DOCSLIB.ORG

Strategies for Water Hyacinth Control

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Strategies for Water Hyacinth Control Report of a Panel of Experts Meeting 11-14 September, 1995 Fort Lauderdale, Florida USA Edited by: R. Charudattan Ricardo Labrada Ted D. Center Christine Kelly-Begazo Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Rome, 1996 Published in collaboration with the: University of Florida, Gainesville Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences International Programs for Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources and the USDA/ARS Aquatic Plant Control Research Laboratory Fort Lauderdale, Florida TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction International Expert Consultation on Strategies for Water Hyacinth Control: Background and Justification R. Labrada, R. Charudattan, and T.D. Center Status of Water Hyacinth in Developing Countries R. Labrada Region A - West Africa: Benin, Ghana, and West Africa Biological Control of Water Hyacinth in Benin, West Africa P. Neuenschwander, O. Ajuonu, and V. Schade Integrated Control of Aquatic Weeds in Ghana K.A.A. de Graft Johnson The Water Hyacinth Problem in West Africa and Proposals for Control Strategies A.H. Pieterse, A. Mangane, M. Traoré, G. van de Klashorst, and P.J. van Rijn Region B - East and Southern Africa: Malawi, South Africa, and Uganda The Water Hyacinth Problem in Mala _i and Foreseen Methods of Control P.J. Terry An Integrated Water Hyacinth Control Program on the Vaal River, in a Cool, High Altitude Area in South Africa C.J. Cilliers, P.L. Campbell, D. Naude, and S. Neser Water Hyacinth: Its Problems and the Means of Control in Uganda F.L. Orach-Meza Region C - Australia An Outline of Water Hyacinth Control in Australia A.D. Wright Region D - North America: Mexico and USA Water Hyacinth Problems in Mexico and Practised Methods for Control E. Gutierrez López, R. Huerto Delgadillo, and M. Martínez Jiménez Operational Aspects of Chemical, Mechanical and Biological Control of Water Hyacinth in the United States W.T. Haller Water Hyacinth Control Program in USA Al. F. Cofrancesco Biological Control of Water Hyacinth in the United States T.D. Center Special Section: New and Additional Agents for Biological Control and Steps in Implementing Integrated Management Programs Recommendations for Finding and Prioritizing New Agents for Biocontrol of Water Hyacinth H.A. Cordo Pathogens for Biological Control of Water Hyacinth R. Charudattan Steps in Implementing Integrated Management Programs Against Water Hyacinth S. Nesser Conclusions and Recommendations of the Expert Panel: Intergrated Control of Water Hyacinth in Developing Countries with Emphasis on Biological Control List of Participants Appendix: Meeting Agenda Acknowledgements 1 INTERNATIONAL EXPERT CONSULTATION ON STRATEGIES FOR WATER HYACINTH CONTROL: BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION R. Labrada 1, R. Charudattan 2, and T.D. Center 3 1Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy, 2Plant Pathology Department, Center for Aquatic Plants, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, and 3USDA-ARS Aquatic Plant Control Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, Florida One of the major problems in water bodies of the tropics and sub-tropics is the floating aquatic weed water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes , which is considered to have originated from the Amazon and has disseminated very quickly in various tropical and sub-tropical countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, Southeast Asia and the Pacific. The level of reproduction of water hyacinth is very high in countries where the plant has recently been introduced. The explosive growth rate of the weed is due, to a large extent, to the eutrophication in water bodies. In addition, the absence of natural enemies of the plant contributes to the rapid growth of this weed. It is well known that biological control is one of the most successful methods to control water hyacinth. The method, practised for example successfully in Australia through the regular release of the weevils Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi , and the moth Sameodes albiguttalis , has been recently adopted in some countries of Latin America and Africa and it is expected to have the same impact as in Australia. However, in many countries the water bodies present very heavy infestations in different sites (fish landing areas, docks, hydroelectric power stations, rivers and dams), and there is a general consensus that other short-term control measures should also be implemented to reduce the weed stands and also to benefit the growth of natural enemies for successful biological control. Among the short-term control measures there are physical (mechanical and manual) removal and chemical control. All have serious constraints for implementation in water bodies of developing countries of the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Mechanical removal requires the purchase of harvesters, many of them too costly for most of developing countries. Manual removal requires a large labour force, and Governments of the developing world do not always have the means to pay for this operation. Chemical control, through the use of certain herbicides such as 2,4-D or glyphosate, seems to be an economically feasible option in some countries, but not in others with less economic development. In addition, in many countries public opinion is strongly against the use of chemicals in water, which is used for drinking purposes. 2 FAO, taking into consideration the seriousness of the problem and the need to develop a strategy for integrated water hyacinth control, has decided to organize, in close cooperation with USDA and University of Florida, the present expert technical consultation. EXPECTED OUTPUTS 1. Suitable guidelines for water hyacinth control in developing countries of the tropical and sub- tropical regions. These guidelines should clearly indicate the strategy for implementing available control methods. 2. An updated status report of biological control of water hyacinth (natural enemies and methods for rearing and release available) giving relevant advice on ways for its rapid implementation and success in countries of the developing world. PARTICIPANTS Outstanding specialists on water hyacinth control from countries and/or institutions (such as CSIRO, Australia; IITA, Benin; Royal KIT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Long Ashton Research Station, University of Bristol and IIBC, UK) and several others from the University of Florida and USDA will actively participate in this meeting. Some other specialists from selected ongoing projects on water hyacinth control have also been invited whose participation may give the necessary background to discussions and debates. These are specialists from Uganda (Lake Victoria), Ghana and Mexico who work closely on water hyacinth control. 3 STATUS OF WATER HYACINTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES R. Labrada Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy SUMMARY The present paper briefly describes the problems caused by water hyacinth in various countries of Africa and Latin America. It also describes the actions undertaken by FAO and other agencies and/or institutions regarding the implementation of programs for the control of this floating aquatic weed. The constraints posed by all available control methods are discussed. It is considered that, under certain circumstances, biological control of the weed alone will not be sufficient to effectively reduce the weed stand in a relatively short period of time. Therefore, an integrated approach for the control of the weed is recommended which may consist of mechanical and/or systematic manual removal, and the use of herbicides in particular infested sites. Each method has its own economic and environmental constraints, and practical advice is needed on where and how to use short-term control methods to complement the effect of biological control. INTRODUCTION It is not necessary to reiterate the noxious effects caused by the floating weed, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes ). There are already many papers giving valuable information about the effects of water hyacinth on water loss through evaporation, obstruction of navigation and fishing, and blockage of irrigation and drainage systems (Achmad, 1971; Desougi & Obeid, 1978; Gopal, 1987; Holm et al ., 1991). Here I prefer to give an overview of the areas infested by water hyacinth in various parts of the developing world, problems caused to their national economies, and constraints to overcome them. Another aspect to be discussed is the feasibility of implementing specific control methods. There is no doubt that biological control should be the key component in any program for the control of water hyacinth. Biocontrol is an economically feasible and environmentally viable option to control water hyacinth and other aquatic weeds. However, in certain situations, biological control practised alone succeeds only after several years of implementation, and whereas what is needed in some areas of commercial value is drastic reduction in the weed population in short periods of time. Countries and Water Bodies Infested by Water Hyacinth If one looks at the latest edition of "The World's Worst Weeds" edited by Holm et al (1991) it will be noted that the map of water hyacinth distribution (figure 24 of the book) has significantly changed during the last four years. According to this map most of West Africa, with the 4 exception of Nigeria, was free of water hyacinth, but the reality is that new countries of the sub- region, such as Niger, Benin, Ghana, Ivory Coast and Mali, should now be incorporated into the
Recommended publications
  • Historical Outline of Water Resources Development in the Lower Jordan River Basin1

    Historical Outline of Water Resources Development in the Lower Jordan River Basin1

    Historical Outline of Water Resources Development in the 1 Lower Jordan River Basin REBHIEH SULEIMAN Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, KTH (Royal Institute of Technology), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.Email:[email protected] ABSTRACT The Jordan River is a multinational river flowing southwards through Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan and Palestine. It is totally developed except for the flow of its largest tributary, the Yarmouk River2 which forms the boundary between Syria and Jordan before joining the Jordan River, downstream of Lake Tiberias, and forms the border between Israel, Palestine and Jordan. In this paper, the historical development of the Jordan River basin in Jordan, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (HKJ), is addressed, highlighting the most significant factors that have played a role in the process to date. Water for irrigation was and still constitutes the largest share of water use. Thus the focus of this paper is mainly on the exploitation of the water resources of the Jordan River basin in Jordan for irrigation purposes. The scope to cover other uses would be complementary. Artifacts and historical evidences indicate human presence in the basin 400,000 years ago, while cultivation was mastered about 10,000 years ago. Literature also indicates fluctuating periods of prospers, stagnation, and declining going though the period from Paleolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman-Nabataeans, Umayyad, Mamluk and Ottoman. However, the developmental momentum of the Jordan River in Jordan has taken place during the last forty years, when large-scale water development projects were initiated and implemented to harness water resources for irrigation.
  • NSW Weeds Conference Program

    NSW Weeds Conference Program

    16th NSW Weeds Conference Proceedings 18th - 21st of July, 2011 Pacific Bay Conference Centre, Coffs Harbour Proudly hosted by Thank you to our Gold Sponsors Silver Sponsor Bronze Sponsors Introduction: The NSW Weeds Conference held in Coffs harbour 18-22 June 2011, is the 16th in a series organised by NSW Department of Primary Industries in partnership with various other organisations. The 2011 Conference was organised in partnership with Coffs Harbour City Council, NSW North Coast Weeds Advisory Committee, The Weed Society of NSW Inc. and NSW Weed Officers Association. Organising Committee: Rod Ensbey, NSW Department of Primary Industries Birgitte Verbeek, NSW Department of Primary Industries Tony Cook, NSW Department of Primary Industries Warwick Felton, Weeds Society of New South Wales Inc. Tim Scanlon, National Parks & Wildlife Service Reece Luxton, Clarence Valley Council David Merrikin, Northern Rivers Catchment Management Authority Ian Turnbull, Bellingen Shire Council Barry Powells, Coffs Harbour City Council Conference organiser: Michelle Aubert, Coffs Harbour City Council Citation: Proceedings of 16th NSW Weeds Conference, Coffs Harbour, July 2011 Disclaimer: The contents of these proceedings have undergone limited editorial or peer review. Papers have been critiqued (reviewers) for incorrect information, excessively controversial content and politically sensitive or libellous information prior to their publication. Paper Reviewers: Rod Ensbey Birgitte Verbeek Elissa van Oosterhout Phillip Blackmore Alan Maguire Peter Gray Tony Cook ISBN 978 1 74256 211 7 Monday 18th of July Registration from 4.30pm – Foyer Pacific Bay Conference Centre. Welcome Reception 5.30pm – 7.00pm Amongst the trade display, Pacific Bay Conference Centre. Day 1 – Tuesday 19th of July Opening Session - Auditorium Chair Bruce Christie, Principal Director Biosecurity NSW DPI 8.30 Welcome to Country 8.35 Conference Welcome – Mayor Keith Rhoades, Coffs Harbour City Council, President of the Local Government Association 8.45 Conference Opening - Minister for Primary Industries, Hon.
  • Spatial Analysis for Spring Bloom and Nutrient Limitation in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir

    Spatial Analysis for Spring Bloom and Nutrient Limitation in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir

    Environ Monit Assess (2007) 127:135–145 DOI 10.1007/s10661-006-9267-9 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Spatial analysis for spring bloom and nutrient limitation in Xiangxi bay of three Gorges Reservoir L. Ye · X.Q. Han · Y.Y. Xu · Q.H. Cai Received: 14 December 2005 / Accepted: 18 April 2006 / Published online: 21 October 2006 C Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2006 Abstract The spatial and temporal dynamics of phys- of spring bloom. By comparing the interpolated maps ical variables, inorganic nutrients and phytoplankton of chlorophyll a and inorganic variables, obvious con- chlorophyll a were investigated in Xiangxi Bay from sumptions of Si and DIN were found when the bloom 23 Feb. to 28 Apr. every six days, including one daily status was serious. However, no obvious depletion of sampling site and one bidaily sampling site. The con- PO4P was found. Spatial regression analysis could ex- centrations of nutrient variables showed ranges of 0.02– plained most variation of Chl-a except at the begin of 3.20 mg/L for dissolved silicate (Si); 0.06–2.40 mg/L the first and second bloom. The result indicated that Si for DIN (NH4N + NO2N + NO3N); 0.03–0.56 mg/L was the factor limiting Chl-a in space before achieved for PO4P and 0.22–193.37 μg/L for chlorophyll a, the max area of hypertrophic in the first and second respectively. The concentration of chlorophyll a and bloom period. When Si was obviously exhausted, DIN inorganic nutrients were interpolated using GIS tech- became the factor limiting the Chl-a in space.
  • Invasive Alien Plants an Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent

    Invasive Alien Plants an Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent

    Invasive Alien Plants An Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent EDITED BY I.R. BHATT, J.S. SINGH, S.P. SINGH, R.S. TRIPATHI AND R.K. KOHL! 019eas Invasive Alien Plants An Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent FSC ...wesc.org MIX Paper from responsible sources `FSC C013604 CABI INVASIVE SPECIES SERIES Invasive species are plants, animals or microorganisms not native to an ecosystem, whose introduction has threatened biodiversity, food security, health or economic development. Many ecosystems are affected by invasive species and they pose one of the biggest threats to biodiversity worldwide. Globalization through increased trade, transport, travel and tour- ism will inevitably increase the intentional or accidental introduction of organisms to new environments, and it is widely predicted that climate change will further increase the threat posed by invasive species. To help control and mitigate the effects of invasive species, scien- tists need access to information that not only provides an overview of and background to the field, but also keeps them up to date with the latest research findings. This series addresses all topics relating to invasive species, including biosecurity surveil- lance, mapping and modelling, economics of invasive species and species interactions in plant invasions. Aimed at researchers, upper-level students and policy makers, titles in the series provide international coverage of topics related to invasive species, including both a synthesis of facts and discussions of future research perspectives and possible solutions. Titles Available 1.Invasive Alien Plants : An Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent Edited by J.R. Bhatt, J.S. Singh, R.S. Tripathi, S.P.
  • Pennsylvania State Water Plan Update of 2009

    Pennsylvania State Water Plan Update of 2009

    STATEWIDE WATER DEPARTMENT OF RESOURCES COMMITTEE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Dear Reader: As Chairperson of the Statewide Water Resources Committee and Acting Secretary of the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), we are pleased to present you with the Pennsylvania State Water Plan (Plan). The Plan is the culmination of more than five years of data gathering, analysis and research, and we believe that the Plan will prove to be a meaningful and useful tool that will benefit each and every Pennsylvanian. We would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the 169 members of the Statewide and Regional Water Resources Committees who graciously volunteered their time to oversee and participate in this process. Their input and expertise were invaluable to the development of the Plan, and we look forward to continuing working with them into the future. Following is the State Water Plan Principles which highlights the State Water Plan Priorities and Recommendations for Action, key components of the Plan that will carry us into the next five years and lay the groundwork for future versions of the Plan. The Plan in its entirety is also available on DEP’s worldwide Web site to further engage the public and provide the resources needed for anyone to make informed decisions about water resources management. By providing improved information to make more informed decisions, we can continue to make the commonwealth a great place to live, work and recreate, and still be surrounded by beautiful natural resources. Sincerely, Sincerely, Donald C. Bluedorn II John Hanger Chair Acting Secretary Statewide Water Resources Committee Department of Environmental Protection TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A Vision for Pennsylvania’s Future ..............................................................................................
  • Water Resource Management and Desalination Options for Small Communities in Arid and Semi-Arid Coastal Regions (Gaza)

    Water Resource Management and Desalination Options for Small Communities in Arid and Semi-Arid Coastal Regions (Gaza)

    RYEA\18655007WinaNssue01 Water Resource Management and Desalination Options for Small Communities in Arid and Semi-Arid Coastal Regions (Gaza) November 1996 Institute of Hydrology COPYRIGHTANDREPRODUCTION 0 AEA Technology plc, ETSU, 1996 Enquiries about copyright and reproduction shouldbe addressed to: Dr K J Brown, General Manager, ETSU, B156 Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 ORA,UK. RYEA\18655007\FinaNssue01 Water Resource Management and Desalination Options for Small Communities in Arid and Semi-Arid Coastal Regions (Gaza) A report produced for ODA November 1996 Title Water Resource Management andDesalination Options for SmallCommunities in Arid and Semi- Arid CoastalRe •om Gaza Customer ODA Customer reference ENA 9597966\333 \001 Confidentiality, This document has been preparedby AEA copyright and Technology plc in connection with a contract to reproduction su 1 oods and/or services. File reference Arecons\ ODA\ desalin\ final Reference number RYEA\ 18655007 ETSU Harwell Oxfordshire OX11 ORA Telephone 01235 433128 Facsimile01235 433213 AEATechnology is the trading name of AEATechnology plc AEATechnology is certified to IS09001 Report Manager Name MissG T Wilkins Checked by Name Dr W B Gillett Signature Ov Date , u. Approved by Name Dr D Martin Signature • • Date 111( q Water Management and DeaaMutton (('aza) ItYEA/18655007/finaVissue 1 04/11196 • PREFACE This report was commissioned by the ODA and was jointly funded by three departments within ODA (Engineering Division, Natural Resources and West Asia Departments). The team of consultants and specialists involved in producing this report comprised ETSU, The Institute of Hydrology, The British Geological Society, Richard Morris and Associates, Dubs Ltd and Light Works Ltd. The report aims to assess the viability of water management and desalination options for small communities in arid and semi-arid coastal regions and to identify any necessary developments required for the successful introduction of such options in these areas.
  • Download This Article in PDF Format

    Download This Article in PDF Format

    Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst. 2018, 419, 42 Knowledge & © K. Pabis, Published by EDP Sciences 2018 Management of Aquatic https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2018030 Ecosystems www.kmae-journal.org Journal fully supported by Onema REVIEW PAPER What is a moth doing under water? Ecology of aquatic and semi-aquatic Lepidoptera Krzysztof Pabis* Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland Abstract – This paper reviews the current knowledge on the ecology of aquatic and semi-aquatic moths, and discusses possible pre-adaptations of the moths to the aquatic environment. It also highlights major gaps in our understanding of this group of aquatic insects. Aquatic and semi-aquatic moths represent only a tiny fraction of the total lepidopteran diversity. Only about 0.5% of 165,000 known lepidopterans are aquatic; mostly in the preimaginal stages. Truly aquatic species can be found only among the Crambidae, Cosmopterigidae and Erebidae, while semi-aquatic forms associated with amphibious or marsh plants are known in thirteen other families. These lepidopterans have developed various strategies and adaptations that have allowed them to stay under water or in close proximity to water. Problems of respiratory adaptations, locomotor abilities, influence of predators and parasitoids, as well as feeding preferences are discussed. Nevertheless, the poor knowledge on their biology, life cycles, genomics and phylogenetic relationships preclude the generation of fully comprehensive evolutionary scenarios. Keywords: Lepidoptera / Acentropinae / caterpillars / freshwater / herbivory Résumé – Que fait une mite sous l'eau? Écologie des lépidoptères aquatiques et semi-aquatiques. Cet article passe en revue les connaissances actuelles sur l'écologie des mites aquatiques et semi-aquatiques, et discute des pré-adaptations possibles des mites au milieu aquatique.
  • 2 Floating Fern (Salvinia)

    2 Floating Fern (Salvinia)

    2 FLOATING FERN (SALVINIA) M. H. Julien,1 T. D. Center,2 and P. W. Tipping2 1 CSIRO Entomology, Indooroopilly, Australia 2 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA PEST STATUS OF WEED tats for vectors of human disease with serious socio- economic impacts. Salvinia molesta D. S. Mitchell is a floating fern na- In developing countries, the impact of salvinia tive to South America that in the last half of the twen- can be devastating because weed mats block the use tieth century spread widely throughout the tropics of waterways for transportation, cutting off access and subtropics, moved in part by the trade in orna- to important services, farm lands, and hunting mental plants for fish tanks and ponds. It forms dense grounds. The harm from salvinia mats to fisheries also mats over lakes and slow moving rivers and causes can be very significant to communities dependent on large economic losses and a wide range of ecological fish for local consumption (sometimes as the main problems to native species and communities. It is of source of protein) or in areas where fish sales are the interest in the United States because of its recent es- main source of cash income (Bennett, 1966; Thomas tablishment in east Texas. and Room, 1986). Salvinia also is a weed of paddy Nature of Damage rice that reduces production by competing for wa- ter, nutrients and space (Anon., 1987). Economic damage. Mats of S. molesta (referred to Ecological damage. The ability to grow very hereafter as salvinia) impede access to and use of wa- quickly (Cary and Weerts, 1983; Mitchell and Tur, terways for commercial and recreational purposes 1975; Mitchell, 1978/9; Room, 1986) and blanket wa- and degrade waterside aesthetics (Fig.
  • Political Economy and Ecology of Water Control – Dynamics of Water Policy Reform and Water Justice In

    Political Economy and Ecology of Water Control – Dynamics of Water Policy Reform and Water Justice In

    Pro gradu – Master’s Thesis Political economy and ecology of water control – dynamics of water policy reform and water justice in Taita Hills, South-Eastern Kenya Marinka Räsänen University of Jyväskylä Department of Biological and Environmental Science Environmental Science and Technology with a specialization in Development and International Cooperation 4.12.2015 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ, Faculty of Science Department of Biological and Environmental Science Environmental Science and Technology, Development and International Cooperation Master’s program RÄSÄNEN (née LEPPÄNEN), MARINKA, J.: Political economy and ecology of water control – dynamics of water policy reform and water justice in Taita Hills, South-Eastern Kenya Master of Science Thesis: 117 p. (3 appendixes 6 p.) Supervisors: Adj. Prof. Paola Minoia (HYU); Dr. Prasad Kaparaju, Prof. Jeremy Gould, Prof. Tuula Tuhkanen (JYU) Inspectors: Prof. Tuula Tuhkanen, Prof. Jeremy Gould, Prof. Jussi Kukkonen December 2015 Key words: water services, political economy, political ecology, neoliberalism, justice ABSTRACT Access to water by rural communities in the developing countries is shaped by various intertwined factors, including physical characteristics of the water cycle i.e. water availability; technical, financial and organizational means of establishing and managing water infrastructures; the social organization around water i.e. the formal and informal regulations and laws regarding water rights and responsibilities thereof. These historically embedded dimensions of water control
  • Biological Control of Water Hyacinth with Arthropods: a Review to 2000

    Biological Control of Water Hyacinth with Arthropods: a Review to 2000

    Biological Control of Water Hyacinth with Arthropods: a Review to 2000 M.H. Julien* Abstract Water hyacinth, native to the Amazon River, invaded the tropical world over the last century and has become an extremely serious weed. The search for biological control agents began in the early 1960s and continues today. Six arthropod species have been released around the world. They are: two weevils, Neochetina bruchi and N. eichhorniae; two moths, Niphograpta albiguttalis and Xubida infusellus; a mite Orthogalumna terebrantis; and a bug Eccritotarsus catarinensis. The mite and X. infusellus have not contributed to control and the bug is under evaluation following recent releases in Africa. The two weevils and the moth N. albiguttalis have been released in numerous infestations since the 1970s and have contributed to successful control of the weed in many locations. It is timely to assess their impact on water hyacinth and, to help in planning future strategies, to identify the factors that contribute to or mitigate against successful biological control. Although the search for new agents continues, and as a result biological control will likely be improved, this technique alone is unlikely to be successful in all of the weed’s habitats. It is important that whole-of-catchment management strategies be developed that integrate biological control with other control techniques. The aims of such strategies should be to achieve the best possible control using methods that are affordable and sustainable; hence the need to develop strategies using biological control as the base component. WATER hyacinth apparently became a problem in the sation of the weed for commercial and subsistence USA following its distribution to participants in the purposes has also been widely considered.
  • Outline of Water Smart Solution Projects by Cohort 2.0

    Outline of Water Smart Solution Projects by Cohort 2.0

    OUTLINE OF WATER SMART SOLUTION PROJECTS BY COHORT 2.0 Partners The water smart solution reports presented in this publication are developed as part of the Cohort 2.0 Fellow’s deliverables under C4Y-IWP Water Champions Youth Fellowship Programme 2020. Copyright: Ideas, Innovations and Work presented in this publication belongs to the respective partner organisations - © CSE 2020; © CEEW 2020; © DA 2020; © Taru Leading Edge; © J S Water Life Co. and © WaterAid 2020 This publication also represents the opinions of the fellows of Cohort 2.0. This report does not represent the position or opinions of Centre for Youth (C4Y), India Water Partnership (IWP), WAPCOS and Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India, nor of the official position of any staff members in this publication. Disclaimer All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without the prior permission of the fellowship partners and the respective partner organisations. OUTLINE OF WATER SMART SOLUTION PROJECTS BY COHORT 2.0 i CONTENTS 1.0 WATER SMART SOLUTION PROJECT OUTLINE BY ABHISHEK BHARTI .......................................................... 1 2.0 WATER SMART SOLUTION PROJECT OUTLINE BY AJAY KUMAR .................................................................. 4 3.0 WATER SMART SOLUTION PROJECT OUTLINE BY AMRITA SINGH ............................................................... 6 4.0 WATER SMART SOLUTION PROJECT OUTLINE BY ANANYA MUKHERJEE ................................................... 10 5.0 WATER SMART SOLUTION PROJECT OUTLINE BY ANUBHAV .................................................................... 14 6.0 WATER SMART SOLUTION PROJECT OUTLINE BY EKANSHA KHANDUJA ................................................... 18 7.0 WATER SMART SOLUTION PROJECT OUTLINE BY LIPI GANDHI ................................................................
  • Water Hyacinth Eichhornia Crassipes (Mart.)

    Water Hyacinth Eichhornia Crassipes (Mart.)

    The Scientific World Journal Volume 2012, Article ID 106429, 10 pages The cientificWorldJOURNAL doi:10.1100/2012/106429 Research Article Water Hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach Dynamics and Succession in the Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria (East Africa): Implications for Water Quality and Biodiversity Conservation John Gichuki,1, 2 Reuben Omondi,1 Priscillar Boera,1 Tom Okorut, 3 Ally Said Matano,3 Tsuma Jembe, 1 and Ayub Ofulla4 1 Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 1881, Kisumu 40100, Kenya 2 Big Valley Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians, 2726 Mission Rancheria Road, Lake Port, CA 95453-9637, USA 3 Lake Victoria Basin Commission, P.O. Box 1510, Kisumu 40100, Kenya 4 Maseno University, P.O. Box Private Bag Maseno, Kenya Correspondence should be addressed to John Gichuki, [email protected] Received 11 October 2011; Accepted 2 November 2011 Academic Editors: A. Bosabalidis and B. S. Chauhan Copyright © 2012 John Gichuki et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This study, conducted in Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria, assessed ecological succession and dynamic status of water hyacinth. Results show that water hyacinth is the genesis of macrophyte succession. On establishment, water hyacinth mats are first invaded by native emergent macrophytes, Ipomoea aquatica Forsk., and Enydra fluctuans Lour., during early stages of succession. This is followed by hippo grass Vossia cuspidata (Roxb.) Griff. in mid- and late stages whose population peaks during climax stages of succession with concomitant decrease in water hyacinth biomass.