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Burn Your Way to Success Studies in the Mesopotamian Ritual And
Burn your way to success Studies in the Mesopotamian Ritual and Incantation Series Šurpu by Francis James Michael Simons A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics, Ancient History and Archaeology School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham March 2017 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The ritual and incantation series Šurpu ‘Burning’ is one of the most important sources for understanding religious and magical practice in the ancient Near East. The purpose of the ritual was to rid a sufferer of a divine curse which had been inflicted due to personal misconduct. The series is composed chiefly of the text of the incantations recited during the ceremony. These are supplemented by brief ritual instructions as well as a ritual tablet which details the ceremony in full. This thesis offers a comprehensive and radical reconstruction of the entire text, demonstrating the existence of a large, and previously unsuspected, lacuna in the published version. In addition, a single tablet, tablet IX, from the ten which comprise the series is fully edited, with partitur transliteration, eclectic and normalised text, translation, and a detailed line by line commentary. -
That Just Makes You Tired!
That Just Makes You Tired! Have you ever noticed that mere observation can make you tired? (Well, me neither). However, my son is always the thinker and he made an observation worthy of contemplation, i.e., idolatry is hard work! Yes, says he and here’s why. The Babylonians had at least eleven major gods: Tiamat: in one area she epitomized the beauty of the feminine, while the other showcasing how she represented the chaotic scope of primordial origins,” i.e., in another area she takes “the form of a giant dragon to wreak havoc on the younger generation of gods and is also said to have created the first batch of monsters and ‘poison- filled dragons…” I think I’ve met her. Enlil, Enki, and Anu: It has been reported that Mesopotamian had a supreme triad: Enlil, possibly portrayed as the ‘Lord of Air,’ Anu, god of the heavens, Enki, god of wisdom and earth. Of these it was Enlil “who brought upon the great flood upon humanity because he was “perturbed by their higher rate of fertility and the general ‘noise’ they made (that disturbed his sleep). Enki, translated as the ‘Lord of the Earth,’ has also been depicted as a deity of creation, crafts, intelligence and even magic.” Marduk: Seemingly the most famous of the Babylonian gods. Marduk has been portrayed as ‘the very King of gods (or even Storm God), draped in royal robes, whose fields of ‘expertise’ ranged from justice, healing to agriculture and magic. Historically, the famous ziggurat of Babylon was also dedicated to Marduk, which has been referred to a “the (literary) model for the Biblical Tower of Babel.” Other Babylonian gods included Ishtar, Sin, Shamash, Nisaba, Ashur, and Ninkasi. -
INTRODUCTION to BREWING Marie-Annick Scott
INTRODUCTION TO BREWING Marie-Annick Scott 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS History pg 2 Malt varieties pg 8 Other fermentables pg 9 Hops pg 11 Bittering compounds pg 12 Flavour compounds pg 12 Hop products pg 12 Water pg 14 Yeast pg 18 Equipment pg 20 Mash profiles pg 22 Detailed brew day steps pg 26 After brew day pg 34 Designing your own recipes pg 39 Glossary pg 43 © 2019 Marie-Annick Scott 2 INTRODUCTION TO BREWING Welcome to a one-day course on brewing. During this course you will learn how to transform grains and hops into drinkable beer. Throughout the day, we will be demonstrating how to make beer using your own equipment and guide you through the process to design your very own recipes. Brewing is an extremely old practice, even predating civilisation. Historians like to argue whether beer or bread came first, but we do know that it’s the reason humans started living together, moving from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to farming and eventually, cities. AN EXTREMELY BRIEF HISTORY OF BEER While we have evidence of beer and brewing going back over 10 000 years, the oldest written reference to beer is the “Hymn to Ninkasi” Given birth by the flowing water, tenderly cared for by Ninhursaja! Ninkasi, given birth by the flowing water, tenderly cared for by Ninhursaja! Having founded your town upon wax, she completed its great walls for you. Ninkasi, having founded your town upon wax, she completed its great walls for you. Your father is Enki, the lord Nudimmud, and your mother is Ninti, the queen of the abzu. -
The Lost Book of Enki.Pdf
L0ST BOOK °f6NK1 ZECHARIA SITCHIN author of The 12th Planet • . FICTION/MYTHOLOGY $24.00 TH6 LOST BOOK OF 6NK! Will the past become our future? Is humankind destined to repeat the events that occurred on another planet, far away from Earth? Zecharia Sitchin’s bestselling series, The Earth Chronicles, provided humanity’s side of the story—as recorded on ancient clay tablets and other Sumerian artifacts—concerning our origins at the hands of the Anunnaki, “those who from heaven to earth came.” In The Lost Book of Enki, we can view this saga from a dif- ferent perspective through this richly con- ceived autobiographical account of Lord Enki, an Anunnaki god, who tells the story of these extraterrestrials’ arrival on Earth from the 12th planet, Nibiru. The object of their colonization: gold to replenish the dying atmosphere of their home planet. Finding this precious metal results in the Anunnaki creation of homo sapiens—the human race—to mine this important resource. In his previous works, Sitchin com- piled the complete story of the Anunnaki ’s impact on human civilization in peacetime and in war from the frag- ments scattered throughout Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, Egyptian, Canaanite, and Hebrew sources- —the “myths” of all ancient peoples in the old world as well as the new. Missing from these accounts, however, was the perspective of the Anunnaki themselves What was life like on their own planet? What motives propelled them to settle on Earth—and what drove them from their new home? Convinced of the existence of a now lost book that formed the basis of THE lost book of ENKI MFMOHCS XND PKjOPHeCieS OF XN eXTfCXUfCWJTWXL COD 2.6CHXPJA SITCHIN Bear & Company Rochester, Vermont — Bear & Company One Park Street Rochester, Vermont 05767 www.InnerTraditions.com Copyright © 2002 by Zecharia Sitchin All rights reserved. -
Virginity in Ancient Mesopotamia*
COOPER VIRGINITY IN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA JERROLD S. COOPER Baltimore Virginity in Ancient Mesopotamia* 1. Virginity, Ours and Theirs “ virgin body has the freshness of would be an older adolescent girl. But in secret springs, the morning sheen actual Akkadian usage, ardatu is confined Aof an unopened flower, the orient to literary texts, whereas batultu, attested luster of a pearl on which the sun has never only after the Old Babylonian period, is the shone. Grotto, temple, sanctuary, secret word that would be used for adolescent girls garden – man, like the child, is fascinated in royal enumerations of booty, and in per- by enclosed and shadowy places not yet sonnel lists and legal texts.5 The Sumerian animated by any consciousness, which wait terms are restricted entirely to literary texts; to be given a soul: what he alone is to take the only case where a girl seems to progress and to penetrate seems to be in truth created from ki-sikil-tur to ki-sikil is in Enlil by him.”1 What a pity that neither Sumerian and Ninlil, where Ninlil first appears as ki- nor Akkadian has a proper word for a young sikil-tur (1. 11) alongside Enlil as guruš- woman whose flesh is capable of inspiring tur, but subsequently is called ki-sikil.6 such marvel! At least since the foundational In western languages, too, there is no word articles of Finkelstein and Landsberger,2 that originally designated virgin. Parthenos,7 Assyriologists have recognized that Sume- virgo, Jungfrau – all designate nubile girls rian ki-sikil-tur and ki-sikil,3 Akkadian before marriage, -
Chapter 2 Biblical Law in Cultural Context Science Offers Great Hopes
Chapter 2 Biblical Law in Cultural Context Science offers great hopes for tomorrow. Whether one seeks a vaccine for an epidemic, treatment for cancer, or simply a better mode of transportation, science advances optimism. Scientific knowledge is constantly expanding and things that were science fiction fifty years ago are taken for granted today. To some degree, people may fall prey to the idea that all areas of civilization progress like science does. This assessment would not be accurate or fair, however. A clear example is in the area of law. Certainly, the legal system found in most developed countries today is more complicated and intricate than many legal systems of history, but law itself is as old as human civilization. Rules of relationships and transactions, modes of accountability and fairness – these predate even the ability to write them down. The earliest legal codes available for study are those of the Ancient Near East, a common term to label the area that spans the modern countries of Egypt to the South, Turkey to the North, and Iran to the East. Legal codes are not some modern invention; they certainly weren’t invented on Mount Sinai with the Biblical Law.1 Legal codes long pre-existed Israel and the Israelites. Depending on how one dates Israel’s exodus from Egypt, the Biblical Law could date as early as the mid-1400’s BC, although I think the earliest dates more likely in the 1200’s BC, during the reign of Ramesses II of Egypt. “Proto-writing” (very primitive writing with symbols) arose around two-thousand years earlier, roughly 3200-2900BC. -
Mami Wata Arts for Water Spirits in Africa and Its Diasporas
exhibition preview Mami Wata Arts for Water Spirits in Africa and Its Diasporas Henry John Drewal “EEH, IF YOU SEE MAMI WATA, NEVER YOU RUN AWAy…” with contributions by Marilyn (SIR VICTOR UWAIFO, GUITAR BOY, 1967) Houlberg, Bogumil Jewsiewicki, John W. Nunley, and Jill Salmons ami Wata: Arts for Water Spirits in Africa and Its Diasporas” explores the visual cultures and histories of African and African Atlantic water deities and reveals the power and potency of images and ideas to shape the lives of people, communities, and societies. The exhibition has several sections: The first introduces Mami Wata, her person- Mality, attributes, and visual culture. The next offers a broad his- Fowler Museum at UCLA torical overview of the sources and currents that constitute her Los Angeles visual history. This is followed by a series of case studies that April 6–August 10, 2008 demonstrate specific cultural, historical and artistic forces that have shaped Mami Wata and water spirit imagery in different Chazen Museum of Art places on the African continent, while the next part treats a simi- lar theme for some of Mami Wata’s spirit sisters in the African University of Wisconsin, Madison Atlantic world. The final section considers Mami Wata as the October 18, 2008–January 11, muse that has inspired contemporary artists from Africa, the 2009 Caribbean and the United States. Here, a condensed introduc- tion and art historical overview are followed by a selection of National Museum of African Art objects from the other parts of the exhibition. Smithsonian Institution Washington DC INTRODUCING MAMI WATA At once beautiful, protective, seductive, and potentially April 1, 2009–July 26, 2009 deadly, the water spirit Mami Wata (Mother Water) is celebrated throughout much of Africa and the African Atlantic worlds. -
Mami Wata Arts for Water Spirits in Africa and Its Diasporas
exhibition preview Mami Wata Arts for Water Spirits in Africa and Its Diasporas Henry John Drewal "EEH, IF YOU SEE MAMI WATA, NEVER YOU RUN AWAY..." with contributions by Marilyn (SIR VICTOR UWAIFO, GUITAR BOY, 1967J Houlberg, Bogumil Jewsiewicki, John W. Nunley, and Jill Salmons ami Wata: Arts for Water Spirits in Africa and Its Diasporas" explores the visual cultures and histories of African and African Atlantic water deities and reveals the power and potency of images and ideas to shape the lives of people, communities, and societies. The exhibition has several sections: The first introduces Mami Wata, her person- ality, attributes, and visual culture. The next offers a broad his- Fowler Museum at UCLA torical overview of the sources and currents that constitute her Los Angeles visual history. This is followed by a series of case studies that April 6-August 10, 2008 demonstrate specific cultural, historical and artistic forces that have shaped Mami Wata and water spirit imagery in different Chazen Museum of Art places on the African continent, while the next part treats a simi- lar theme for some of Mami Wata's spirit sisters in the African University of Wisconsin, Madison Atlantic world. The final section considers Mami Wata as the October 18, 2008-January 11, muse that has inspired contemporary artists from Africa, the 2009 Caribbean and the United States. Here, a condensed introduc- tion and art historical overview are followed by a selection of National Museum of African Art objects from the other parts of the exhibition. Smithsonian Institution Washington DC INTRODUCING MAMI WATA April 1,2009-July26, 2009 At once beautiful, protective, seductive, and potentially deadly, the water spirit Mami Wata (Mother Water) is celebrated throughout much of Africa and the African Atlantic worlds. -
The Origins of Social Justice in the Ancient Mesopotamian Religious Traditions Brian R
Digital Commons @ George Fox University Faculty Publications - College of Christian Studies College of Christian Studies 4-2006 The Origins of Social Justice in the Ancient Mesopotamian Religious Traditions Brian R. Doak George Fox University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ccs Part of the Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Doak, Brian R., "The Origins of Social Justice in the Ancient Mesopotamian Religious Traditions" (2006). Faculty Publications - College of Christian Studies. Paper 185. http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ccs/185 This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Christian Studies at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications - College of Christian Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “The Origins of Social Justice in the Ancient Mesopotamian Religious Traditions” Brian R. Doak Presented at the American Schools of Oriental Research Central States Meeting St. Louis, MO (April 2006) Note: This paper was solicited from me as an entry in an introductory multi-volume encyclopedia project on social justice in the world’s religious traditions. I presented it, polished it up for publication, and then the whole project fell apart for some reason that I never understood a few months after I submitted the piece. Since it will never see the light of day otherwise, I post it here for whomever might find it useful. (I) Introduction The existence of written law in the ancient Near East predates the earliest legal codes of other notable ancient civilizations, including those in China and India; thus, through the early Mesopotamians, we are given the first actual historical glimpse of law as idealized and, in some cases, practiced in human civilization. -
Marten Stol WOMEN in the ANCIENT NEAR EAST
Marten Stol WOMEN IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST Marten Stol Women in the Ancient Near East Marten Stol Women in the Ancient Near East Translated by Helen and Mervyn Richardson ISBN 978-1-61451-323-0 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-1-61451-263-9 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-1-5015-0021-3 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs 3.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. Original edition: Vrouwen van Babylon. Prinsessen, priesteressen, prostituees in de bakermat van de cultuur. Uitgeverij Kok, Utrecht (2012). Translated by Helen and Mervyn Richardson © 2016 Walter de Gruyter Inc., Boston/Berlin Cover Image: Marten Stol Typesetting: Dörlemann Satz GmbH & Co. KG, Lemförde Printing and binding: cpi books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Table of Contents Introduction 1 Map 5 1 Her outward appearance 7 1.1 Phases of life 7 1.2 The girl 10 1.3 The virgin 13 1.4 Women’s clothing 17 1.5 Cosmetics and beauty 47 1.6 The language of women 56 1.7 Women’s names 58 2 Marriage 60 2.1 Preparations 62 2.2 Age for marrying 66 2.3 Regulations 67 2.4 The betrothal 72 2.5 The wedding 93 2.6 -
Women in the Ancient Near East: a Sourcebook
WOMEN IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST Women in the Ancient Near East provides a collection of primary sources that further our understanding of women from Mesopotamian and Near Eastern civiliza- tions, from the earliest historical and literary texts in the third millennium BC to the end of Mesopotamian political autonomy in the sixth century BC. This book is a valuable resource for historians of the Near East and for those studying women in the ancient world. It moves beyond simply identifying women in the Near East to attempting to place them in historical and literary context, follow- ing the latest research. A number of literary genres are represented, including myths and epics, proverbs, medical texts, law collections, letters and treaties, as well as building, dedicatory, and funerary inscriptions. Mark W. Chavalas is Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, where he has taught since 1989. Among his publications are the edited Emar: The History, Religion, and Culture of a Syrian Town in the Late Bronze Age (1996), Mesopotamia and the Bible (2002), and The Ancient Near East: Historical Sources in Translation (2006), and he has had research fellowships at Yale, Harvard, Cornell, Cal-Berkeley, and a number of other universities. He has nine seasons of exca- vation at various Bronze Age sites in Syria, including Tell Ashara/Terqa and Tell Mozan/Urkesh. ROUTLEDGE SOURCEBOOKS FOR THE ANCIENT WORLD HISTORIANS OF ANCIENT ROME, THIRD EDITION Ronald Mellor TRIALS FROM CLASSICAL ATHENS, SECOND EDITION Christopher Carey ANCIENT GREECE, THIRD EDITION Matthew Dillon and Lynda Garland READINGS IN LATE ANTIQUITY, SECOND EDITION Michael Maas GREEK AND ROMAN EDUCATION Mark Joyal, J.C. -
Mesopotamian Culture
MESOPOTAMIAN CULTURE WORK DONE BY MANUEL D. N. 1ºA MESOPOTAMIAN GODS The Sumerians practiced a polytheistic religion , with anthropomorphic monotheistic and some gods representing forces or presences in the world , as he would later Greek civilization. In their beliefs state that the gods originally created humans so that they serve them servants , but when they were released too , because they thought they could become dominated by their large number . Many stories in Sumerian religion appear homologous to stories in other religions of the Middle East. For example , the biblical account of the creation of man , the culture of The Elamites , and the narrative of the flood and Noah's ark closely resembles the Assyrian stories. The Sumerian gods have distinctly similar representations in Akkadian , Canaanite religions and other cultures . Some of the stories and deities have their Greek parallels , such as the descent of Inanna to the underworld ( Irkalla ) resembles the story of Persephone. COSMOGONY Cosmogony Cosmology sumeria. The universe first appeared when Nammu , formless abyss was opened itself and in an act of self- procreation gave birth to An ( Anu ) ( sky god ) and Ki ( goddess of the Earth ), commonly referred to as Ninhursag . Binding of Anu (An) and Ki produced Enlil , Mr. Wind , who eventually became the leader of the gods. Then Enlil was banished from Dilmun (the home of the gods) because of the violation of Ninlil , of which he had a son , Sin ( moon god ) , also known as Nanna . No Ningal and gave birth to Inanna ( goddess of love and war ) and Utu or Shamash ( the sun god ) .