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Diversity and Distribution of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in Ankalga Village (Gulbarga District) Karnataka, India

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Diversity and Distribution of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in Ankalga Village (Gulbarga District) Karnataka, India SJIF IMPACT FACTOR: 4.110 CRDEEPJournals International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Ankalgi & Jadesh Vol. 5 No. 1 ISSN: 2277-1921 International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. Vol. 5 No. 1. 2016. Pp. 1-5 ©Copyright by CRDEEP Journals. All Rights Reserved Full Length Research Paper Diversity and Distribution of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in Ankalga Village (Gulbarga District) Karnataka, India Sulochana Ankalgi and Murali Jadesh Department of Zoology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga - 585106, Karnataka, India. Article history Abstract Received: 26-12-2015 The present study deals with Coccinellidae of Ankalga Village near Kurikotta Bridge, which Revised: 03-01-2016 receives the back waters of Bennethora Reservoir in Gulbarga district of Karnataka. The study Accepted: 08-01-2016 was undertaken for a period of two years and the monthly collections were done from Jan 2013 to Dec 2014 in four sites. The result reveals the occurrence of 12 species belonging to 4 Corresponding Author: different subfamilies and 9 genera. The subfamily Coccinellidae was dominant with 6 species Sulochana Ankalgi followed by subfamily Scymninae with 3 species, subfamily Chilocorinae and Epilachninae each Department of Zoology, with 1 species. Gulbarga University, Gulbarga - 585106, Key words: Coccinellidae, Ankalga Village, Diversity, Bennethora Reservoir, Gulbarga Karnataka, India. District. Introduction Coccinellids or ladybirds, are members of family Coccinellidae, and are amongst the most familiar beetles known variously as ladybirds. Coccinellids live in a variety of habitats, including forests, fields, grasslands, gardens, and even in people's houses (Skaife, 1979). Most of them have bright shining colors with a pattern of spots or patches against a contrasting background. Many appear to be distasteful to birds, and their conspicuous appearance is an example of aposematic warning coloration (Moreton, 1969). Moreover, they are also regarded as bioindicators (Iperti & Paoletti, 1999) and provide more general information about the ecosystem in which they occur (Andersen, 1999). They occupy various niches in an ecosystem most of them are predaceous in nature and some are phytophagous and they severely damage agricultural crops. Whereas larvae and adults of predatory species feed almost 39 species such as scale insects, aphids, thrips, leafhoppers, whiteflies, mealy bugs, mites as well as other small soft- bodied species and their eggs (Moreton, 1969; Gautam, 1989; Iperti and Paoletti, 1999). About 6000 species of Coccinellids, Ladybird beetles, (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) are known worldwide (Vandenberg, 2002). However, Poorani (2002 b) has listed 400 species of Coccinellids from Indian subregion, which includes the erstwhile state of Uttar Pradesh including the Uttarakhand. The haphazard use of pesticides causes phytotoxicity and damage of favourable organisms such as predators, parasitoids, microorganisms and pollinators (Luckman and Metcalf 1978). The ladybird beetles are considered as a great economic importance in agro-ecosystem through their successful employed in the biological control of numerous injurious insect (Agarwala & ixon, 1992). Materials and Methods Study area Gulbarga district is situated in the northern part of Karnataka state located 454 meters above sea level covering an area of 10,951 km². It has a semi arid type of climate generally dry and healthy with temperature ranging from 10 -15 °C in winter to 42- 45 °C in summer and average rainfall of 777mm. The predominant type of soil found in the district is black soil. The research area is located in Ankalga Village near Kurikotta Bridge (longitude 76°.92'and latitude 17°.49') of Gulbarga district which is about 25 km from Gulbarga. The total area of Ankalga Village is 633 hectares. This Village receives back waters of Bennethora Reservoir. Sampling The present study was conducted to collect the coccinellids beetles from Jan 2013 to Dec 2014. Sampling of coccinellids was done randomly on monthly intervals. These insects were collected by sweep net method (Gadakar et al, 1990) and Hand picking method (Jonathan 1995). Preservation The specimens were collected and killed in jar containing ethyl acetate soaked cotton. These insects were pinned and placed in the wooden boxes; each specimen was labeled with name, date and place of collection. To protect the specimens from the insect pest, naphthalene balls were placed in the box. These insects were separated into different species with the help of available keys (Omkar and Bind, 1993, 1995, 1996; Omkar and Pervez, 1999, 2000; Poorani, 2002b). Online version available at: www.crdeep.com/ijbas 1 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR: 4.110 CRDEEPJournals International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Ankalgi & Jadesh Vol. 5 No. 1 ISSN: 2277-1921 Identification Insects for identification were sent to Dr. J. Poorani, NBAII, Bangalore, Dr. V.V. Ramamurthy, IARI, New Delhi and Dr. C.A. Viraktamath, GKVK, Bangalore. Statistical analysis The insects data were used for analysis of the divesity for various sampling sites in selected study area. 1. Shannon –Weiner index H= - ∑Pi Ln Pi Where, H= Shannon- Wiener Index. ∑ = Sum Pi = Proportion of individuals of ith species. ni= Number of individuals of each species in a sample. N= Total number of individuals of all species in a sample. 2. Simpson’s dominance index D= Where, ni= Number of individuals of each species in a sample. N=Total number of individuals of all species in a sample. 3. Simpson’s index of diversity D=1 - Where, ni= Number of individuals of each species in a sample. N=Total number of individuals of all species in a sample. 4. Simpson’s reciprocal index = 1 / D 5. Pielou’s evenness index: E = Where, H = Shannon Wiener Index. S = number of species. Ln = log to base n 6. Margalef’s index Ma = Where, S = Total number of species in sample. N=Total number of individuals of all species in a sample Ln = log to base n Result and Discussion The present study confirmed the occurrence of 408 specimens of ladybird beetle which belongs to 4 different subfamilies, 9 genera and 12 species were collected throughout the sampling period. The subfamily Coccinellidae was the most abundant comprising of 6 species belonging to 5 genera. The second subfamily Scymninae consist of 3 species belonging to 2 genera and the last subfamily Chilicorinae and subfamily Epilachninae were represented by 1 species and 1 genera respectively. Among the collected ladybird beetle Scymnus latemaculatus and Cheilomenes sexmaculata were the most abundant species where as Harmonia octomaculata, Coccinella sp, Nephus regularis Sicard and Scymnus nubilus Mulsant were found in all the places of sampling sites. Online version available at: www.crdeep.com/ijbas 2 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR: 4.110 CRDEEPJournals International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Ankalgi & Jadesh Vol. 5 No. 1 ISSN: 2277-1921 Historically, from the initial work by Subramaniam (1923), Aiyar (1924) and Kapur (1948), Puttarudriah and Channabasavanna (1953) listed 67 coccinellid species for India belonging to 23 genera of eight tribes and five sub families. However, Poorani (2002 b) has given an annotated checklist of the family coccinellidae for the Indian sub region, which lists 400 species, under 79 genera, 22 tribes and five subfamilies. The areas covered in her study include 25 states of India and some neighboring countries. Sharma and Joshi (2010) who reported 25 species of Coccinellid Beetles from Dehradun District Uttarakhand, India. Rahatullah et al., (2011) who recorded 14 species of ladybird beetles in Dir Lower, District from Pakistan. Kapur (1948) described 12 new species of Coccinellid beetles and revised the genus Rodolia by adding three new species from India. Sathe and Bhosale (2001) reported 21 predatory coccinellid beetles feeding on aphids and several other soft bodied homopterous insects from Maharashtra, India. Sharma et al. (2011) reported 8 species coccinellid beetles from Bijnore district, Uttar Pradesh. Usman and Puttarudriah (1955) recorded 48 species of predaceous coccinellids from the Mysore State. Biranvand et al., (2014) recorded 22 different species of Coccinellidae in lorestan province from Iran. Joshi et al., (2012) reported 23 species of Coccinellid from Uttarakhand, India. Joshi and Sharma (2008) recorded 31 species of Coccinellid beetles from Haridwar India. Table 1: Ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) found in the agriculture land of Ankalga Village throughout sampling period Family Sub family Species Total Coccinellidae Coccinellinae Menochilus sexmaculatus 16 Harmonia octomaculata 21 illeis cincta 09 Coccinella transversalis 10 Cheilomenes sexmaculata 66 Coccinella sp. 36 Scymninae Scymnus latemaculatus 109 Nephus regularis Sicard 72 Scymnus nubilus Mulsant 18 Chilocorinae Brumoides suturalis 30 Epilachninae Epilachna sp. 21 Table 2: Diversity Indices of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) collected from January 2013 to December 2014. Diversity indices Values Taxa (n) 11 Individuals (N) 408 Dominance (D) 0.151 Simpson (1-D) 0.848 Shannon (H) 2.105 Simpson's Reciprocal (1/D) 6.591 Evenness (e^H/S) 0.745 Margalef 1.664 Scymnus latemaculatus Coccinella transversalis Brumoides suturalis Online version available at: www.crdeep.com/ijbas 3 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR: 4.110 CRDEEPJournals International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Ankalgi & Jadesh Vol. 5 No. 1 ISSN: 2277-1921 Menochilus sexmaculatus illeis cincta Scymnus nubilus Mulsant Nephuregularis Sicard Harmonia octomaculata Menochilus sexmaculatus Cheilomenes
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