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Journal of the Conductors' Guild Volume 14 Number 2 Summer/Fall1993 Journal of the Conductors' Guild Table of Contents COMMENTARY 65 THE LEDGER AND THE SCORE: ADMINISTRATTVE AND ARTISTIC CONFLICT 66 AT THE ROYAL PHILHARMONIC SOCIETY OF LONDON, 7916- 1918 by Jack Kamerman AN INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORIES OF HEINRICH SCHENKER (PART D 77 by Peter Gibeau FRITZ REINER AND THE TECHNIQUE OF CONDUCTING 91 by Kenneth Morgan SELECTED CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN ORCHESTRAL COMPOSITIONS: 101 A CONDUCTOR'S GUIDE (PART ID by JamesS. Ball GUSTAV MAHLER'S RUCIKERTLIEDER AND THE ART OF ERROR IN 1,07 INTERPRETATION by StephenA. Gottlieb TO\TARDS A COMPOSER.FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT It6 by Victoria Bond SCORESAND PARTS: Igor Stravinsky,Firebird Suite (1945 version) 722 by David Daniels BOOKS IN REVIE\T 127 \(iilliam H. Halverson, ed., Edoard Grieg Today:A syrnposiurn reviewed by John Jay Hilfiger Frank J. Cipolla and Donald Hunsberger, eds.,Tbe \I(/indEnsemble and its Repertoire reviewed by Harlan D. Parker LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 130 CONDUCTORS' GUILD, TNC. lournal of tbe Conductors'Guild 103 South High Street,Room 6 Editor JacquesVoois 'West Chester, PA 19382-3262 Tel & Fax: 610/430-6010 AssociateEditor DavidDaniels e-mail address,[email protected] Band/\trindEnsembleEditor HarlanD.Parker Officers Editor-at-large . Jonathan Sternberg President Adrian Gnam President-Elect .....BarbaraSchubert Assistant Editors Vice President ......\WesKenney Secretary Charles Bontrager StephenHeyde JohnJaY Hilfiger Treasurer Thomas Anderson Louis Menchaca Jon Mitchell PastPresident ....... Larry Newland JohnNoble Moye John Strickler Board of Directors Contributing Authors Manuel I'lvarez Henry Bloch JamesS. Ball Victoria Bond Victoria Bond Mark Ettinger David Daniels Peter Gibeau A. Gottlieb Hilfiger JoAnn Falletta Lauren Green Stephen John Jay Kamerman Kenneth Morgan JosephHenry Donald R. Hunsberger Jack D. Parker Gerard Schwarz IsaiahJackson Kenneth Kiesler Harlan Simkin John Koshak Tania Le6n Benjamin Frederick Peter Morden Harlan D. Parker Brian Priestman Madeline Schatz staff JamesSetapen Kirk E. Smith Production Jonathan Sternberg Leslie Stewart Voois Paul Vermel JacquesVoois Executive Secretary J,rdyA. Tsung Yeh Burton Zipser Clerical Assistant Kerry C. Breslin Production Linco PrintingCo., Inc. Advisory Council The publication date of the present issue of the CharlesAnsbacher Michael Charry JounNer oF THECoNoucrons' Gutto is Spring, 1995; SergiuComissiona Harold Farberman consequentlythe publication date and tbe issuedate do Lukas Foss SamuelJones not coincide. Daniel Lewis Maurice Peress DonaldPortnoy Gunther Schuller Effective Volume 13, theJounNer oF THECoNouc- Evan\(hallon ToRS' GuIro bas beenpublished semi'annually, tbe tan issuesbeing nun-tbered1 and 2; the seasonalreferences remain unchanged, as is the journal's length. 'Vinners Theodore Thomas Award The JCG's editors and stffi in eaaluating materinl acceptedfor publication, atill determine appropriate Maurice Abravanel Leon Barzin credit for such contributions. Leonard Bernstein Frederick Fennell Margaret Hillis Max Rudolf Library of CongressNo. B2'644733 @ Robert Shaw Sir Georg Solti Copyright 1995 by the Conductors' Guild, Inc. All rights reseraed. ISSN# 0734-1032 Commentary It is gratifyingto notethat the reputationof theJCG Mahler's RilckertLieder. A word of advice. To derive is spreadingbeyond the membershipof the Guild. This genuinevalue and insights,this essaymust be experi- welcomedevelopment is exemplifiedbythe diverseback- enced- perhapson a lazy summer afternoon,armed groundsof the contributorsin the presentissue. with appropriatescores, recordings and libation. Fully Althougha Guild member,Jack Kamerman is a so- reahzed,such an outingpromises a feastfor the imagi- ciologistwith an overridinginterest in the structuresand nation. dynamicsof music organizations.His first articlein the KennethMorgan, Principal Lecturer in Historyand "The JCG, OrganizationalContainment of Conductors' Headof EuropeanCulture at Brunel[Jniversity College, Authority:Artistic and Financial Goals at theNew York Twickenham,Middlesex, England, provides a fascinat- Philharmonic,1922-1936" (Vol. 9, Nos. 3 & 4, Sum- ing - and sometimesintimidating - documentaryon mer/Fall,1988), explored the inherent limitations on con- FritzReiner'steaching methods at Philadelphia'sCurtis ductorauthority within the structureof a major Ameri- Institute,a tenurethat occurredduring the GreatDepres- canorchestra of thatera. His currentessay examines the sion. For thosereaders who teachthe conductingcraft, impacton theRoyal Philharmonic Society of Londonof Dr. Morganfurnishes a wealthof detail in the areasof SirThomas Beecham's brief but uniquetenure as music Reiner'steaching procedures and philosophies.Some director.Probably the reader's initial reaction to thesce- pedagoguesmight recoil at one or anotherof Reiner's narioof a wealthyconductor underwriting a financially methods,but few will deny that the resultswere virtu- 'teaser' troubledorchestra would be oneof admiration,perhaps ally peerless.The article also serves as a for Dr. evenenvy or outrightjealousy. Of minimalconsider- Morgan'sbiography of Reiner,currently in progress. ationwould be a concernfor the problemsthat suchan JamesBall's serieson contemporaryAmerican or- arrangementmight engender.After all, all orchestral chestralcompositions continues with an analysisand problemscan be solved with sufficientoperating re- evaluationof David Del Tredici's 1990 work, Stepsfor sources,can they not? Orchestra.The current installmentof her conductor/ Uponreading Peter Gibeau's review of the first En- composerinterview series finds Victoria Bond's micro- glish translationof Heinrich Schenker'sBeethoven's phonein front of GerardSchwarz, music director of the lVinthSymphony (Vol. 14,No. I, Winter/Spring,l9g3), SeattleSymphony (WA). David Daniels' erratalist for the editorinvited Dr. Gibeauto producean articlethat and defenseof the 1945version of Stravinsky'sFire- would introduceSchenkerian analysis to allJCG read- bird Suite,together with two timely bookreviews, com- erswho havehad no previousexperience in or exposure pletethe issue. to this importantsubject area. PartI of the resultinges- It is a pleasureto reportthat the growth of theJCG's sayappears in thepresent issue and is oneoftwo current volunteerstaff has had a noticeableimpact on the qual- articlesthat will requirestudy, notjust reading. [Jnques- ity and professionalismof recentissues. As with most tionably,the benefit that accruesfrom a proficiency in volunteerefforts, these behind-the-scenes operattves re- Schenkeriananalysis is wellworth the investment of time ceivebut a fractionof the recognitionand appreciation andenergy needed to achievesaid proficiency. A world theytruly deserve. of musicalinsights and revelations await the diligent and Nevertheless,despite this progress,the JCG is still dedicatedSchenker analyst. seekinga greaterdiversit), of editorsand contributors so Thesecond article requiring study, if not metaphysi- thatall of thedisciplines that fall underthe general head- 'conducted cal outreach,is the work by StephenGottlieb. Dr. ing of ensembles'will be served.Specific Gofflieb,professor and chair of E,nglishat Quinnipiac informationon areasof expertiseneeding author and Collegein Hamden,,Connecticut, is himselfsenior edi- editorvolunteers can be foundon page13 l. Pleasecon- tor of lsszesin Integrative Studies;An Interdisciplinctry sideroffering your time andexpertise to this project.The Journal. A giftedwriter, he lendshis considerableeru- .ICG is a splendidforum in which to shareone's profes- dition in the humanitiesto this explorationof the mul- sionaland life experienceswith conductor tiple realmsof poeticand musical imagery contained in colleaguesaround the world. Editor G JCG Vol. 14, No. 2 65 The Ledger and the Score: Administrative and Artistic Conflict at the Royal Philharmonic Society of London, 1916-1918 by Jack Kamerman Thefollowing article is based on a paper pre- otganrzationsbecause a conductor needs an or- sentedat the 1990 Conferenceon Social Theory, chestrato work, and financing an orchestrais be- Politics,and theArts, GradwateCenter, C.U.N.Y., yond the meansof an individual conductor(in much New York, NY, October12, 1990" the same way that financing a hospital is beyond the meansof an individual physician). At present ,F*rFrfrfrfrfrf conductorsmust rely on symphonyboards to pro- vide work; increasingly,physicians must rely on A themein the study of both performing artists the hospitalsthey are attachedto, becausein their andprofessionals who work in organizationsis the case,the equipmentand facilities necessaryto prac- extent to which organrzationalimperatives (most tice are beyond their means (Zola and Miller, prominentlyeconomic considerations) influence the 1973:1 59). characterand quality of the artistic or professional To study conductorscaught in the web of their 'product.'l organrzationsrequires a focus on two interrelated In studyingthe successionof conductorsat the dimensions:the balancebetween charismatic and PhiladeiphiaOrchestra, Edward Arian concluded legallrational authority over their orchestras(in that bureaucratrzationmeant the demise of charis- more generalterms, the extent of the control over matic authority, the alienation of orchestramem- their work) and the balance between artistic and bers,the absenceof serviceto the community,and, financial goals within the organizations that em- "the in general, precedenceof economicconsider- ploy them. ations . over its [the orchestra's]responsibility The caseexamined in this
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