Pachycephalosaurus
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MEET the DINOSAURS! WHAT’S in a NAME? a LOT If You Are a Dinosaur!
MEET THE DINOSAURS! WHAT’S IN A NAME? A LOT if you are a dinosaur! I will call you Dyoplosaurus! Most dinosaurs get their names from the ancient Greek and Latin languages. And I will call you Mojoceratops! And sometimes they are named after a defining feature on their body. Their names are made up of word parts that describe the dinosaur. The name must be sent to a special group of people called the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to be approved! Did You The word DINOSAUR comes from the Greek word meaning terrible lizard and was first said by Know? Sir Richard Owen in 1841. © 2013 Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo & Aquarium® | 3 SEE IF YOU CAN FIND OUT THE MEANING OF SOME OF OUR DINOSAUR’S NAMES. Dinosaur names are not just tough to pronounce, they often have meaning. Dinosaur Name MEANING of Dinosaur Name Carnotaurus (KAR-no-TORE-us) Means “flesh-eating bull” Spinosaurus (SPY-nuh-SORE-us) Dyoplosaurus (die-o-pluh-SOR-us) Amargasaurus (ah-MAR-guh-SORE-us) Omeisaurus (Oh-MY-ee-SORE-us) Pachycephalosaurus (pak-ee-SEF-uh-low-SORE-us) Tuojiangosaurus (toh-HWANG-uh-SORE-us) Yangchuanosaurus (Yang-chew-ON-uh-SORE-us) Quetzalcoatlus (KWET-zal-coe-AT-lus) Ouranosaurus (ooh-RAN-uh-SORE-us) Parasaurolophus (PAIR-uh-so-ROL-uh-PHUS) Kosmoceratops (KOZ-mo-SARA-tops) Mojoceratops (moe-joe-SEH-rah-tops) Triceratops (try-SER-uh-TOPS) Tyrannosaurus rex (tuh-RAN-uh-SORE-us) Find the answers by visiting the Resource Library at Carnotaurus A: www.OmahaZoo.com/Education. Search word: Dinosaurs 4 | © 2013 Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo & Aquarium® DINO DEFENSE All animals in the wild have to protect themselves. -
Offer Your Guests a Visually Stunning and Interactive Experience They Won’T Find Anywhere Else World of Animals
Creative Arts & Attractions Offer Your Guests a Visually Stunning and Interactive Experience They Won’t Find Anywhere Else World of Animals Entertain guests with giant illuminated, eye-catching displays of animals from around the world. Animal displays are made in the ancient Eastern tradition of lantern-making with 3-D metal frames, fiberglass, and acrylic materials. Unique and captivating displays will provide families and friends with a lifetime of memories. Animatronic Dinosaurs Fascinate patrons with an impressive visual spectacle in our exhibitions. Featured with lifelike appearances, vivid movements and roaring sounds. From the very small to the gigantic dinosaurs, we have them all. Everything needed for a realistic and immersive experience for your patrons. Providing interactive options for your event including riding dinosaurs and dinosaur inflatable slides. Enhancing your merchandise stores with dinosaur balloons and toys. Animatronic Dinosaur Options Abelisaurus Maiasaura Acrocanthosaurus Megalosaurus Agilisaurus Olorotitan arharensis Albertosaurus Ornithomimus Allosaurus Ouranosaurus nigeriensis Ankylosaurus Oviraptor philoceratops Apatosaurus Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis Archaeopteryx Parasaurolophus Baryonyx Plateosaurus Brachiosaurus Protoceratops andrewsi Carcharodontosaurus Pterosauria Carnotaurus Pteranodon longiceps Ceratosaurus Raptorex Coelophysis Rugops Compsognathus Spinosaurus Deinonychus Staurikosaurus pricei Dilophosaurus Stegoceras Diplodocus Stegosaurus Edmontosaurus Styracosaurus Eoraptor Lunensis Suchomimus -
At Carowinds
at Carowinds EDUCATOR’S GUIDE CLASSROOM LESSON PLANS & FIELD TRIP ACTIVITIES Table of Contents at Carowinds Introduction The Field Trip ................................... 2 The Educator’s Guide ....................... 3 Field Trip Activity .................................. 4 Lesson Plans Lesson 1: Form and Function ........... 6 Lesson 2: Dinosaur Detectives ....... 10 Lesson 3: Mesozoic Math .............. 14 Lesson 4: Fossil Stories.................. 22 Games & Puzzles Crossword Puzzles ......................... 29 Logic Puzzles ................................. 32 Word Searches ............................... 37 Answer Keys ...................................... 39 Additional Resources © 2012 Dinosaurs Unearthed Recommended Reading ................. 44 All rights reserved. Except for educational fair use, no portion of this guide may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any Dinosaur Data ................................ 45 means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other without Discovering Dinosaurs .................... 52 explicit prior permission from Dinosaurs Unearthed. Multiple copies may only be made by or for the teacher for class use. Glossary .............................................. 54 Content co-created by TurnKey Education, Inc. and Dinosaurs Unearthed, 2012 Standards www.turnkeyeducation.net www.dinosaursunearthed.com Curriculum Standards .................... 59 Introduction The Field Trip From the time of the first exhibition unveiled in 1854 at the Crystal -
Rule Booklet
Dig for fossils, build skeletons, and attract the most visitors to your museum! TM SCAN FOR VIDEO RULES AND MORE! FOSSILCANYON.COM Dinosaurs of North America edimentary rock formations of western North America are famous for the fossilized remains of dinosaurs The rules are simple enough for young players, but and other animals from the Triassic, Jurassic, and serious players can benefit Cretaceous periods of the Mesozoic Era. Your objective from keeping track of the cards that is to dig up fossils, build complete skeletons, and display have appeared, reasoning about them in your museum to attract as many visitors as possible. probabilities and expected returns, and choosing between aggressive Watch your museum’s popularity grow using jigsaw-puzzle and conservative plays. scoring that turns the competition into a race! GAME CONTENTS TM 200,000300,000 160,000 VISITORS VISITORS PER YEAR 140,000 VISITORS PER YEAR 180,000 VISITORS PER YEAR 400,000 VISITORS PER YEAR Dig for fossils, build skeletons, and 340,000 VISITORS PER YEAR RD COLOR ELETONS CA GENUS PERIODDIET SK FOSSIL VISITORSPARTS 360,000 VISITORS PER YEAR PER YEAR attract the most visitors to your museum! VISITORS PER YEAR PER YEAR Tyrannosaurus K C 1 4 500,000 Brachiosaurus J H 1 3 400,000 ON YOUR TURN: TM SCAN FOR VIDEO Triceratops K H 1 3 380,000 RULES AND MORE! Allosaurus J C 2 Dig3 a first360,000 card. If it is a fossil, keep it hidden. FOSSILCANYON.COM Ankylosaurus K H 2 If it3 is an340,000 action card, perform the action. -
Histology and Ontogeny of Pachyrhinosaurus Nasal Bosses By
Histology and Ontogeny of Pachyrhinosaurus Nasal Bosses by Elizabeth Kruk A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Systematics and Evolution Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta © Elizabeth Kruk, 2015 Abstract Pachyrhinosaurus is a peculiar ceratopsian known only from Upper Cretaceous strata of Alberta and the North Slope of Alaska. The genus consists of three described species Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis, Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai, and Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum that are distinguishable by cranial characteristics, including parietal horn shape and orientation, absence/presence of a rostral comb, median parietal bar horns, and profile of the nasal boss. A fourth species of Pachyrhinosaurus is described herein and placed into its phylogenetic context within Centrosaurinae. This new species forms a polytomy at the crown with Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis and Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum, with Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai falling basal to that polytomy. The diagnostic features of this new species are an apomorphic, laterally curved Process 3 horns and a thick longitudinal ridge separating the supraorbital bosses. Another focus is investigating the ontogeny of Pachyrhinosaurus nasal bosses in a histological context. Previously, little work has been done on cranial histology in ceratopsians, focusing instead on potential integumentary structures, the parietals of Triceratops, and how surface texture relates to underlying histological structures. An ontogenetic series is established for the nasal bosses of Pachyrhinosaurus at both relative (subadult versus adult) and fine scale (Stages 1-5). It was demonstrated that histology alone can indicate relative ontogenetic level, but not stages of a finer scale. Through Pachyrhinosaurus ontogeny the nasal boss undergoes increased vascularity and secondary remodeling with a reduction in osteocyte lacunar density. -
The Dinosaur Name Game
The Name Game Activity for Grades 5–8 Introduction the board (photograph, telephoto, photosynthesis, Dinosaur names are often made up of combinations terrain, territory). Tell them that dinosaur names of Greek and Latin root words that describe charac- also use Greek and Latin root words and that teristics or how the animal might have behaved. understanding the root words will tell them a bit Dinosaur names might also indicate where the fossil about the dinosaur itself. remains were discovered, or even the name of the 2. Distribute The Name Game. Write Velociraptor on paleontologist who made the discovery. In 1841, the board. Have students find the meaning of Richard Owen, the first director of London’s Natural Velociraptor (Velo/speed, raptor/robber). Discuss History Museum, gave the name “dinosaurs” to what they know of Velociraptor and whether they these giant prehistory reptiles. The word dinosaur is think the name fits. from the Greek deinos (terrible) and sauros (lizard). 3. Have students figure out the meaning of the Objective dinosaur names on The Name Game sheet. In this activity, students will use their knowledge of Discuss with them what they can tell you about Greek and Latin root words to decipher dinosaur each dinosaur based on its name. names. They will create their own dinosaur, name it, 4. Have students work with partners to create a and describe how it raised its young, and how it realistic dinosaur of their own. Remind students behaved. to use what they have learned from the activities they have done in this unit in designing their Materials dinosaur. -
A Battering Ram?
A Battering Ram? All evidence suggests that Pachycephalosaur skulls were built to withstand extreme forces 9 inches of solid bone Bone organized in a radial arrangement- structural support Articulation btw back of skull and vertebrae oriented to transfer forces linearly Articulation btw back of skull and vertebral column built to withstand sideways forces Vertebral column has tongue and groove articulations Spinal column is an S-shaped shock absorber BUT There is no ‘locking’ mechanism on skull to keep battering heads aligned Some Pachycephalosaurs have imprinted blood vessels on dome These factors suggests that head- butting may not be likely Intraspecies Competition (typically male-male) Females are typically choosey Why? Because they have more to loose Common rule in biology: Females are expensive to lose, males are cheap (e.g. deer hunting) Females choose the male most likely to provide the most successful offspring Males compete with each other for access to female vs. female chooses the strongest male Choosey females // Strong males have more offspring => SEXUAL selection Many ways to do this... But: In general, maximize competition and minimize accidental deaths (= no fitness) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PontCXFgs0M http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1941236/giraffe_fight/ http://www.youtube.com/watch? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYDx1y38vGw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULRtdk-3Yh4 Air-filled horn cores vs. solid bone skull caps... Gotta have a cheezy animated slide. Homalocephale Pachycephalosaurus Prenocephale Tylocephale Stegoceras Head butting Pachycephalosaurs Bone structure was probably strong enough to withstand collision Convex nature would favor glancing blows Instead, dome and spines seem better suited for “flank butting” So.. -
A New Maastrichtian Species of the Centrosaurine Ceratopsid Pachyrhinosaurus from the North Slope of Alaska
A new Maastrichtian species of the centrosaurine ceratopsid Pachyrhinosaurus from the North Slope of Alaska ANTHONY R. FIORILLO and RONALD S. TYKOSKI Fiorillo, A.R. and Tykoski, R.S. 2012. A new Maastrichtian species of the centrosaurine ceratopsid Pachyrhinosaurus from the North Slope of Alaska. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57 (3): 561–573. The Cretaceous rocks of the Prince Creek Formation contain the richest record of polar dinosaurs found anywhere in the world. Here we describe a new species of horned dinosaur, Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum that exhibits an apomorphic character in the frill, as well as a unique combination of other characters. Phylogenetic analysis of 16 taxa of ceratopsians failed to resolve relationships between P. perotorum and other Pachyrhinosaurus species (P. canadensis and P. lakustai). P. perotorum shares characters with each of the previously known species that are not present in the other, including very large nasal and supraorbital bosses that are nearly in contact and separated only by a narrow groove as in P. canadensis, and a rostral comb formed by the nasals and premaxillae as in P. lakustai. P. perotorum is the youngest centrosaurine known (70–69 Ma), and the locality that produced the taxon, the Kikak−Tegoseak Quarry, is close to the highest latitude for recovery of ceratopsid remains. Key words: Dinosauria, Centrosaurinae, Cretaceous, Prince Creek Formation, Kikak−Tegoseak Quarry, Arctic. Anthony R. Fiorillo [[email protected]] and Ronald S. Tykoski [[email protected]], Perot Museum of Nature and Science, 2201 N. Field Street, Dallas, TX 75202, USA. Received 4 April 2011, accepted 23 July 2011, available online 26 August 2011. -
Dinosaur Morphological Diversity and the End-Cretaceous Extinction
ARTICLE Received 24 Feb 2012 | Accepted 30 Mar 2012 | Published 1 May 2012 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1815 Dinosaur morphological diversity and the end-Cretaceous extinction Stephen L. Brusatte1,2, Richard J. Butler3,4, Albert Prieto-Márquez4 & Mark A. Norell1 The extinction of non-avian dinosaurs 65 million years ago is a perpetual topic of fascination, and lasting debate has focused on whether dinosaur biodiversity was in decline before end- Cretaceous volcanism and bolide impact. Here we calculate the morphological disparity (anatomical variability) exhibited by seven major dinosaur subgroups during the latest Cretaceous, at both global and regional scales. Our results demonstrate both geographic and clade-specific heterogeneity. Large-bodied bulk-feeding herbivores (ceratopsids and hadrosauroids) and some North American taxa declined in disparity during the final two stages of the Cretaceous, whereas carnivorous dinosaurs, mid-sized herbivores, and some Asian taxa did not. Late Cretaceous dinosaur evolution, therefore, was complex: there was no universal biodiversity trend and the intensively studied North American record may reveal primarily local patterns. At least some dinosaur groups, however, did endure long-term declines in morphological variability before their extinction. 1 Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024 USA. 2 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025 USA. 3 GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard- Wagner-Straße 10, Munich D-80333, Germany. 4 Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, Munich D- 80333, Germany. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to S.L.B. -
Dinosaur Practice Problem: Hints and an Example Tree
Dinosaur Practice Problem: Hints and an Example Tree If you are having difficulty with the dinosaur that in Step #7 of the dinosaur problem, we are only practice problem, read through these pages, asking you to evaluate 5 of the 15 possible trees especially the example tree we filled out. which describe the relationship between these dinosaurs. This example tree is merely a sixth tree Step #5: Determine which character states are from the 15 possible: ancestral and which are derived using outgroup Pachycephalosaurus Stegosaurus Parasaurolophus Triceratops data. Ancestral Derived 1. armored plates: no yes 2. predentary 3. pubis ext. post. 4. rostral 5. skull shelf 6. symphysis 7. enamel To fill out the table in Step #5, look at the data in Step #4: if the character state for Allosaurus, the outgroup, is “no,” then that state is ancestral (and To begin placing hash marks on the tree, start with “yes” is derived). Remember that this is by one character and look at the pattern in Step #6. definition: we chose Allosaurus as the outgroup For example, character 1 is ancestral for because we know that it has relatively ancestral Pachycephalosaurus, Parasaurolophus, and character states in comparison with these other Triceratops, but derived for Stegosaurus. This dinosaurs. Basically, we are using Allosaurus as a tool means you will need to place a hash mark such that in this step. only Stegosaurus is derived. The hash mark represents an evolutionary change from the ancestral Step #6: Fill out character matrix. to the derived state (i.e. this is where armored plates arose, for character 1). -
Triceratops Dinosaur
TRICERATOPS DINOSAUR This is a rare opportunity to acquire a classic iconic North American Triceratops skeleton complete with all necessary documentation and a skull to rival the largest found in most museums. This specimen is in remarkable condition and the upmost effort has been taken to preserve the scientific integrity of the specimen; preparation methodology, GPS coordinates, bone map, and other relevant data are available. The specimen is astonishing in its display and loomed over astounded onlookers while it was on display at The North American Museum of Ancient Life in Lehi, Utah. A VIRTUALLY COMPLETE AND IMPORTANT TRICERATOPS SKELETON Triceratops horridus Hell Creek formation, Harding County, South Dakota The History of Triceratops When the first partial Triceratops skull (consisting of two brow horns attached to part of the skull) was discovered outside of Denver in 1887, famed paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh thought it was an unusual bison from the Pliocene and called it Bison alticornis. It took two more skull finds before realizing it was a horned dinosaur; he gave it the name Triceratops, meaning “three-horned face”. Triceratops were a three-horned herbivorous dinosaur that lived during the late Maastrichtian; the last stage of the Cretaceous period, about 68 to 65 million years ago. Triceratops is often said to be analogous to a modern rhinoceros; having a four-legged tankard body with a defensive head. Triceratops’s remains have only been found in the Western States of North America and are one of the last dinosaurs to appear before the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction which killed off all dinosaurs 65 million years ago. -
Teacher Guide
7 Dec 2018 - 5 May 2019 Teacher Guide Public Programs and Learning Contents Introduction 1 Exhibition Teacher Guide Overview 2 Relevant background information about dinosaurs 2 Dinosaurs featured in the exhibition 3 Organisation of this teacher guide 4 Throughlines 5 Before the Exhibition 6 Pre-exhibition learning activities 6 At the Exhibition 10 Exhibition learning activities 10 After the Exhibition 11 Post-exhibition learning activities 11 Resources for Inquiry 12 Acknowledgements TMAG thanks David Boon, Department of Education, Tasmania for his significant and valuable contribution to this guide. TMAG acknowledge the support of Gondwana Studios for the exhibition and also the use of some of their materials in this learning resource. ©Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery 2018 All imagery, unless indicated owned by the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. Disclaimer TMAG does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy or availability of any information or services on websites listed in this guide. Please note the TMAG exhibition may differ from the photographic images shown in this guide. Presenting partners Major partner Education partner Exhibition partner Media partners Cover image: Kosmoceratops and Triceratops by Luis V. Rey Introduction Today we know a lot about dinosaurs, but there is still plenty we do not know that poses outstanding questions. For example, we know that dinosaurs are not all big and that they are not all extinct, but how do we Notes: know what dinosaurs looked like? How have recent discoveries not only The exhibition activities are provided more information on what dinosaurs actually looked like, but based around a class spending also provided evidence of the evolutionary link between one group of an hour in the exhibition (four dinosaurs and modern birds? galleries).