A One Pass Algorithm for Compiling ALGOL 68 Declarations
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Computer Managed Instruction in Navy Training. INSTITUTION Naval Training Equipment Center, Orlando, Fla
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 089 780 IR 000 505 AUTHOR Middleton, Morris G.; And Others TITLE Computer Managed Instruction in Navy Training. INSTITUTION Naval Training Equipment Center, Orlando, Fla. Training Analysis and Evaluation Group. REPORT NO NAVTRADQUIPCEN-TAEG-14 PUB DATE Mar 74 NOTE 107p. ERRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$5.40 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *Computer Assisted Instruction; Computers; Cost Effectiveness; Costs; *Educational Programs; *Feasibility Studies; Individualized Instruction; *Management; *Military Training; Pacing; Programing Languages; State of the Art Reviews IDENTIFIERS CMI; *Computer Managed Instruction; Minicomputers; Shipboard Computers; United States Navy ABSTRACT An investigation was made of the feasibility of computer-managed instruction (CMI) for the Navy. Possibilities were examined regarding a centralized computer system for all Navy training, minicomputers for remote classes, and shipboard computers for on-board training. The general state of the art and feasibility of CMI were reviewed, alternative computer languages and terminals studied, and criteria developed for selecting courses for CMI. Literature reviews, site visits, and a questionnaire survey were conducted. Results indicated that despite its high costs, CMI was necessary if a significant number of the more than 4000 Navy training courses were to become individualized and self-paced. It was concluded that the cost of implementing a large-scale centralized computer system for all training courses was prohibitive, but that the use of minicomputers for particular courses and for small, remote classes was feasible. It was also concluded that the use of shipboard computers for training was both desirable and technically feasible, but that this would require the acquisition of additional minicomputers for educational purposes since the existing shipboard equipment was both expensive to convert and already heavily used for other purposes. -
Typology of Programming Languages E Early Languages E
Typology of programming languages e Early Languages E Typology of programming languages Early Languages 1 / 71 The Tower of Babel Typology of programming languages Early Languages 2 / 71 Table of Contents 1 Fortran 2 ALGOL 3 COBOL 4 The second wave 5 The finale Typology of programming languages Early Languages 3 / 71 IBM Mathematical Formula Translator system Fortran I, 1954-1956, IBM 704, a team led by John Backus. Typology of programming languages Early Languages 4 / 71 IBM 704 (1956) Typology of programming languages Early Languages 5 / 71 IBM Mathematical Formula Translator system The main goal is user satisfaction (economical interest) rather than academic. Compiled language. a single data structure : arrays comments arithmetics expressions DO loops subprograms and functions I/O machine independence Typology of programming languages Early Languages 6 / 71 FORTRAN’s success Because: programmers productivity easy to learn by IBM the audience was mainly scientific simplifications (e.g., I/O) Typology of programming languages Early Languages 7 / 71 FORTRAN I C FIND THE MEAN OF N NUMBERS AND THE NUMBER OF C VALUES GREATER THAN IT DIMENSION A(99) REAL MEAN READ(1,5)N 5 FORMAT(I2) READ(1,10)(A(I),I=1,N) 10 FORMAT(6F10.5) SUM=0.0 DO 15 I=1,N 15 SUM=SUM+A(I) MEAN=SUM/FLOAT(N) NUMBER=0 DO 20 I=1,N IF (A(I) .LE. MEAN) GOTO 20 NUMBER=NUMBER+1 20 CONTINUE WRITE (2,25) MEAN,NUMBER 25 FORMAT(11H MEAN = ,F10.5,5X,21H NUMBER SUP = ,I5) STOP TypologyEND of programming languages Early Languages 8 / 71 Fortran on Cards Typology of programming languages Early Languages 9 / 71 Fortrans Typology of programming languages Early Languages 10 / 71 Table of Contents 1 Fortran 2 ALGOL 3 COBOL 4 The second wave 5 The finale Typology of programming languages Early Languages 11 / 71 ALGOL, Demon Star, Beta Persei, 26 Persei Typology of programming languages Early Languages 12 / 71 ALGOL 58 Originally, IAL, International Algebraic Language. -
A Politico-Social History of Algolt (With a Chronology in the Form of a Log Book)
A Politico-Social History of Algolt (With a Chronology in the Form of a Log Book) R. w. BEMER Introduction This is an admittedly fragmentary chronicle of events in the develop ment of the algorithmic language ALGOL. Nevertheless, it seems perti nent, while we await the advent of a technical and conceptual history, to outline the matrix of forces which shaped that history in a political and social sense. Perhaps the author's role is only that of recorder of visible events, rather than the complex interplay of ideas which have made ALGOL the force it is in the computational world. It is true, as Professor Ershov stated in his review of a draft of the present work, that "the reading of this history, rich in curious details, nevertheless does not enable the beginner to understand why ALGOL, with a history that would seem more disappointing than triumphant, changed the face of current programming". I can only state that the time scale and my own lesser competence do not allow the tracing of conceptual development in requisite detail. Books are sure to follow in this area, particularly one by Knuth. A further defect in the present work is the relatively lesser availability of European input to the log, although I could claim better access than many in the U.S.A. This is regrettable in view of the relatively stronger support given to ALGOL in Europe. Perhaps this calmer acceptance had the effect of reducing the number of significant entries for a log such as this. Following a brief view of the pattern of events come the entries of the chronology, or log, numbered for reference in the text. -
Language-Parametric Methods for Developing
Gabriël Ditmar Primo Konat was born in The Language-Parametric Methods for Developing Interactive Programming Systems Language-Parametric Methods for Developing Interactive Programming Hague, the Netherlands. In 2009, he received his BSc in Computer Science from the Institute of Ap- Invitation plied Sciences in Rijswijk. In 2012, he received his MSc in Computer Science from Delft University of Technology (TUDelft). From 2012 to 2018, he was Language-Parametric a Ph.D. student with the Programming Languages Methods for Developing group at TUDelft, under supervision of Eelco Viss- Interactive Programming er and Sebastian Erdweg. His work focuses on lan- Systems guage workbenches and incremental build systems. Gabriël Konat [email protected] You are cordially invited to the public defense of my dissertation on Monday, November 18th, 2019 at 3pm. At 2:30pm, I will give a brief presentation summarizing my dissertation. The defense will take place in the Senaatszaal of the Delft University of Technology Auditorium, Mekelweg 5, 2628 CC Delft, the Netherlands Afterwards, there will be a Gabriël Konat Language-Parametric Methods for reception. Developing Interactive Programming Systems Gabriël Konat Propositions accompanying the dissertation Language-Parametric Methods for Developing Interactive Programming Systems by Gabriël Ditmar Primo Konat 1. Language-parametric methods for developing interactive programming sys- tems are feasible and useful. (This dissertation) 2. Compilers of general-purpose languages must be bootstrapped with fixpoint bootstrapping. (This dissertation) 3. Manually implementing an incremental system must be avoided. (This dissertation) 4. Like chemists need lab assistants, computer scientists need software engineers to support them in research, teaching, and application in industry. 5. -
Evidence and Counter-Evidence : Essays in Honour of Frederik
Evidence and Counter-Evidence Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics Series Editors: Peter Houtzagers · Janneke Kalsbeek · Jos Schaeken Editorial Advisory Board: R. Alexander (Berkeley) · A.A. Barentsen (Amsterdam) B. Comrie (Leipzig) - B.M. Groen (Amsterdam) · W. Lehfeldt (Göttingen) G. Spieß (Cottbus) - R. Sprenger (Amsterdam) · W.R. Vermeer (Leiden) Amsterdam - New York, NY 2008 Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, vol. 32 Evidence and Counter-Evidence Essays in honour of Frederik Kortlandt Volume 1: Balto-Slavic and Indo-European Linguistics edited by Alexander Lubotsky Jos Schaeken Jeroen Wiedenhof with the assistance of Rick Derksen and Sjoerd Siebinga Cover illustration: The Old Prussian Basel Epigram (1369) © The University of Basel. The paper on which this book is printed meets the requirements of “ISO 9706: 1994, Information and documentation - Paper for documents - Requirements for permanence”. ISBN: set (volume 1-2): 978-90-420-2469-4 ISBN: 978-90-420-2470-0 ©Editions Rodopi B.V., Amsterdam - New York, NY 2008 Printed in The Netherlands CONTENTS The editors PREFACE 1 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS BY FREDERIK KORTLANDT 3 ɽˏ˫˜ˈ˧ ɿˈ˫ː˧ˮˬː˧ ʡ ʤʡʢʡʤʦɿʄʔʦʊʝʸʟʡʞ ʔʒʩʱʊʟʔʔ ʡʅʣɿʟʔʱʔʦʊʝʸʟʷʮ ʄʣʊʞʊʟʟʷʮ ʤʡʻʒʡʄ ʤʝɿʄʼʟʤʘʔʮ ʼʒʷʘʡʄ 23 Robert S.P. Beekes PALATALIZED CONSONANTS IN PRE-GREEK 45 Uwe Bläsing TALYSCHI RöZ ‘SPUR’ UND VERWANDTE: EIN BEITRAG ZUR IRANISCHEN WORTFORSCHUNG 57 Václav Blažek CELTIC ‘SMITH’ AND HIS COLLEAGUES 67 Johnny Cheung THE OSSETIC CASE SYSTEM REVISITED 87 Bardhyl Demiraj ALB. RRUSH, ON RAGUSA UND GR. ͽΚ̨ 107 Rick Derksen QUANTITY PATTERNS IN THE UPPER SORBIAN NOUN 121 George E. Dunkel LUVIAN -TAR AND HOMERIC ̭ш ̸̫ 137 José L. García Ramón ERERBTES UND ERSATZKONTINUANTEN BEI DER REKON- STRUKTION VON INDOGERMANISCHEN KONSTRUKTIONS- MUSTERN: IDG. -
Latest Results from the Procedure Calling Test, Ackermann's Function
Latest results from the procedure calling test, Ackermann’s function B A WICHMANN National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex Division of Information Technology and Computing March 1982 Abstract Ackermann’s function has been used to measure the procedure calling over- head in languages which support recursion. Two papers have been written on this which are reproduced1 in this report. Results from further measurements are in- cluded in this report together with comments on the data obtained and codings of the test in Ada and Basic. 1 INTRODUCTION In spite of the two publications on the use of Ackermann’s Function [1, 2] as a mea- sure of the procedure-calling efficiency of programming languages, there is still some interest in the topic. It is an easy test to perform and the large number of results ob- tained means that an implementation can be compared with many other systems. The purpose of this report is to provide a listing of all the results obtained to date and to show their relationship. Few modern languages do not provide recursion and hence the test is appropriate for measuring the overheads of procedure calls in most cases. Ackermann’s function is a small recursive function listed on page 2 of [1] in Al- gol 60. Although of no particular interest in itself, the function does perform other operations common to much systems programming (testing for zero, incrementing and decrementing integers). The function has two parameters M and N, the test being for (3, N) with N in the range 1 to 6. Like all tests, the interpretation of the results is not without difficulty. -
Tops-10 Monitor Calls Manual, Vol. 1
TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual Volume 1 AA-097 4G-TB October 1988 This manual describes the functions that the monitor performs to service monitor calls from assembly language programs. The TOPS-10 Monitor Calls Manual Is divided Into two volumes: Volume 1 covers the facilities and functions of the monitor; Volume 2 describes the- monitor calls, calling sequences, symbols, and GETTAB tables. This manual supe-rsedes the previous manual of the same name, SOC order number AA-0974F-TB. Operating System: . TOPS-10 Version 7.04 Software: GALAXY Version 5.1 digital equipment corporation maynard, massachusetts First Printing, November 1975 Revised, May 1977 Revised, January 1978 Revised, August 1980 Revised, February 1984 Revised, April 1986 Revised, October 1988 The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license. No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated companies. Copyright © 1975, 1984, 1988 Digital Equipment Corporation All Rights Reserved. Printed in U.S.A. The Reader's Comments form on the last page of this document requests the user's critical evaluation to assist in preparing future documentation. The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation: CI DECtape LA50 SITGO-10 DDCMP DECUS LN01 TOPS-10 DEC DECwriter LN03 TOPS-20 DECmail DELNI MASSBUS TOPS-20AN DECnet DELUA PDP UNIBUS DECnet-VAX HSC PDP-11/24 UETP DECserver HSC-50 PrintServer VAX DECserver 100 KA10 PrintServer 40 VAXNMS DECserver 200 KI Q-bus VT50 DECsystem-10 KL10 AeGIS DECSYSTEM-20 KS10 RSX ~BmBDmDTM CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO MONITOR CALLS 1.1 MONITOR CALL SYMBOLS . -
International Standard ISO/IEC 14977
ISO/IEC 14977 : 1996(E) Contents Page Foreword ................................................ iii Introduction .............................................. iv 1Scope:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 2 Normative references :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 3 Definitions :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 4 The form of each syntactic element of Extended BNF :::::::::: 1 4.1 General........................................... 2 4.2 Syntax............................................ 2 4.3 Syntax-rule........................................ 2 4.4 Definitions-list...................................... 2 4.5 Single-definition . 2 4.6 Syntactic-term...................................... 2 4.7 Syntacticexception.................................. 2 4.8 Syntactic-factor..................................... 2 4.9 Integer............................................ 2 4.10 Syntactic-primary.................................... 2 4.11 Optional-sequence................................... 3 4.12 Repeatedsequence................................... 3 4.13 Grouped sequence . 3 4.14 Meta-identifier...................................... 3 4.15 Meta-identifier-character............................... 3 4.16 Terminal-string...................................... 3 4.17 First-terminal-character................................ 3 4.18 Second-terminal-character . 3 4.19 Special-sequence.................................... 3 4.20 Special-sequence-character............................. 3 4.21 Empty-sequence.................................... -
Stan-(X-249-71 December 1971
S U326 P23-17 AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF COMPILERS . BY BARY W. POLLACK STAN-(X-249-71 DECEMBER 1971 - COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT School of Humanities and Sciences STANFORD UNIVERS II-Y An Annotated Bibliography on the Construction of Compilers* 1971 Bary W. Pollack Computer Science Department Stanford University This bibliography is divided into 9 sections: 1. General Information on Compiling Techniques 2. Syntax- and Base-Directed Parsing c 30 Brsing in General 4. Resource Allocation 59 Errors - Detection and Correction 6. Compiler Implementation in General - 79 Details of Compiler Construction 8. Additional Topics 9* Miscellaneous Related References Within each section the entries are alphabetical by author. Keywords describing the entry will be found for each entry set off by pound signs (*#). Some amount of cross-referencing has been done; e.g., entries which fall into Section 3 as well as Section 7 will generally be found in both sections. However, entries will be found listed only under the principle or first author's name. Computing Review citations are given following the annotation when available. "this research was supported by the Atomic Energy Commission, Project ~~-326~23. Available from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Virginia 22151. 0 l/03/72 16:44:58 COMPILER CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES PACFl 1, 1 ANNOTATED RTBLIOGRAPHY GENERAL INFORMATION ON COMP?LING TECHNIQOES Abrahams, P, W. Symbol manipulation languages. Advances in Computers, Vol 9 (196R), Sl-111, Academic Press, N. Y. ? languages Ic Anonymous. Philosophies for efficient processor construction. ICC Dull, I, 2 (July W62), 85-89. t processors t CR 4536. -
Compiler Construction
Compiler construction PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 10 Dec 2011 02:23:02 UTC Contents Articles Introduction 1 Compiler construction 1 Compiler 2 Interpreter 10 History of compiler writing 14 Lexical analysis 22 Lexical analysis 22 Regular expression 26 Regular expression examples 37 Finite-state machine 41 Preprocessor 51 Syntactic analysis 54 Parsing 54 Lookahead 58 Symbol table 61 Abstract syntax 63 Abstract syntax tree 64 Context-free grammar 65 Terminal and nonterminal symbols 77 Left recursion 79 Backus–Naur Form 83 Extended Backus–Naur Form 86 TBNF 91 Top-down parsing 91 Recursive descent parser 93 Tail recursive parser 98 Parsing expression grammar 100 LL parser 106 LR parser 114 Parsing table 123 Simple LR parser 125 Canonical LR parser 127 GLR parser 129 LALR parser 130 Recursive ascent parser 133 Parser combinator 140 Bottom-up parsing 143 Chomsky normal form 148 CYK algorithm 150 Simple precedence grammar 153 Simple precedence parser 154 Operator-precedence grammar 156 Operator-precedence parser 159 Shunting-yard algorithm 163 Chart parser 173 Earley parser 174 The lexer hack 178 Scannerless parsing 180 Semantic analysis 182 Attribute grammar 182 L-attributed grammar 184 LR-attributed grammar 185 S-attributed grammar 185 ECLR-attributed grammar 186 Intermediate language 186 Control flow graph 188 Basic block 190 Call graph 192 Data-flow analysis 195 Use-define chain 201 Live variable analysis 204 Reaching definition 206 Three address -
17191931.Pdf
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/113622 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2017-12-06 and may be subject to change. Description and Analysis of Static Semantics by Fixed Point Equations Description and Analysis of Static Semantics by Fixed Point Equations Een wetenschappelijke proeve op het gebied van de Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Katholieke Universiteit te Nijmegen, volgens besluit van college van decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen maandag 3 april 1989, des namiddags te 1.30 uur precies door Matthias Paul Gerhard Moritz geboren op 13 mei 1951 te Potsdam-Babelsberg druk: Bloembergen Santee bv, Nijmegen Promotor: Prof. C.H.A. Koster ISBN 90-9002752-1 © 1989, M. Moritz, The Netherlands I am grateful to many present and former members of the Nijmegen Informatics Department for numerous constructive dis cussions and for their comments on earlier drafts of this thesis. Contents Contents 1 1 Introduction 5 1.1 A Personal View 6 1.2 Description and Implementation 9 1.2.1 Syntax of Programming Languages 10 1.2.2 Semantics of Programming Languages ... 11 1.2.3 Static Semantics of Programming Languages 12 1.3 Our Aim 13 1.4 Overview 14 1.5 Related Work 15 2 Posets and Lattices 19 2.1 Partially Ordered Sets 19 2.2 Functions on Partially Ordered Sets 24 2.3 Construction of Posets 25 2.4 Lattices 29 2.5 Construction of Complete Lattices 31 2.6 Reflexive Lattices 34 1 2 CONTENTS 2.7 Functions on Lattices 35 2.8 Fixed Points 38 3 Description of Systems by Graphs 41 3.1 Graphs and Systems 42 3.1.1 Graph Schemes 42 3.1.2 Graph Structures 44 3.2 Functions on Graphs . -
The History of the ALGOL Effort
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Department of Mathematics and Computer Science The History of the ALGOL Effort by HT de Beer supervisors: C. Hemerik L.M.M. Royakkers Eindhoven, August 2006 Abstract This report studies the importancy of the ALGOL effort for computer science. Therefore the history of the ALGOL effort is told, starting with the compu- tational context of the 1950s when the ALGOL effort was initiated. Second, the development from IAL to ALGOL 60 and the role the BNF played in this development are discussed. Third, the translation of ALGOL 60 and the establishment of the scientific field of translator writing are treated. Finally, the period of ALGOL 60 maintenance and the subsequent period of creating a successor to ALGOL 60 are described. ii Preface This history on the ALGOL effort was written as a Master thesis in Com- puter Science and Engineering (Technische Informatica) at the Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands. iii Contents Abstract ii Preface iii Contents iv 0 Introduction 1 0.0 On the sources used ........................ 2 0.1 My own perspective ........................ 3 0.2 The ALGOL effort: a definition .................. 4 0.3 Notes ................................ 4 1 Creation 5 1.0 The start of the ALGOL effort ................... 5 1.1 The need for a universal algorithmic language ........... 7 1.1.0 The American field of computing ............. 7 1.1.1 The European field of computing ............. 9 1.1.2 The difference between Europe and the USA and the need for universalism ...................... 11 1.2 Why was IAL chosen over other algorithmic languages? ..... 11 1.2.0 IT ............................