Rennspiele Am Computer: Implikationen Für Die Verkehrs- Sicherheitsarbeit

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Rennspiele Am Computer: Implikationen Für Die Verkehrs- Sicherheitsarbeit Rennspiele am Computer: Implikationen für die Verkehrs- sicherheitsarbeit Heft M 181 Berichte der Berichte der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen Mensch und Sicherheit Heft M 181 ISSN 0943-9315 ISBN 3-86509-500-3 Rennspiele am Computer: Implikationen für die Verkehrs- sicherheitsarbeit Zum Einfluss von Computerspielen mit Fahrzeugbezug auf das Fahrverhalten junger Fahrer von Peter Vorderer Christoph Klimmt Institut für Journalistik und Kommunikationsforschung Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hannover Berichte der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen Mensch und Sicherheit Heft M 181 M 181 Die Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen veröffentlicht ihre Arbeits- und Forschungs- ergebnisse in der Schriftenreihe Berichte der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen. Die Reihe besteht aus folgenden Unterreihen: A - Allgemeines B - Brücken- und Ingenieurbau F - Fahrzeugtechnik M- Mensch und Sicherheit S - Straßenbau V - Verkehrstechnik Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die unter dem Namen der Verfasser veröffentlichten Berichte nicht in jedem Fall die Ansicht des Herausgebers wiedergeben. Nachdruck und photomechanische Wieder- gabe, auch auszugsweise, nur mit Genehmi- gung der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. Die Hefte der Schriftenreihe Berichte der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen können direkt beim Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bgm.-Smidt-Str. 74-76, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Telefon (04 71) 9 45 44 - 0, bezogen werden. Über die Forschungsergebnisse und ihre Veröffentlichungen wird in Kurzform im Informationsdienst BASt-Info berichtet. Dieser Dienst wird kostenlos abgegeben; Interessenten wenden sich bitte an die Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. Impressum Bericht zum Forschungsprojekt FE 82.159/1999: Rennspiele am Computer: Implikationen für die VerkehrssicherheitsarbeitBericht zum Forschungsprojekt 77.470/2002: Anwendung von Sicherheitsaudits an Stadtstraßen Projektbetreuung NicolaProjektbetreuung Neumann-Opitz HardyRoland Holte Weber Herausgeber Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen Brüderstraße 53, D-51427 Bergisch Gladbach Telefon: (0 22 04) 43 - 0 Telefax: (0 22 04) 43 - 674 Redaktion Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit Druck und Verlag Wirtschaftsverlag NW Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH Postfach 10 11 10, D-27511 Bremerhaven Telefon: (04 71) 9 45 44 - 0 Telefax: (04 71) 9 45 44 77 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.nw-verlag.de ISSN 0943-93150943-9331 ISBN 3-86509-500-33-86509-323-X Bergisch Gladbach, MaiJuli 20062005 Die Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen veröffentlicht ihre Arbeits- und Forschungs- ergebnisse in der Schriftenreihe Berichte der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen. Die Reihe besteht aus folgenden Unterreihen: A - Allgemeines B-Brücken- und Ingenieurbau F - Fahrzeugtechnik M- Mensch und Sicherheit S - Straßenbau V - Verkehrstechnik Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die unter dem Namen der Verfasser veröffentlichten Berichte nicht in jedem Fall die Ansicht des Herausgebers wiedergeben. Nachdruck und photomechanische Wieder- gabe, auch auszugsweise, nur mit Genehmi- gung der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. Die Hefte der Schriftenreihe Berichte der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen können direkt beim Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bgm.-Smidt-Str. 74-76, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Telefon (04 71) 9 45 44 - 0, bezogen werden. Über die Forschungsergebnisse und ihre Veröffentlichungen wird in Kurzform im Informationsdienst BASt-Info berichtet. Dieser Dienst wird kostenlos abgegeben; Interessenten wenden sich bitte an die Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. Impressum Bericht zum Forschungsprojekt FE 82.159/1999: Rennspiele am Computer: Implikationen für die VerkehrssicherheitsarbeitBericht zum Forschungsprojekt 77.470/2002: Anwendung von Sicherheitsaudits an Stadtstraßen Projektbetreuung NicolaProjektbetreuung Neumann-Opitz, HardyRoland Holte Weber Herausgeber Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen Brüderstraße 53, D-51427 Bergisch Gladbach Telefon: (0 22 04) 43 - 0 Telefax: (0 22 04) 43 - 674 Redaktion Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit Druck und Verlag Wirtschaftsverlag NW Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH Postfach 10 11 10, D-27511 Bremerhaven Telefon: (04 71) 9 45 44 - 0 Telefax: (04 71) 9 45 44 77 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.nw-verlag.de ISSN 0943-93150943-9331 ISBN 3-86509-500-33-86509-323-X Bergisch Gladbach, MaiJuli 20062005 3 Kurzfassung – Abstract Rennspiele am Computer: Implikationen für die Racing video games: Implications for Verkehrssicherheitsarbeit transportation safety Das Ziel des Projekts war die empirische Annähe- The main goal of the project was the empirical rung an „Rennspiele” aus der Perspektive der Ver- exploration of „racing” video games from the kehrssicherheit(sarbeit). Angesichts der großen Po- perspective of transportation safety. Given the pularität dieser Computerspiele und ihrer wachsen- increasing popularity and authenticity of racing den Realitätsnähe sollten Bezüge zwischen ihrem games, the relationship between their use and Gebrauch und der Verkehrssicherheit eruiert wer- transportation safety was investigated. den. As an initial step, a theoretical model was Dazu wurde ein theoretisches Modell erarbeitet, developed from the relevant literature. It explicates das mögliche Effekte von Rennspielen auf das potencial effects of racing games on real-life reale Fahrverhalten anhand der relevanten Litera- driving behaviour and also possible inhibitory turlage expliziert und auch Wirkungsinhibitoren factors such as media literacy. Based on this (Medienkompetenz) berücksichtigt. Darauf aufbau- model, a content analysis of 54 popular racing end wurden zunächst 54 verbreitete Rennspiele games was conducted. Some of the games ausgewertet, um die relevanten Formen und Inhal- displayed characteristics that were considered as te des Gegenstands systematisch zu erfassen. Für capacities to evoke effects on driving behaviour. einen Teil der Rennspiele ergaben sich hier ernst zu Subsequently, 17 users of racing video games nehmende Potenziale für Wirkungs- bzw. Transfer- were interviewed to explore possible mechanisms prozesse. Leitfadeninterviews mit 17 Rennspieler/ of game effects and to better understand the innen erbrachten erste Hinweise auf verschiedene experience of playing racing games. ‚Routen’, über die Rennspiele das Fahrverhalten beeinflussen können, sowie interessante Einsich- Building on these preparatory studies, a largescale ten in die Unterhaltsamkeit und das Spielerleben. survey of 1,131 young drivers provided a clearer picture of the (heavy) users of racing games. The Anschließend lieferte eine schriftliche Befragung data did not reveal a substantial connection von 1.131 jungen Fahrer/inne/n ein genaueres Bild between use of racing games and problematic der Nutzerschaft von Rennspielen, konnte aber im driving behaviour (as measured by self-report Vergleich zu anderen Risikofaktoren keine origi- scales). The final study of the project used an nären Zusammenhänge zwischen Rennspielkon- experimental approach with a driving simulator to sum und problematischem Fahren (auf der Basis assess short-term effects of racing game use on von Selbstauskünften) aufdecken. Im Gegensatz driving behaviour. Data from this study suggest dazu erbrachte das abschließende Experiment, bei that racing games can affect reallife driving dem die Versuchspersonen unmittelbar nach einer behaviour in undesirable ways. Rennspielfahrt (bzw. zum Vergleich: nach der Nut- zung eines Kampfspiels oder ohne Computerspiel- Overall, results indicate only weak effects of racing nutzung) eine Simulatorfahrt absolvierten, Hinwei- fames on transportation safety. For institutional se darauf, dass Rennspiele kurzfristig das Fahrver- improvement of transportation safety, a dialogue halten beeinflussen können. with heavy users of racing games should be established to promote problem awareness and Die Ergebnisse zeigen insgesamt nur schwache media literacy. A dialogue with game developers Effekte von Rennspielen auf die Verkehrssicher- should be initialized to posit on-screen warning heit. Sie legen nahe, dass die Verkehrssicherheits- messages in racing video games (“don’t play and arbeit den Dialog mit Vielnutzern (zur Förderung drive!”). Moreover, the potenzial capacities of von Problembewusstsein und Medienkompetenz) educational driving games to improve und mit der Industrie (für „Don’t play and transporttation safety should be explored further. drive!”-Warnhinweise) suchen und die Möglichkei- ten, Edutainment-CFB zum Nutzen der Verkehrssi- cherheit einzusetzen, explorieren sollte. 5 Inhalt 1Aufgabenstellung des Projekts 3.4 Auswahl der analysierten Computer- und Übersicht über das spiele und operationales Vorgehen . 28 Vorgehen . 7 3.4.1 Auswahl des Untersuchungs- materials . 28 2 Explikation eines theorie- 3.4.2 Durchführung . 28 basierten Modells . 8 3.5 Ergebnisse . 29 2.1 Die abhängige Variable: 3.5.1 Aufgabentypen . 29 sicherheitsrelevante Dimensionen 3.5.2 Belohnungsstrukturen . 31 des Fahrverhaltens . 9 3.5.3 Realitätsnähe . 35 2.1.1 Sicherheitsbezogene Fahrfähig- 3.6 Fazit: Schlussfolgerungen aus der keiten und -fertigkeiten . 9 systematischen Angebotssichtung . 45 2.1.2 Sicherheitsrelevante Motive . 12 2.2 Lernprozesse: Auf welche Weise 4 Zweite Vorstudie: Leitfaden- könnte das Fahrverhalten Interviews mit Nutzer/innen beeinflusst werden? . 14 von Computerspielen mit 2.2.1 Änderung von Fähigkeiten/Fertig- Fahrzeugbezug . 47 keiten durch Simulations- oder 4.1 Problemstellung
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