Evidence and Counter-Evidence Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics Series Editors: Peter Houtzagers · Janneke Kalsbeek · Jos Schaeken Editorial Advisory Board: R. Alexander (Berkeley) · A.A. Barentsen (Amsterdam) B. Comrie (Leipzig) - B.M. Groen (Amsterdam) · W. Lehfeldt (Göttingen) G. Spieß (Cottbus) - R. Sprenger (Amsterdam) · W.R. Vermeer (Leiden) Amsterdam - New York, NY 2008 Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, vol. 32 Evidence and Counter-Evidence Essays in honour of Frederik Kortlandt Volume 1: Balto-Slavic and Indo-European Linguistics edited by Alexander Lubotsky Jos Schaeken Jeroen Wiedenhof with the assistance of Rick Derksen and Sjoerd Siebinga Cover illustration: The Old Prussian Basel Epigram (1369) © The University of Basel. The paper on which this book is printed meets the requirements of “ISO 9706: 1994, Information and documentation - Paper for documents - Requirements for permanence”. ISBN: set (volume 1-2): 978-90-420-2469-4 ISBN: 978-90-420-2470-0 ©Editions Rodopi B.V., Amsterdam - New York, NY 2008 Printed in The Netherlands CONTENTS The editors PREFACE 1 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS BY FREDERIK KORTLANDT 3 ɽˏ˫˜ˈ˧ ɿˈ˫ː˧ˮˬː˧ ʡ ʤʡʢʡʤʦɿʄʔʦʊʝʸʟʡʞ ʔʒʩʱʊʟʔʔ ʡʅʣɿʟʔʱʔʦʊʝʸʟʷʮ ʄʣʊʞʊʟʟʷʮ ʤʡʻʒʡʄ ʤʝɿʄʼʟʤʘʔʮ ʼʒʷʘʡʄ 23 Robert S.P. Beekes PALATALIZED CONSONANTS IN PRE-GREEK 45 Uwe Bläsing TALYSCHI RöZ ‘SPUR’ UND VERWANDTE: EIN BEITRAG ZUR IRANISCHEN WORTFORSCHUNG 57 Václav Blažek CELTIC ‘SMITH’ AND HIS COLLEAGUES 67 Johnny Cheung THE OSSETIC CASE SYSTEM REVISITED 87 Bardhyl Demiraj ALB. RRUSH, ON RAGUSA UND GR. ͽΚ̨ 107 Rick Derksen QUANTITY PATTERNS IN THE UPPER SORBIAN NOUN 121 George E. Dunkel LUVIAN -TAR AND HOMERIC ̭ш ̸̫ 137 José L. García Ramón ERERBTES UND ERSATZKONTINUANTEN BEI DER REKON- STRUKTION VON INDOGERMANISCHEN KONSTRUKTIONS- MUSTERN: IDG. *ì֚Eआ- UND HETH. LÝ݉U-݉݉I ‘GIESSEN’ 151 Eric P. Hamp INDO-EUROPEAN *SìHÉDHLÝ 171 Andries van Helden IS CASE A LINGUIST OR A FREDERIK? 173 Tette Hofstra AUS DEM BEREICH DER GERMANISCH-OSTSEEFINNISCHEN LEHNWORTFORSCHUNG: ÜBERLEGUNGEN ZUR ETYMOLOGIE VON FINNISCH RYTÄKKÄ ‘KRACH’ 195 CONTENTS Georg Holzer STRUKTURELLE BESONDERHEITEN DES URSLAVISCHEN 201 Wim Honselaar REFLECTIONS ON RECIPROCITY IN RUSSIAN AND DUTCH 213 László Honti ‘TIBI LIBER EST’ ~ ‘HABES LIBRUM’ (BEMERKUNGEN ZUR HER- KUNFT DER HABITIVEN KONSTRUKTIONEN IM URALISCHEN) 229 Peter Houtzagers ON THE éAKAVIAN DIALECT OF KOLJNOF NEAR SOPRON 247 Petri Kallio ON THE “EARLY BALTIC” LOANWORDS IN COMMON FINNIC 265 Janneke Kalsbeek THE QUANTITY OF THE VOWEL I IN STIPAN KONZUL’S KATEKIZAM (1564) 279 Jared S. Klein INTERROGATIVE SEQUENCES IN THE RIGVEDA 297 Jorma Koivulehto FRÜHE SLAVISCH-FINNISCHE KONTAKTE 309 Leonid Kulikov THE VEDIC TYPE PATÁYATI REVISITED: SEMANTIC OPPOSITIONS, PARADIGMATIC RELATIONSHIPS AND HISTORICAL CONNECTIONS 323 Winfred P. Lehmann LINGUISTIC LAWS AND UNIVERSALS: THE TWAIN… 343 Alexander Lubotsky VEDIC ‘OX’ AND ‘SACRIFICIAL CAKE’ 351 Ranko MatasoviIJ THE ORIGIN OF THE OLD IRISH F-FUTURE 361 H. Craig Melchert PROBLEMS IN HITTITE PRONOMINAL INFLECTION 367 Cecilia Odé COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTIONS AND PROSODIC LABELLING OF THREE RUSSIAN PITCH ACCENTS 377 Norbert Oettinger AN INDO-EUROPEAN CUSTOM OF SACRIFICE IN GREECE AND ELSEWHERE 403 CONTENTS Harry Perridon RECONSTRUCTING THE OBSTRUENTS OF PROTO-GERMANIC 415 Georges-Jean Pinault TOCHARIAN FRIENDSHIP 431 ɽˏ˫˜ˈ˧ˈ ʜ˩˥ˬ ʣʡʏʉʊʟʔʊ Cʝʡʄɿʣʼ 453 Arend Quak ARCHAISCHE WÖRTER IN DEN MALBERGISCHEN GLOSSEN DER ‘LEX SALICA’ 469 Jos Schaeken NOCHMALS ZUR AKZENTUIERUNG DER KIEVER BLÄTTER 489 Rüdiger Schmitt ZU DER FREMDBEZEICHNUNG ARMENIENS ALTPERS. ARMINA- 499 Patrick Sims-Williams THE PROBLEM OF SPIRANTIZATION AND NASALIZATION IN BRITTONIC CELTIC 509 Han Steenwijk THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE RESIANICA DICTIONARY 527 Michiel de Vaan 543 أSANSKRIT TRÍDHÝ AND TREDH William R. Veder NON SECUNDUM SCIENTIAM: READING WHAT IS NOT THERE 553 Theo Vennemann gen. Nierfeld MÜNZE, MINT, AND MONEY: AN ETYMOLOGY FOR LATIN MONETA. WITH APPENDICES ON CARTHAGINIAN TANIT AND THE INDO-EUROPEAN MONTH WORD 569 Willem Vermeer THE PREHISTORY OF THE ALBANIAN VOWEL SYSTEM: A PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION 591 Jos J.S. Weitenberg DIPHTHONGIZATION OF INITIAL E- AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF INITIAL Y- IN ARMENIAN 609 PREFACE These two volumes are dedicated to Frederik Kortlandt on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday, bringing together contributions by students and colleagues who have found inspiration in his linguistic work. Except for this intellectual association, the texts have little in com- mon. They thus reflect Frederik’s abundant linguistic appetites, ranging from Slavic studies to Indo-European reconstruction, Tibeto-Burman fieldwork and the genesis of human language itself. The list is endless, owing to his knack for taking up an entirely new area of expertise, acquainting himself with its traditions, and proceeding to invigorate its specialists with new evidence, insights and incentives. In obtaining evidence, Frederik’s observations are penetrating and meticulous, but his empiricism does not rely on facts proving the theory. The role of the theory is to allow its own disproof: “a new insight means a new way of looking for counter-evidence rather than a new way of looking at known facts” (List of Publications, no. 104). This paradox is due to the fact that “human beings are driven by ideas” (no. 206). For if humans risk becoming victims of their own ideas, it is the responsibility of science to test these concepts in the exploration of unknown terri- tories. Frederik has intensified this quest into the unknown over the years. Realizing the speed with which traditional cultures succumb to political, economic and technological pressures, he has actively promoted the do- cumentation of little-known written and unwritten languages and their various habitats across the globe. The resulting descriptions not only provide abundant and indispensable data for the analysis of our com- plex cultural heritage, they constitute a lasting contribution to the deve- lopment of linguistic science. Dear Frits: your colleagues hope you will enjoy the following pages and are, as ever, looking forward to your straightforward comments. Alexander Lubotsky Jos Schaeken Jeroen Wiedenhof Leiden, 19 June 2006 &WJEFODFÛBOEÛ$PVOUFS&WJEFODF Û'FTUTDISJGUÛ'SFEFSJLÛ,PSUMBOEU Û7PMVNFÛ 44(-Û Û"NTUFSEBNÛÛ/FXÛ:PSLÛ3PEPQJ Û Û LIST OF PUBLICATIONS BY FREDERIK KORTLANDT In accordance with Frederik Kortlandt’s own conventions, this list is arranged chrono- logically by date of authorship rather than date of publication. An online version is available at www.kortlandt.nl, where full text versions of many publications, some as yet unpublished, can also be found. 1969 1 “The semantics of the Russian verb”. Review of: Ju.D. Apresjan, Èksperimental’noe issledovanie semantiki russkogo glagola (Moskva: Nauka, 1967). Lingua 27/1 (1971), 53-81. 2 “Exacte methoden in de linguïstiek”. Raster 3/2 (1969), 153-161. 1970 3 “Sur l’identification des unités phonologiques du castillan”. Lin- guistics 111 (1973), 43-50. 4 “Phonetics and phonemics of standard Russian”. Tijdschrift voor Slavische Taal- en Letterkunde 2 (1973), 73-83. 5 “O fonologii sovremennogo pol’skogo literaturnogo jazyka”. Revue Roumaine de Linguistique 19/1 (1974), 53-58. 1971 6 “Russian conjugation: Computer synthesis of Russian verb forms”. Tijdschrift voor Slavische Taal- en Letterkunde 1 (1972), 51-80. 6a Russian conjugation: Computer synthesis of Russian verbal forms (Lisse: Peter de Ridder, 1976). 7 Modelling the phoneme: New trends in East European phonemic theory (The Hague: Mouton, 1972). 1972 8 “The identification of phonemic units”. La Linguistique 9/2 (1973), 119-130. 9 “Optional features in contemporary Russian”. In: A.G.F. van Holk (ed.), Dutch contributions to the 7th international congress of slavists (The Hague: Mouton, 1973), 107-114. 10 The flexion of the Russian substantive. (ms.) -*45Û0'Û16#-*$"5*0/4Û#:Û'3&%&3*,Û,035-"/%5 1973 11 “Tones in Wakashan”. Dutch contributions to the 8th international con- ference on Salish languages (Leiden, 1973) [n.p.]. 11a “Tones in Wakashan”. Linguistics 146 (1975), 31-34. 12 “Russian nominal flexion”. Linguistics 130 (1974), 55-70. 13 “On the history of Baltic accentuation”. In: J.M. Anderson and Ch. Jones (eds.), Historical linguistics II (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1974), 295-309. 14 Slavic accentuation: A study in relative chronology (Lisse: Peter de Ridder, 1975). 14a Slavic accentuation: A study in relative chronology. Preprint (Amster- dam, 1974). 1974 15 “Old Prussian accentuation”. Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachfor- schung 88/2 (1974), 299-306. 16 “A note on Shuswap phonemics”. Dutch contributions to the 9th in- ternational conference on Salish languages (Leiden, 1974) [n.p.]. 17 “The Slovene neo-circumflex”. The Slavonic and East European Re- view 54/134 (1976), 1-10. 18 “Notes on Armenian historical phonology I”. Studia Caucasica 3 (1976), 91-100. [Reprinted with comments in item no. 194, 1-9.] 19 “Initial *u in Baltic and Slavic”. Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprach- forschung 91/1 (1977), 37-40. 1975 20 “A note on the Armenian palatalization”. Zeitschrift für vergleichen- de Sprachforschung 89/1 (1975), 43-45. [Reprinted with comments in item no. 194, 10-12.] 21 “Jers and nasal vowels in the Freising Fragments”. SlavistiĴna Re- vija 23 (1975), 405-412. 22 “Albanian and Armenian”. Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachfor- schung 94 (1980), 243-251. [Reprinted with comments in item no. 194, 13-19.] 23 “I.-E. palatovelars before resonants in Balto-Slavic”. In: J. Fisiak (ed.), Recent developments in historical phonology