica 563 JARKKO HUUSKO COMMUNICATION PERFORMANCE PREDICTION AND LINK ADAPTATION BASED ON A STATISTICAL RADIO CHANNEL MODEL Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Training Committee of Technology and Natural Sciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in the OP auditorium (L10), Linnanmaa, on 8 April 2016, at 12 noon UNIVERSITY OF OULU, OULU 2016 Copyright © 2016 Acta Univ. Oul. C 563, 2016 Supervised by Professor Markku Juntti Reviewed by Professor Lars Kildehøj Rasmussen Professor Leszek Szczecinski Opponent Professor Kimmo Kansanen ISBN 978-952-62-1146-6 (Paperback) ISBN 978-952-62-1147-3 (PDF) ISSN 0355-3213 (Printed) ISSN 1796-2226 (Online) Cover Design Raimo Ahonen JUVENES PRINT TAMPERE 2016 Huusko, Jarkko, Communication performance prediction and link adaptation based on a statistical radio channel model. University of Oulu Graduate School; University of Oulu, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering; Centre for Wireless Communications; Infotech Oulu Acta Univ. Oul. C 563, 2016 University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland Abstract This thesis seeks to develop a robust semi-analytical performance prediction method for an advanced iterative receiver that processes spatially multiplexed signals that have propagated through frequency-selective receive correlated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication channels. In a change of perspective, the proposed performance prediction methods are applied at the transmitter, which seeks to attain a target frame error rate (FER) either by adaptive power control or by adaptive modulation and coding (AMC). The performance prediction scheme utilises the statistical properties of the channel – namely noise variance, number of separable propagation paths and the eigenvalues of the receive correlation matrix – to predict the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the output of a frequency domain soft interference cancellation minimum mean square error equaliser. The SINR distribution is used to derive the distribution of the variance of the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) at the output of a soft symbol-to-bit demapper. Mutual information transfer charts establish a bijective relationship between the variance of the LLRs and mutual information. A 3rd Generation Partnership Project compliant turbo code is assumed. Since the decoder operates independently from the channel, its extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts can be simulated in advance. By utilising the approximate LLR variance distribution of the demapped equaliser output, it is possible to evaluate the probability of an intersection between an equaliser chart associated with a random channel realisation and a fixed decoder chart. This probability provides the FER. Since the proposed performance prediction method does not require any instantaneous channel state information, it can be applied at the transmitter side as a robust link adaptation scheme. In adaptive transmission power control, the modulation order and code rate are fixed. By iteratively adjusting transmission power, the transmitter attempts to find an equaliser output LLR variance distribution that reaches a specified target FER. In AMC, transmission power is fixed. The equaliser output's LLR variance distribution is determined by the modulation order, while the decoder chart's position is determined by the code rate. The transmitter iteratively adjusts the code rate and attempts to find a modulation order and code rate pairing that reaches the target FER. For vertically encoded spatially multiplexed systems, the adaptive transmission power control and AMC schemes are complemented by adaptive repeat redundancy and incremental redundancy hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) techniques, respectively. Keywords: EXIT charts, HARQ, link adaptation, MIMO, performance prediction Huusko, Jarkko, Tilastolliseen radiokanavamalliin perustuva tiedonsiirron suorituskyvyn ennustaminen ja lähetyksen mukauttaminen. Oulun yliopiston tutkijakoulu; Oulun yliopisto, Tieto- ja sähkötekniikan tiedekunta; Centre for Wireless Communications; Infotech Oulu Acta Univ. Oul. C 563, 2016 Oulun yliopisto, PL 8000, 90014 Oulun yliopisto Tiivistelmä Työn tavoitteena on kehittää luotettava semianalyyttinen suorituskyvyn ennustusmenetelmä tehokkaalle iteratiiviselle vastaanottimelle, joka käsittelee taajuusselektiivisen, vastaanotinpääs- sä tilakorreloituneen moniantennikanavan (multiple-input multiple-output [MIMO] channel) kautta kulkeneita tilakanavoituja signaaleja. Toisessa vaiheessa esitettyjä ennustusmenetelmiä hyödynnetään mukauttamalla lähetystehoa tai modulaatioastetta ja koodisuhdetta (adaptive modulation and coding [AMC]), samalla säilyttäen tavoitteeksi asetetun kehysvirhesuhteen (fra- me error rate [FER]). Suorituskyvyn ennustusmenetelmä hyödyntää kanavan tilastollisia ominaisuuksia – kohinan varianssia, eroteltavien etenemispolkujen lukumäärää sekä vastaanottimen korrelaatiomatriisin ominaisarvoja – ennustaakseen signaali–kohina-plus-interferenssisuhteen (signal-to-interferen- ce-plus-noise ratio [SINR]) jakauman taajuustasossa toimivan, häiriötä poistavan pienimmän keskineliösumman kanavakorjaimen lähdössä. SINR-jakaumasta johdetaan pehmän symboleista biteiksi -muunnoksen jälkeisten logaritmisten bittitodennäköisyyksien suhdelukujen (log-likeli- hood ratio [LLR]) jakauma. Keskinäisinformaation siirroskartat perustuvat LLR:ien varianssin sekä keskinäisinformaation väliseen bijektiivisyyteen. Informaatio on kanavakoodattu 3rd Gene- ration Partnership Project -standardin mukaisella turbokoodilla. Turbodekooderin toiminta on kanavasta riippumatonta, joten dekooderin lisäinformaation siirroskartat (extrinsic information transfer [EXIT] charts) voidaan simuloida itsenäisesti. Hyödyntämällä kanavakorjaimen lähdön pehmeiden bittipäätösten LLR:ien varianssin jakaumaa, on mahdollista arvioida millä todennä- köisyydellä korjaimen satunnaisen kanavarealisaation siirroskartta leikkaa dekooderin siirroskar- tan. Tämä todennäköisyys voidaan tulkita kehysvirhesuhteeksi. Koska suorituskyvyn ennustusmenetelmä ei vaadi hetkellistä tietoa kanavan tilasta, sitä voi- daan hyödyntää lähetyksen mukautuksessa. Mukautuvassa tehonsäädössä modulaatio ja koo- disuhde eivät muutu. Lähetin pyrkii iteratiivisella tehonsäädöllä löytämään korjaimen lähdölle LLR-jakauman, joka tuottaa halutun kehysvirhesuhteen. Mukautuvassa modulaation ja koo- disuhteen valinnassa lähetysteho säilyy vakiona. Modulaatioaste vaikuttaa korjaimen lähdön LLR-jakaumaan ja koodisuhde dekooderin siirroskartan muotoon. Iteratiivisesti koodisuhdetta säätämällä lähetin pyrkii löytämään modulaation ja koodisuhteen yhdistelmän, joka saavuttaa tavoitellun kehysvirhesuhteen. Vertikaalisesti tilakanavoiduissa järjestelmissä mukautuvaa tehonsäätöä täydennetään lähetystehoa mukauttavilla uudellenlähetyksillä, kun taas mukautuvaa modulaation ja koodisuhteen valintaa täydennetään puolestaan koodisuhdetta pienentävillä auto- mattisilla uudelleenlähetyspyynnöillä (hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]). Asiasanat: EXIT-kartat, HARQ, lähetyksen mukauttaminen, MIMO, suorituskyvyn ennustaminen Preface The research for this work was carried out at the Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland. I want to thank Professor Matti Latva-aho, Dr. Ari Pouttu and Dr. Harri Posti, who served as the directors of CWC during my stay, as well as Professor Jari Iinatti, who headed the Department of Communications Engineering. I am grateful to my supervisor, Professor Markku Juntti, whose wide-ranging technical expertise, guidance and support have been invaluable. Professor Lars Kildehøj Rasmussen from Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Stockholm, Sweden, and Professor Leszek Szczecinski from Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada, the reviewers of this thesis, provided insightful comments that helped improve the quality of the manuscript. The bulk of the work was carried under the MIMO Techniques for 3G System and Standard Evolution (MITSE) and Cooperative MIMO Techniques for Cellular System Evolution (CoMIT) projects, both of which were managed by Lic. Tech. Visa Tapio. The funding provided by Suomen Akatemia and the project partners of MITSE and CoMIT, namely the Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation (Tekes), Nokia, Elektrobit (renamed to Bittium), Xilinx, Texas Instruments, Uninord, Renesas Mobile and Broadcom is gratefully acknowledged. I also wish to thank my former colleagues
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