DOCSLIB.ORG

Welcome to the Coven: Organising Feminist Activism in the Connective Era

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Welcome to the Coven: Organising Feminist Activism in the Connective Era Welcome to the Coven: Organising Feminist Activism in the Connective Era Verity Anne Trott ORCID 0000-0002-0288-4044 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) School of Culture and Communication Faculty of Arts University of Melbourne January 2019 1 Abstract The highly publicised protest wave of the early 2010s triggered a reconceptualization of the organisational practices and structures of contemporary activism. Prior research was focused on analysing the new sociality of the internet, primarily organisational websites and forums, and how this was affecting, influencing, and extending collective action (Bimber et al., 2005; Chadwick, 2007; Earl, 2010). The traditional model of collective action was found to no longer account for the full range of actions that were occurring in digitised spaces. In response to this shift, Bennett and Segerberg (2012, 2013) proposed the logic of connective action to account for new models of protest organising with social and digital technologies. However, their large- scale networked analysis, while insightful, fails to capture the finer-grained relationships between activists particularly within less transparent networks. In addition, since the development of their theory, there has been an explosion of feminist protests epitomised by the recent #MeToo movement. The scale, reach, and seeming permanence of these feminist actions demands further examination. Thus, this thesis provides a theoretical account of the organisational structures and practices occurring behind the scenes of contemporary feminist actions. Drawing on a social media ethnographic approach, this thesis documents the post- digital and hybrid feminist social movement repertoire that is resulting in a globalisation of feminist protests. The research is based on in-depth interviews with feminist activists and focuses on three case studies of feminist protests: the original Hollaback! campaign hosted on a photoblog, the series of #TakeDownJulienBlanc post-digital protests, and the solidarity feminist hashtag #EndViolenceAgainstWomen. The thesis also incorporates a discussion of the #MeToo movement due to its significance in the contemporary political climate. Its key contributions are challenging the myth of structurelessness within contemporary protests; reaffirming the hybridity of organisational practices; and conceptualising the franchising of feminist activism. Overall, the thesis identifies the profoundly feminist issues that impact contemporary organisational structures and practices, resulting in an expansion and partial contestation of Bennett and Segerberg’s (2013) connective action typology. 2 Statement of Original Authorship The work contained in this thesis has not been previously submitted to meet requirements for an award at this or any other higher education institution. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made. Signature: Date: 29-01-2019 Sections of this thesis have been published elsewhere. Early theoretical work and findings from the research were published as ‘Connected Feminists: Foregrounding the interpersonal in connective action,’ published by the Australian Journal of Political Science, vol. 53, no. 1. Further, findings from Chapter Six have been used in the book chapter ‘Connective Crowds: The organisational structure of a feminist crowd in the #TakeDownJulienBlanc campaign’ in From sit-ins to #revolutions, edited by Olivia Guntarik and Vicki Grieves, which is currently in print. I would also like to acknowledge the copyediting and proofreading work provided by Capstone Editing, in accordance with the guidelines laid out in the university-endorsed national ‘Guidelines for Editing Research Thesis’. 3 Acknowledgements First of all, I thank my supervisors for their consistent support throughout the whole PhD journey. I am grateful we all had such easy going supportive relationships. Thank you Scott Wright for introducing me to the world of big data and digital media research. Your passion and enthusiasm for teaching methods is contagious. Beth Driscoll, thank you for always having a calming presence and for helping me develop a narrative for my research and career. To each of the people I interviewed for this research: thank you. Thank you for your time, knowledge, insights and encouragement. There would be no thesis without you and I appreciate all of the unpaid labour you do. I would also like to acknowledge the inspiration I gathered from my colleagues and now friends at all of the conferences and workshops I attended and how their talks provoked moments of clarity in my own work. I appreciate the national and international community of researchers that made me feel welcome. A simple acknowledgement isn’t enough to recognise the time and support my mum and partner have provided me over the past few years. From being diagnosed with “bad luck” to breaking several bones; you both provided endless support when my body was failing me. Your care allowed me to focus on my work and it is a credit to you that I have finished. 4 Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................... 2 Statement of Original Authorship ........................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... 4 Contents ..................................................................................................................... 5 List of Figures ............................................................................................................ 8 List of Tables ............................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 1: Introduction ......................................................................................... 10 1.1 Contextualising Contemporary Feminist Protests ........................................... 11 1.2 Research Questions and Research Design ...................................................... 15 1.3 Thesis Argument and Original Contributions ................................................. 18 1.4 Chapter Overview ........................................................................................... 22 Chapter 2: Reconceptualising Collective Action in the Digital Age .................. 27 2.1 Revisiting Collective Action ........................................................................... 28 2.1.1 Reconceptualising Collective Action Theory .......................................... 30 2.2 Understanding Connective Action Theory ...................................................... 32 2.2.1 Critiquing Connective Action .................................................................. 34 2.2.2 The Role of Individual Activists ............................................................. 36 2.2.3 A Categorical Approach to Internet Activism ......................................... 41 2.3 Hybridity ......................................................................................................... 42 2.4 Franchising Activism ...................................................................................... 45 2.5 Post-digital and the Legitimisation of Clicktivism ......................................... 47 2.6 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 51 Chapter 3: Understanding the Structure of Feminist Activism ........................ 54 3.1 Structurelessness ............................................................................................. 55 3.2 Technofeminism .............................................................................................. 61 3.3 Digital Feminist Activism ............................................................................... 63 3.3.1 Online Actions and Physical Mobilisations ............................................ 63 3.3.2 Blogging, Online Spaces and Feminist DIY Culture .............................. 68 3.3.3 Large-Scale Feminist Actions and Affective Labour .............................. 75 3.4 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 78 Chapter 4: Methodology ......................................................................................... 81 4.1 Method and Methodology ............................................................................... 81 4.2 The Methodological Approach ....................................................................... 82 4.3 Method ............................................................................................................ 85 4.3.1 Social Media Ethnography ...................................................................... 85 4.3.2 Case Studies ............................................................................................. 88 4.3.3 Semi-Structured Interviews ..................................................................... 92 4.3.4 Data Analysis ........................................................................................... 97 4.4 Limitations ...................................................................................................... 99 5 4.5 Conclusion ....................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Need for a Rights-Based Public Health Approach to Australian Asylum Seeker Health Jo Durham1* , Claire E
    Durham et al. Public Health Reviews (2016) 37:6 DOI 10.1186/s40985-016-0020-9 REVIEW Open Access The need for a rights-based public health approach to Australian asylum seeker health Jo Durham1* , Claire E. Brolan1,2, Chi-Wai Lui1 and Maxine Whittaker1,3 * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 1Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health Public health professionals have a responsibility to protect and promote the right to School of Public Health, The health amongst populations, especially vulnerable and disenfranchised groups, such University of Queensland, Herston as people seeking asylum and whose health care is frequently compromised. As at Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia 31 March 2016, there was a total of 3707 people (including 384 children) in immigration Full list of author information is detention facilities or community detention in Australia, with 431 of them detained for available at the end of the article more than 2 years. The Public Health Association of Australia and the Australian Medical Association assert that people seeking asylum in Australia have a right to health in the same way as Australian citizens, and they denounce detention of such people in government facilities for prolonged and indeterminate periods of time. The position of these two professional organisations is consistent with the compelling body of evidence demonstrating the negative impact detention has on health. Yet in recent years, both the Labour and Liberal parties—when at the helm of Australia’s Federal Government—have implemented a suite of regressive policies toward individuals seeking asylum. This has involved enforced legal restrictions on dissenting voices of those working with these populations, including health professionals.
    [Show full text]
  • Extract from Book 17)
    PARLIAMENT OF VICTORIA PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES (HANSARD) LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY FIFTY-EIGHTH PARLIAMENT FIRST SESSION Thursday, 8 December 2016 (Extract from book 17) Internet: www.parliament.vic.gov.au/downloadhansard By authority of the Victorian Government Printer Following a select committee investigation, Victorian Hansard was conceived when the following amended motion was passed by the Legislative Assembly on 23 June 1865: That in the opinion of this house, provision should be made to secure a more accurate report of the debates in Parliament, in the form of Hansard. The sessional volume for the first sitting period of the Fifth Parliament, from 12 February to 10 April 1866, contains the following preface dated 11 April: As a preface to the first volume of “Parliamentary Debates” (new series), it is not inappropriate to state that prior to the Fifth Parliament of Victoria the newspapers of the day virtually supplied the only records of the debates of the Legislature. With the commencement of the Fifth Parliament, however, an independent report was furnished by a special staff of reporters, and issued in weekly parts. This volume contains the complete reports of the proceedings of both Houses during the past session. In 2016 the Hansard Unit of the Department of Parliamentary Services continues the work begun 150 years ago of providing an accurate and complete report of the proceedings of both houses of the Victorian Parliament. The Governor The Honourable LINDA DESSAU, AM The Lieutenant-Governor The Honourable Justice MARILYN WARREN, AC, QC The ministry (to 9 November 2016) Premier ........................................................ The Hon. D. M. Andrews, MP Deputy Premier and Minister for Education, and Minister for Emergency Services (from 10 June 2016) [Minister for Consumer Affairs, Gaming and Liquor Regulation 10 June to 20 June 2016] ..................
    [Show full text]
  • From Clicktivism to Hacktivism: Understanding Digital Activism
    Information & Organization, forthcoming 2019 1 From Clicktivism to Hacktivism: Understanding Digital Activism Jordana J. George Dorothy E. Leidner Mays Business School, Texas A&M University Baylor University ABSTRACT Digital activism provides new opportunities for social movement participants and social movement organizations (SMOs). Recent IS research has begun to touch on digital activism, defining it, exploring it, and building new theory to help understand it. This paper seeks to unpack digital activism through an exploratory literature review that provides descriptions, definitions, and categorizations. We provide a framework for digital activism by extending Milbrath’s (1965) hierarchy of political participation that divides activism into spectator, transitional, and gladiatorial activities. Using this framework, we identify ten activities of digital activism that are represented in the literature. These include digital spectator activities: clicktivism, metavoicing, assertion; digital transitional activities: e-funding, political consumerism, digital petitions, and botivism; and digital gladiatorial activities: data activism, exposure, and hacktivism. Last, we analyze the activities in terms of participants, SMOs, individuals who are targeted by the activity, and organizations that are targeted by the activity. We highlight four major implications and offer four meta-conjectures on the mechanisms of digital activism and their resulting impacts, and reveal a new construct where participants digitally organize yet lack an identifying cause, which we label connective emotion. Key Words Digital activism, social activism, political participation, social movements, connective emotion, literature review 1.0 Introduction Not long ago, activism to promote social movements was relegated to demonstrations and marches, chaining oneself to a fence, or writing to a government representative. Recruiting, organizing, and retaining participants was difficult enough to ensure that often only largest, best supported movements thrived and creating an impact often took years.
    [Show full text]
  • National Portrait Gallery of Australia Annual Report 18/19
    National Portrait Gallery of Australia Annual Report 18/19 Study of Louis Nowra 2018 by Imants Tillers commissioned with funds provided by Tim Bednall, Jillian Broadbent ao, John Kaldor ao and Naomi Milgrom ao, Anna Meares 2018 by Narelle Autio commissioned with funds provided by King & Wood Mallesons and Li Cunxin 2017–18 by Jun Chen commissioned with funds provided by Tim Fairfax ac. On display as part of the 20/20: Celebrating twenty years with twenty new portrait commissions exhibition. b National Portrait Gallery of Australia Annual Report 18/19 © National Portrait Gallery The National Portrait Gallery is located on of Australia 2019 King Edward Terrace in the Parliamentary Zone of Canberra. issn 2204-0811 Location and opening hours All rights reserved. No part of this publication The National Portrait Gallery is situated in front may be reproduced or transmitted in any form of the High Court and alongside the National or by any means, electronic or mechanical Gallery of Australia. The Gallery is open daily (including photocopying, recording or any from 10.00am to 5.00pm, except for Christmas information storage and retrieval system), Day 25, December. For more information visit without permission from the publisher. portrait.gov.au All photographs unless otherwise stated Parking by Mark Mohell. The underground public car park can be accessed from Parkes Place. The car park is open seven This report is also accessible on the days per week and closes at 5.30pm. Parking National Portrait Gallery’s website spaces for people with mobility difficulties are portrait.gov.au provided in the car park close to the public access lifts.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Slacktivism on Social Media: Predictors and Effects
    Health Slacktivism on Social Media: Predictors and Effects Chih-Wei Hu Annenberg School for Communication, University of Southern California, USA [email protected] Abstract. The present study examined predictors, moderators, and effects of health slacktivism, which is characterized as individuals’ effortless acts in supporting health causes primarily through Internet and social media. Findings revealed that issue-involvement and self-presentation were two underlying predictors of slacktivism. Specifically, ingratiation self-presentation was found to be a significant predictor of slacktivism among slacktivists, while enhancement self-presentation predicted slacktivism among activists. Results imply that strategic impression-management types were associated with health slacktivism among particular sub-groups. It is also found that health slacktivists and activists differed by relational connection. Slacktivists tended to be people who were remotely related to the health issue advocated, while activists were people who had closer relational connection to the health issue. Health consciousness, however, was not a significant predictor of slacktivism nor a differentiating factor between slacktivists and activists. Consistent with the Transtheoretical Model, slacktivism was found to have positive effects among participants in terms of awareness, psychological wellbeing, behavioral intention and behavior adoption. Individuals’ low-threshold engagement as slacktivism also predicted their high-threshold engagement (activism), implying that getting involved in slacktivism does not substitute for offline forms of participation but may increase the possibility of offline engagement instead. Keywords: slacktivism, activism, social media, health campaign, health consciousness, issue-involvement, self-presentation. 1 Introduction Web 2.0 has changed the way people engage in social activism in that the Internet have opened up a new world for quick access and connection to online campaigns of various social causes [1-2].
    [Show full text]
  • Blacklivesmatter—Getting from Contemporary Social Movements to Structural Change
    Georgetown University Law Center Scholarship @ GEORGETOWN LAW 2021 #BlackLivesMatter—Getting from Contemporary Social Movements to Structural Change Jamillah Bowman Williams Georgetown University Law Center, [email protected] Naomi Mezey Georgetown University Law Center, [email protected] Lisa O. Singh Georgetown University, [email protected] This paper can be downloaded free of charge from: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/2387 https://ssrn.com/abstract=3860435 California Law Review Online, Vol. 12, Reckoning and Reformation symposium. This open-access article is brought to you by the Georgetown Law Library. Posted with permission of the author. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Law and Race Commons, and the Law and Society Commons #BlackLivesMatter— Getting from Contemporary Social Movements to Structural Change Jamillah Bowman Williams*, Naomi Mezey**, and Lisa Singh*** Introduction ................................................................................................. 2 I. Methodology ............................................................................................ 5 II. BLM: From Contemporary Social Movement to Structural Change ..... 6 A. Black Lives Matter as a Social Media Powerhouse ................. 6 B. Tweets and Streets: The Dynamic Relationship between Online and Offline Activism ................................................. 12 C. A Theory of How to Move from Social Media
    [Show full text]
  • Rosh Hashana 2015
    Volume 91 No 2 September 2015/5776 P.O. Box 2220 Caulfield Junction VIC 3161 [email protected] www.ncjwa.org.au PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE Rysia Rozen OAM We welcome Rosh Hashanah 5776 with new plans and renewed energy. May the New Year be sweet as the honey cake we will be sharing with our families and may we all enjoy good health and happiness. We pray for peace in Israel, and for all Jews around the world. Best wishes to you and your family for the coming year. May you be inscribed in the Book of Life and may there be peace throughout the world. Read this issue of NCJWA Council Bulletin and let us know how you want to be involved. See if this New Year you can bring one new person as a new member to NCJWA. THIS NEW YEAR’S WAKE UP CALL... Brie Shroot ** Last week my Facebook feed, like that of many others, was filled with photo after photo of a dead child. Like so many other children and adults fleeing war torn countries, little Aylan is dead. He will not grow older, learn to read, ride a bike or just blow out four candles on a cake. The photos that went viral have created a desire to fix the problem however we can. It hurts us terribly to see images like this and many people who previously have been unaware of the seriousness of the situation have been moved to act. Over the last months the trickle has become a flood and families are making the hard decision to risk their lives in the hope of finding a new, safer home.
    [Show full text]
  • Hashtag Activism and Why #Blacklivesmatter in (And To) the Classroom
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research Brooklyn College 2016 Hashtag Activism and Why #BlackLivesMatter In (And To) the Classroom Prudence Cumberbatch CUNY Brooklyn College Nicole Trujillo-Pagán Wayne State University How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/bc_pubs/189 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] ISSN: 1941-0832 Hashtag Activism and Why #BlackLivesMatter In (and To) the Classroom by-Prudence Cumberbatch and Nicole Trujillo-Pagán PROTEST MARCH IN RESPONSE TO THE SHOOTING OF PHILANDO CASTILE, ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA ON JULY 7, 2016 (IMAGE: FIBONACCI BLUE) RADICAL TEACHER 78 http://radicalteacher.library.pitt.edu No. 106 (Fall 2016) DOI 10.5195/rt.2016.302 n the wake of the murder of Trayvon Martin and the not only transform people's self-understandings but also acquittal of George Zimmerman, the hashtag contest the legitimacy of received cultural codes and points I #BlackLivesMatter was started by Alicia Garza, of view” (Carroll and Hackett 2006, 87). A critical part of PatrisseCullors and Opal Tometi. 1 The case led to this discursive struggle involves social media, which multiracial protests across the country and Twitter became creates a virtual space to challenge, reframe, and a way of organizing and discussing these experiences. The reinscribe representations of who is victimized. subsequent media attention to the murders of unarmed Communities like Black Lives Matter (BLM) challenge the black and brown people encouraged further protest using legitimacy of an ostensibly “colorblind” judicial system.
    [Show full text]
  • Change the Story. Framework Foundations 2
    Appendix 3: Independently authored think pieces Note: This is Appendix 3 of the following document: Our Watch, Australia’s National Research Organisation for Women’s Safety (ANROWS) and VicHealth (2015) Change the Story: A shared framework for the primary prevention of violence against women and their children in Australia: Framework Foundations 2. It comprises eight independently authored ‘think pieces’ that were commissioned by Our Watch. The views expressed in these papers are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the position of the framework partnership. Suggested citation for these papers: Author(s), (2015), individual paper title, paper prepared for Our Watch. Available in Our Watch, Australia’s National Research Organisation for Women’s Safety (ANROWS) and VicHealth (2015) Change the Story: A shared framework for the primary prevention of violence against women and their children in Australia, Our Watch, Melbourne, Australia. CONCEPTUALISING CHILDREN IN A PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND CHILDREN FRAMEWORK Think piece paper for the development of the national framework to Prevent Violence against Women and their Children Prepared for Our Watch Monica Campo Summary This paper examines how children should be conceptualised within a national framework for preventing violence against women. It raises issues and areas for consideration in the development of the framework and the implications for policy and practice. It is predominately focused on male violence against women and children that occurs typically in the context of family or intimate relationships. It is acknowledged that there are other patterns of violence within relationships that need consideration in a violence prevention framework, for example violence in non-heterosexual relationships, which is beyond the scope of this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Responses to Family Violence
    Community responses to family violence Charting policy outcomes using novel data sources, text mining & topic modelling January 2020 Social Innovation Research Institute Swinburne University of Technology Social Innovation Swinburne University Research Institute of Technology Project SOPHIA Project team Heading Professor Jane Farmer: Project lead (Social Outcomes Dr Arezou Soltani Panah: Data science lead of Policy: Helpful Associate Professor Anthony McCosker: Intelligence & Analytics) Research design, analysis and lead author Dr Jonathan Kingsley: Project management This project was and analysis commissioned by the Zoe Teh: Research assistant Jasmine Knox: Research assistant Victorian Government, Associate Professor Amir Aryani: Data sourcing Department of Premier For inquiries and Cabinet Contact the Lead Chief Investigator, Professor Jane Farmer ([email protected]) Acknowledgements We pay respects to the traditional custodians of all the lands on which we work, and acknowledge their Elders, past, present and emerging. We would like to recognise the time and commitment of the members of the Project SOPHIA Steering Group. Thanks to Lauren Costello, Director, Outcomes and Evidence, along with Laura Portaro, Georgina Nixey and Sarah Thomas from the Department of Premier and Cabinet for their guidance, input and support. This report is released subject to a Creative Commons BY-NC-ND license (License). This means, in summary, that you may reproduce, transmit and distribute the text, provided that you do not do so for commercial purposes, and provided that you attribute the extracted text to the authors of this report. You must not alter, transform or build upon the text in this publication. Your rights under the License are in addition to any fair dealing rights which you have under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth).
    [Show full text]
  • Can Public Diplomacy Survive the Internet?
    D C CAN PUBLIC DIPLOMACY SURVIVE THE INTERNET? BOTS, ECHO CHAMBERS, AND DISINFORMATION Edited by Shawn Powers and Markos Kounalakis May 2017 TRANSMITTAL LETTER Tothe President, Congress, Secretary of State and the American People: Established in 1948, the U.S. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy (ACPD) is authorized pur­ suant to Public Law 114- 113 to appraise all U.S. government efforts to understand, inform and in­ fluence foreign publics. We achieve this goal in a variety of ways, including, among other efforts, offering policy recommendations, and through our Comprehensive Annual Report, which tracks how the roughly $1.8 billion in appropriated funds is spent on public diplomacy efforts throughout the world. Part of the Commission’s mandate is to help the State Department prepare for cutting edge and transformative changes, which have the potential to upend how we think about engaging with foreign publics. This report aims to achieve precisely that. In order to think carefully about public diplomacy in this ever and rapidly changing communications space, the Commission convened a group of private sector, government, and academic experts at Stanford University’s Hoover Insti­ tution to discuss the latest research and trends in strategic communication in digital spaces. The results of that workshop, refined by a number of follow-on interviews and discussions with other organizations interested in similar questions, are included in this report. Can Public Diplomacy Survive the Internet? features essays by workshop participants that focus on emergent and potentially transformative technology and communication patterns. The essays also highlight the potential challenges and opportunities these changes create for public diplomacy practitioners in particular and the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Twitter and the #Bringbackourgirls Campaign by Chelsey
    The Technology of Hope: Twitter and the #BringBackOurGirls Campaign by Chelsey Smith A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Social and Applied Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts In Intercultural and International Communication Royal Roads University Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Supervisor: Dr. David Black August 29, 2015 • Chelsey Smith, 2015 Committee Approval The members of Chelsey Smith’s Thesis Committee certify that they have read the thesis titled The Technology of Hope: Twitter and the #BringBackOurGirls Campaign and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the thesis requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Intercultural and International Communication: Dr. David Black, Associate Professor [signature on file] School of Communication & Culture Royal Roads University Dr. Chaseten Remillard, Professor [signature on file] School of Communication & Culture Royal Roads University Dr. Merlyna Lim, Assistant Professor [signature on file] School of Journalism and Communication Carleton University Final approval and acceptance of this thesis is contingent upon submission of the final copy of the thesis to Royal Roads University. The thesis supervisor confirms to have read this thesis and recommends that it be accepted as fulfilling the thesis requirements: Dr. David Black [signature on file] 2 Creative Commons Statement This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ca/. Some material in this work is not being made available under the terms of this license: • Third-Party material that is being used under fair dealing or with permission.
    [Show full text]