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EZEKIEL the LORD’S Judgment & Restoration Bible Study 2020/2021; Tuesdays, 12:00-1:00 P.M

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EZEKIEL the LORD’S Judgment & Restoration Bible Study 2020/2021; Tuesdays, 12:00-1:00 P.M EZEKIEL The LORD’s Judgment & Restoration Bible Study 2020/2021; Tuesdays, 12:00-1:00 p.m. by Zoom Class #25, March 23, 2021 The Conscience of Kings Ezekiel 28:1-10; 28:11-19; 29:1-16; 29:17-21; 30:20-26; 31:1-18; 32:1-16 Notes, observations, and questions on Ezekiel 28:1-19 The Oracles Against the Prince of Tyre 1. Chapter 28 is one of the most intriguing and most difficult chapters in the book. But the central message of the chapter is clear: Human hubris must be answered by divine judgment. 2. vv 1-10, the announcement of doom for the prince of Tyre a. God charges Ezekiel to speak directly to the prince of Tyre. The charge against this prince is simple and direct: you have become arrogant. (1) First, he claims to be divine. (2) Second, he claims divine authority. (3) Third, the prince claims divine intelligence. He thinks he’s wiser even than Daniel, Ezekiel’s famous fellow exile known for his wisdom and intelligence. b. The wisdom that had brought this prince his wealth led to pride. c. Since he has claimed the status of a god, he must put up with the treatment of a god at the hands of invaders. (1) The nations will attack the source of his pride—the symbols of his wealth and glory. (2) The invaders will desecrate the prince’s splendor. (3) The invaders will send the prince down to the Pit. d. The prince will be consigned in the Pit to the uncircumcised, which meant to the most undesirable part of the netherworld. 3. 11-19, the lament over the king of Tyre a. The same ruler (prince/king) is being addressed here in the lament God raises over him. b. The king is compared to a seal or signet (v 12). Seals were used for a variety of purposes: as pledges, for adornment, and especially to seal letters and legal documents. The seal signified authority. Possession of a seal of a superior was a mark of great honor, signifying that one had been deputized to sign documents on his or her behalf. Verse 14b suggests that this signet (that is, this king) was deputized to represent divinity in paradise. c. The exceptional quality of this seal is highlighted. His identification as a seal points to his special status, conferred by one higher than himself. d. He’s first compared to Eden (v 13a). This draws upon the well-known biblical tradition of the Garden of God as an ideal realm of prosperity and joy. He is also adorned himself with gemstones (13b). He’s God’s creative work (13c). e. Furthermore, he is identified as a guardian cherub (14a). The second half of this verse locates the cherub on the holy mountain of God. How can he be in the Garden and on the mountain at the same time? It must be that the Garden is on the mountain. Eden is located on the holy mountain of Jerusalem! And he walks back and forth among beautiful stones, contributing to the magnificence and brilliance of the picture. The king is Yahweh’s officially designated signet, his guardian cherub, his gardener. f. But with v 15, this sounds more like a judgment oracle. In short, the king’s glory went to his head; his soul rotted within him (vv 15-16b). God has every right to punish the king. g. In v 17, we learn the king’s fundamental defect: the king’s beauty has produced hubris in his heart, and the brilliance of his life has corrupted his wisdom. God throws him down and banishes the king to Sheol (vv 17-19). The proud ruler, the envy of the nations, is gone forever. 4. Theological implications a. The numerous allusions to Gen 1-3 link this cherub with the first man, Adam. Like the king of Tyre, Adam was created by God, was divinely authorized to rule over the Garden as king, but was punished for his pride and disobedience. So the king represents the danger of the sin of pride for every man and woman. b. Many have seen this chapter as based on the tradition of an angelic “fall,” closely associated with the fall of humanity. Since the time of the Church Fathers, many have equated the king of Tyre with Lucifer (Satan), the brilliant one mentioned in Isaiah 14:12. Others however read this only historically, that is, the king here is really the king of Tyre. But these interpretations side-by-side show us how Scripture has a fullness that can never be exhausted in our study of it. c. Pride goes before a fall. d. God is the Lord of all history. Notes, observations, and questions on Ezekiel 29:1-16 The Oracle Against Pharaoh, the Crocodile of the Nile 1. Ezekiel now turns to Egypt for the next four chapters. Like his contemporary Jeremiah, Ezekiel is more interested in Egypt than in any other foreign nation. That’s most likely because the Judeans had appealed to Egypt for their help against the Babylonians. Any such outside interference to Nebuchadnezzar’s divinely ordained campaign against Judah to punish her is seen as a challenge to God’s plan. Of course, Egypt had been involved in Israelite affairs for more then a 1,000 years, ever since the Exodus. Many of the kings of Israel later entered into alliances with Egypt. 2. The opening date fixes the time of Ezekiel’s first prophecy against Egypt at January 7, 587 BC. That’s almost one year after the commencement of Nebuchadnezzar’s siege of Jerusalem (24:1) and two years before the fugitive brings news of the fall of the city to the exiles (33:21). The oracle here is addressed individually to Pharaoh, king of Egypt. Hophra was the Pharaoh at that time. 3. Ezekiel uses a satirical form to deride Pharaoh. Specifically, he uses animal imagery to tell a story of intensified reversal—a gargantuan figure is reduced to nothing (vv 3-6a). (1) He calls the king “the great dragon,” and that term literally means a “great crocodile.” But it also conveys the meaning of a great sea monster, like the Leviathan in the OT. Pharaoh acts arrogantly, as if he’s the divine owner of the Nile. (2) But God will punish him. Yahweh will catch and cast out this crocodile. (3) This glorious lord of the Nile is not match for the LORD. 4. In v 6b, the judgment of Egypt moves to a second phase. The charges against Pharaoh become specific, and his interference in Israelite affairs becomes the critical issue. 5. Egypt cannot help Judah; it’s only a “reed crutch” which would prove worthless for the house of Israel. 6. We learn of Yahweh’s plans to deal with Egypt in vv 9b-12. First, the crocodile has been reduced to nothing. Second, God’s opposition is extended to the channels of the Nile. God will turn the land into wasteland. The waste will last 40 years to punish a generation that had dared to interfere with Yahweh’s plans for Judah and the Babylonians. 7. At the end of the 40 years, the Egyptians are offered a ray of hope. God will not be angry with Egypt forever. He will restore their fortunes (vv 14-15). However, they will never again regain their past glory. Through it all, they will recognize the LORD. 8. Theological implications a. Yahweh is the ruler of all history. Nations rise and fall according to his purposes. b. Those who stand in the way of God’s plans render themselves his enemies. Notes, observations, and questions on Ezekiel 29:17-21 The Land of Egypt: Nebuchadnezzar’s Consolation Prize 1. Ezekiel received from the LORD this oracle against Egypt on New Year’s Day in 27th year of Jehoiachin’s (and Ezekiel’s) exile. This makes it April 26, 571 BC. This is the latest of all the oracles the prophet receives. 2. The Babylonians besieged Tyre for 13 long years. The baldness and raw shoulders mentioned here were the effects of carrying vast amounts of dirt required to construct siege mounds and ramps. 3. The portrayal here of Yahweh has a superior who has engaged mercenaries to carry out his agenda is remarkable. But Nebuchadnezzar did not completely destroy Tyre at that time. Was the LORD’s plan then thwarted? Did this make Ezekiel look like a false prophet in the eyes of the exiles? No, the discrepancy between this oracle and the original messages against Tyre merely demonstrates the LORD’s absolute freedom of movement. He will be coerced by no one. 4. As vv 19-20 affirm, even if Yahweh’s plans have been altered, he has forgotten not his word nor his agent. God is handing the Babylonians the wealth and land of Egypt. We know from historical records that within a couple of years of this prophecy, Nebuchadnezzar marched against Egypt and was victorious. 5. In the section’s concluding v 21, we first hear one of the great Messianic promises and prophecies in the Book of Ezekiel. God will cause “a horn to spring up for the house of Israel.” Such a “horn” clearly points to the Messiah in Psalm 132:17 and in the Book of Daniel. Such hope! Secondly, God promises to open Ezekiel’s lips, affirming his prophetic status as a spokesman for the LORD. 6. Theological implications a. God often uses human agents for the achievement of God’s agenda in the world.
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