DOCSLIB.ORG

Coded in Colors: Morphological Differentiation Associated with Color Suggests Further Speciation of Leptogorgia Virgulata Chandler Michaele Wright

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Coded in Colors: Morphological Differentiation Associated with Color Suggests Further Speciation of Leptogorgia Virgulata Chandler Michaele Wright )ORULGD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\/LEUDULHV 2021 Coded in Colors: Morphological Differentiation Associated with Color Suggests Further Speciation of Leptogorgia virgulata Chandler Michaele Wright Follow this and additional works at DigiNole: FSU's Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES CODED IN COLORS: MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION ASSOCIATED WITH COLOR SUGGESTS FURTHER SPECIATION OF LEPTOGORGIA VIRGULATA By CHANDLER WRIGHT A Thesis submitted to the Department of Biological Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with Honors in the Major Degree Awarded: Spring, 2021 The members of the Defense Committee approve the thesis of Chandler Wright defended on April 12, 2021. Signatures are on file with the Honors Program office. Dr. Don Levitan Thesis Director Dr. Markus Huettel Outside Committee Member Dr. Sophie McCoy Committee Member . Abstract Octocorals are an integral taxon, with a significance to benthic communities, by providing multidimensional habitats to marine organisms and now taking over space previously occupied by hard corals. In the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, we have made observations leading to the question of whether the colors magenta, orange, and yellow of Leptogorgia virgulata represent different species. A comparative phenotypic analysis of morphological characteristics was performed to assess whether color varies independently, or color is associated with other morphological differences, suggesting the possibility of the colors representing different species. Thirty colonies of L. virgulata were extracted from a shallow reef (3 m) at Turkey Point Shoal East in the Gulf of Mexico. Ten were yellow (wavelength 570-590 nm), 10 were orange (wavelength 590-620 nm), and 10 were magenta (wavelength 380-450 nm). Samples of L. virgulata colonies were analyzed for six quantitative morphological traits: branch thickness (BT), polyp count (PC), polyp density (PD), calyx length (CL), sclerite length (SL) and sclerite width (SW) along with two qualitative characteristics: sclerite color composition and bicoloration. The yellow, orange, and magenta colors of L. virgulata exhibited statistically significant morphological differences for three of six variables (SW, BT, PD), more strongly between yellow and orange. These differences appear to be meaningful enough to suggest possible speciation between colors that may warrant further investigation. Introduction In the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico, gorgonian octocorals inhabit shallow nearshore reefs (~2m), off-shore reefs (~15m), and the deep sea (Bayer, 1961; Etnoyer, 2014). They frequently are the dominant taxa of dynamic communities on hard strata and limestone (McFadden et al., 2010). Gorgonian octocorals are colonial cnidarians consisting of a soft structure, internal skeleton, and heterotrophic polyps with eight tentacles (Daly et al., 1668; Lau et.al, 2020). Their structures create a complex environment that provides habitats for many invertebrates, fish, and microbes (Lenz, et al., 2015). Octocorals demonstrate a variety in structural differences and may appear in different forms such as sea whips, sea fans, and sea plumes (Johnson & Hallock, 2020). They are an extremely diverse group that contains over 3,000 species, roughly 200 of which appear in the Gulf of Mexico (Bayer, 1981). The genus Leptogorgia is known to be extremely challenging to distinguish taxonomically due to the lack of a singular diagnostic characteristic within the genus to determine the species (Breedy & Guzman, 2007). Currently, the genus includes 103 named species, and at least seven considered nomen dubium across the globe (Cordeiro et al., 2020). Leptogorgia is highly morphologically diverse, however differentiating species within this genus based on taxonomy is challenging because many of the species display a wide variety of intraspecific variation. One study in the Gulf of Mexico calls for a reevaluation of the classification of the species in Leptogorgia entirely. Upon conducting a mitochondrial genome analysis of Leptogorgia in the Eastern Pacific and Western Atlantic, a need for reexamination of current phylogenetic and taxonomic dogma was suggested (Silvestri et al., 2019). In recent years, several new species of Leptogorgia have also been identified. For example, in 2011, three new species of Leptogorgia were discovered in the Gulf of California, Mexico by analyzing morphologic properties including terminal branch diameter, sclerite dimensions, and color composition (Hernandez et al., 2021). Octocorals can exhibit a wide range of colors, including the gorgonian octocoral, Leptogorgia virgulata (Bayer, 1961). Leptogorgia virgulata express a variety of colors including yellow, orange, and magenta (Adams, 1981). L. virgulata thrive on hard substrates in North 3 America from the Atlantic Coast, to the northern Gulf of Mexico, and extending south to Belize (Bayer, 1951), however, the geographical distribution of L. virgulata color variants is not uniform and has yet to be explained (Adams, 1981). For example, orange, magenta, and pale yellow-white are seen in Beaufort, NC. Meanwhile, magenta colored L. virgulata dominates reefs in Chesapeake Bay and Alligator Harbor in Florida. Also, in ecosystems between Panama City and Pensacola, only magenta variants have been documented (Patton, 1972). Scientists have noted these differences; however, little research has been done to investigate the cause of this diverse color distribution of L. virgulata. Some proposed reasons for geographic differences in octocoral color include phenotypic plasticity, lack of gene flow, or being different species. Studies on other octocoral species, such as Euincea flexuosa, have revealed the plastic capabilities of the sclerites through reciprocal transplant experiments (Prada et al., 2008). The original opinion on L. virgulata was that the variety is due to phenotypic plasticity or lack of gene flow among populations of the same species (Adams, 1980). However, these alternative hypotheses have not been examined in L. virgulata. There remains a question of whether color is a trait that varies independently or is associated with other morphological differences, possibly delineating species. Moreover, there is also an absence of any notable effort to perform a comparative phenotypic analysis of morphological characteristics between colors. Therefore, there is a need to determine if the color varies independently as simply intraspecific morphotypes or is paired with other morphologic differences. This could suggest different species and encourage perhaps the need for genetic analysis to more confidently delineate whether different colors of L. virgulata are gnomically the same species. In the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, FSU researchers noticed that L. virgulata in the near shore habitats at 3 meters deep are typically a collection of magenta, yellow, and orange colonies. However, on the offshore reefs, magenta-colored colonies are the dominant color present at 15 meters (Rachael Best, personal communication). The deficit of yellow and orange colonies in deep water raises the question if these colors are absent due to a lack of gene flow, plasticity in favor of magenta, or are of different species entirely. Therefore, an analysis of selected morphological characteristics was conducted on inshore colonies of the three different colors to better discern the classification of L. virgulata. If the colored colonies exhibit different morphological differences associated with color, then this could suggest further differentiation of L. virgulata. The goal of the study was to perform a comparative phenotypic analysis to determine whether colors vary independently, or if color is associated with other morphological differences, suggesting the possibility the colors represent different species. Methods Sample Collection and Analyses Samples of Leptogorgia virgulata colonies were analyzed for six quantitative morphological traits: branch thickness (BT) polyp count (PC), polyp density (PD), calyx length (CL), sclerite length (SL) and sclerite width (SW). Also, two qualitative characteristics: sclerite color composition and bicoloration were observed. Sclerite color composition describes the mixture of solid sclerites in the colony, and the term bicoloration means two colors are observed in a single sclerite. 4 Figure 1. Study site: map of Turkey Point Shoal East in relation to the Gulf of Mexico. Image from Google Earth. With the help of Florida State University scientific diving volunteers, Rachael Best and Ashley Dawdy, 30 colonies of L. virgulata were carefully collected from an in-shore reef named Turkey Point Shoal East (N 29 53.718°, W 84 28.494°) at a depth of three meters. The colonies were brought to the surface in mesh bags and delivered to the FSU Coastal & Marine Lab the same day, November 16th, 2021. Of the 30 colonies, 10 were yellow, 10 were orange, and 10 were magenta. Each colony was placed into separate buckets containing natural seawater in the lab to increase probability of survival during the fragmentation process. Four branches of 10 cm long were severed from the apical tips of each colony, creating four replicates of each genet. Although octocorals are colonial animals, the colonies were fragmented to increase random sampling and more accurately account for the unknown variability. Using a digital camera, an individual photo of each branch was taken alongside a ruler for scale. Branch thickness (BT)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Mass Mortality of <I>Gorgonia Ventalina</I>
    BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 50(3): 522-526. 1992 A MASS MORTALITY OF GORGONIA VENT ALINA (CNIDARIA: GORGONIIDAE) IN THE SANTA MARTA AREA, CARIBBEAN COAST OF COLOMBIA Jaime Garzon-Ferreira and Sven Zea The steep, rocky shores of the Santa Marta area (including the Tayrona Natural Park) in the Colombian Caribbean (11012'N and 74°14'W to 11°18'N and 73°54'W) comprise more than 90 km of irregular shoreline (Fig. 1). Hard substrata continue below the sea surface usually down to a maximum depth of 30 m, supporting rich communities of reef associated organisms (Garzon-Ferreira and Cano, 1990). Gorgonaceans are common and can dominate the sessile biocoenosis at some sites. The sea fan, Gorgonia ventalina Linnaeus (Cnidaria, Gorgoniidae), was known as one of the most conspicuous and abundant of the 39 living species of gorgonaceans in the area (Botero, 1987a, 1987b; pers. observ.). In September 1988, one of us (J.G.-F.) started to dive intensively in the area to map marine communities, and noted the absence of live individuals of sea fans. By the end of 1990, J.G.-F. had surveyed most of the coast to a depth of 20-30 m, and was able to recognize the dramatic mortality suffered by sea fans around Santa Marta. This note documents this mass mortality, compares it with other similar events and discusses its possible date of occurrence and causes. There are a few reports of octocoral mass mortalities in the tropical western Atlantic, all of which involved mainly sea fans and occurred along the southern Caribbean during the 1980's (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Gonian Eunicella Singularis (Esper, 1791) (Anthozoa Gorgoni - Idae) of Paloma Island, Algeria
    Biodiversity Journal , 2019, 10 (3): 185–194 https://doi.org/ 10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2019.10.3.185.194 Morphometric data and allometric relationships of the gor - gonian Eunicella singularis (Esper, 1791) (Anthozoa Gorgoni - idae) of Paloma Island, Algeria Mouloud Benabdi 1, Lalla A. T. Cherif-Louazani 1, Alae Eddine Belmahi 1, Samir Grimes 2, Yassine G.E. Khames 3, Billel Boufekane 3, Salim Mouffok 1 & Mohamed Bouderbala 1 1Laboratoire Réseau de Surveillance Environnementale, Faculté SNV, Université Oran1, Algeria 2École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de la Mer et de l’Aménagement du Littoral Alger, Algeria 3Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, USTHB, Alger, Algeria *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The gorgonian Eunicella singularis (Esper, 1791) (Anthozoa Gorgoniidae) is abundant on rocky bottoms at Paloma Island (Algeria) in the south-western of the Mediterranean basin. In this study area, 150 gorgonian colonies of E. singularis were collected randomly using SCUBA diving and the following morphometric macro-features were measured (maximum height, maximum width, total branch length, rectangular surface area, height to width ratio and dry weight). Allometric growth was examined using the relationships between the dry weight and the five morphometric macro-features. The power equation of the simple allometry applied was y=ax b and the parameters of the linear regression a and b were estimated after the logarithmic transformation log (y)=log( a)+ b*log(x). The allometric relationships between the dry weight and the morphometric macro-features studied show that the growth of the gor - gonian E. singularis in the study area is correlated positively and significantly with the five macro-features and that both the macro-features total branch length and the maximum width are the most appropriate parameter applied to the gorgonian E.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbiomes of Gall-Inducing Copepod Crustaceans from the Corals Stylophora Pistillata (Scleractinia) and Gorgonia Ventalina
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Microbiomes of gall-inducing copepod crustaceans from the corals Stylophora pistillata Received: 26 February 2018 Accepted: 18 July 2018 (Scleractinia) and Gorgonia Published: xx xx xxxx ventalina (Alcyonacea) Pavel V. Shelyakin1,2, Sofya K. Garushyants1,3, Mikhail A. Nikitin4, Sofya V. Mudrova5, Michael Berumen 5, Arjen G. C. L. Speksnijder6, Bert W. Hoeksema6, Diego Fontaneto7, Mikhail S. Gelfand1,3,4,8 & Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko 6,9 Corals harbor complex and diverse microbial communities that strongly impact host ftness and resistance to diseases, but these microbes themselves can be infuenced by stresses, like those caused by the presence of macroscopic symbionts. In addition to directly infuencing the host, symbionts may transmit pathogenic microbial communities. We analyzed two coral gall-forming copepod systems by using 16S rRNA gene metagenomic sequencing: (1) the sea fan Gorgonia ventalina with copepods of the genus Sphaerippe from the Caribbean and (2) the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata with copepods of the genus Spaniomolgus from the Saudi Arabian part of the Red Sea. We show that bacterial communities in these two systems were substantially diferent with Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria more prevalent in samples from Gorgonia ventalina, and Gammaproteobacteria in Stylophora pistillata. In Stylophora pistillata, normal coral microbiomes were enriched with the common coral symbiont Endozoicomonas and some unclassifed bacteria, while copepod and gall-tissue microbiomes were highly enriched with the family ME2 (Oceanospirillales) or Rhodobacteraceae. In Gorgonia ventalina, no bacterial group had signifcantly diferent prevalence in the normal coral tissues, copepods, and injured tissues. The total microbiome composition of polyps injured by copepods was diferent.
    [Show full text]
  • St. Kitts Final Report
    ReefFix: An Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Ecosystem Services Valuation and Capacity Building Project for the Caribbean ST. KITTS AND NEVIS FIRST DRAFT REPORT JUNE 2013 PREPARED BY PATRICK I. WILLIAMS CONSULTANT CLEVERLY HILL SANDY POINT ST. KITTS PHONE: 1 (869) 765-3988 E-MAIL: [email protected] 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Table of Contents 3 List of Figures 6 List of Tables 6 Glossary of Terms 7 Acronyms 10 Executive Summary 12 Part 1: Situational analysis 15 1.1 Introduction 15 1.2 Physical attributes 16 1.2.1 Location 16 1.2.2 Area 16 1.2.3 Physical landscape 16 1.2.4 Coastal zone management 17 1.2.5 Vulnerability of coastal transportation system 19 1.2.6 Climate 19 1.3 Socio-economic context 20 1.3.1 Population 20 1.3.2 General economy 20 1.3.3 Poverty 22 1.4 Policy frameworks of relevance to marine resource protection and management in St. Kitts and Nevis 23 1.4.1 National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) 23 1.4.2 National Physical Development Plan (2006) 23 1.4.3 National Environmental Management Strategy (NEMS) 23 1.4.4 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NABSAP) 26 1.4.5 Medium Term Economic Strategy Paper (MTESP) 26 1.5 Legislative instruments of relevance to marine protection and management in St. Kitts and Nevis 27 1.5.1 Development Control and Planning Act (DCPA), 2000 27 1.5.2 National Conservation and Environmental Protection Act (NCEPA), 1987 27 1.5.3 Public Health Act (1969) 28 1.5.4 Solid Waste Management Corporation Act (1996) 29 1.5.5 Water Courses and Water Works Ordinance (Cap.
    [Show full text]
  • Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) from Mesophotic Reefs in the Eastern Pacific
    BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE. 89(3):735–743. 2013 NEW TAXA PAPER http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2013.1014 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E62C6099-A6E3-43E0-8F43-014ED71DA0D5 A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS EUGORGIA (CNIDARIA: OCTOCORALLIA: GORGONIIDAE) FROM MESOPHOTIC REEFS IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC Odalisca Breedy and Hector M Guzman ABSTRACT Our knowledge of octocoral diversity in the eastern Pacific has been focused on shallow reef habitats, while the fauna occurring in the mesophotic zone from 40 to 150 m is poorly known. A new species of the gorgoniid Eugorgia was recently obtained with a submersible from the Hannibal Bank, a coastal seamount 60 km off mainland Panama and 15 km from Coiba Island. The morphological characters were analyzed and illustrated by light and scanning electron microscopy. Eugorgia siedenburgae sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other species in the genus by its bushy, multiplanar, bicolored colony, and the sclerites colors, composition, and sizes. This new species increases the number in the genus to 13 and contributes to our understanding of the fragile mesophotic biodiversity. Octocoral diversity surveys in the eastern Pacific region have been focused mainly on shallow environments to 40 m depth (e.g., Williams and Breedy 2004, Breedy et al. 2009, Breedy and Guzman 2012). Consequently, the fauna inhabiting mesophotic habitats from 40 m to >150 m is poorly described and may be at risk due to intensive fishing (see Lesser et al. 2009, Clark et al. 2010). Here, we describe a new species of the gorgoniid Eugorgia recently collected from the Hannibal Bank seamount, Pacific Panama.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology Subtropical Epibenthos Varies with Location, Reef Type, and Grazing Intensity
    Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 509 (2018) 54–65 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jembe Subtropical epibenthos varies with location, reef type, and grazing intensity T ⁎ Kara R. Wall , Christopher D. Stallings College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave, St Petersburg, FL 33705, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Composition of marine epibenthic communities are influenced by both physical and biotic processes. For in- West Florida Shelf stance, the larval supply and cues that influence colonization (physical), as well as the growth and mortality of Coral individuals (biotoic), may differ across location and reef type. Determining the relative influence of these pro- Warm temperate cesses is important to understanding how epibenthic communities can develop in a region. Using both a partial Fouling caging experiment that controlled grazing by urchins and in situ photographic surveys of epibenthic commu- Habitat heterogeneity Settlement nities, this study examined the relationship between urchin grazing and the composition of epibenthos on natural limestone and artificial reefs in the eastern Gulf of Mexico (eGOM). In the experiment, tiles that were open to urchin grazing had lower percent cover of algae (−12%) and higher cover of crustose coralline algae (CCA) (13%) than those that excluded urchins. Patterns in tile cover were likely the result of CCA either resisting grazing mortality or recolonizing exposed areas after algae were removed. Variation in colonization was ob- served between inshore and offshore reef groups. Urchin density was positively correlated with the structural complexity of the habitats, which was higher on artificial reefs than natural ones, a factor that potentially had important effects on several observed patterns.
    [Show full text]
  • South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
    FOREWORD Abundant fish and wildlife, unbroken coastal vistas, miles of scenic rivers, swamps and mountains open to exploration, and well-tended forests and fields…these resources enhance the quality of life that makes South Carolina a place people want to call home. We know our state’s natural resources are a primary reason that individuals and businesses choose to locate here. They are drawn to the high quality natural resources that South Carolinians love and appreciate. The quality of our state’s natural resources is no accident. It is the result of hard work and sound stewardship on the part of many citizens and agencies. The 20th century brought many changes to South Carolina; some of these changes had devastating results to the land. However, people rose to the challenge of restoring our resources. Over the past several decades, deer, wood duck and wild turkey populations have been restored, striped bass populations have recovered, the bald eagle has returned and more than half a million acres of wildlife habitat has been conserved. We in South Carolina are particularly proud of our accomplishments as we prepare to celebrate, in 2006, the 100th anniversary of game and fish law enforcement and management by the state of South Carolina. Since its inception, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) has undergone several reorganizations and name changes; however, more has changed in this state than the department’s name. According to the US Census Bureau, the South Carolina’s population has almost doubled since 1950 and the majority of our citizens now live in urban areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic Habitat Mapping and Assessment in the Wilmington-East Wind Energy Call Area
    OCS Study BOEM 2016-003 NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 196 Benthic Habitat Mapping and Assessment in the Wilmington-East Wind Energy Call Area Final Report US Department of the Interior US Department of Commerce Bureau of Ocean Energy Management National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Renewable Energy Programs National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science OCS Study BOEM 2016-003 NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 196 Benthic Habitat Mapping and Assessment in the Wilmington-East Wind Energy Call Area Authors J. Christopher Taylor1 T. Shay Viehman1 Avery B. Paxton2 Stephen R. Fegley2 Christine M. Voss2 Emily A. Pickering2 Benjamin W. Sumners3 Alyssa M. Adler2 Christine A. Buckel1 Christopher Freeman3 Jenny L. Vander Pluym1 Charles H. Peterson2 Erik E. Ebert1 Prepared under Cooperative and Interagency Agreements by 1National Ocean Service National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science 101 Pivers Island Road Beaufort, NC 28516 Interagency Agreement M13PG00019 In cooperation with 2The University of North Carolina 3Geodynamics Group Institute of Marine Sciences 310-A Greenfield Drive 3431 Arendell Street Newport, North Carolina 28570 Morehead City, NC 28557 Under contract to UNC Cooperative Agreement M13AC00006 Published by US Department of the Interior US Department of Commerce Bureau of Ocean Energy National Oceanic and Atmospheric Management Administration Office of Renewable Energy National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Programs January 13, 2016 OCS Study BOEM 2016-003 NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 196 DISCLAIMER Research collaboration and funding were provided by the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Office of Renewable Energy Programs, Sterling, VA under Agreement Number M13AC00006 and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science under Interagency Agreement Number M13PG00019.
    [Show full text]
  • California State University, Northridge an Ecological
    CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE AN ECOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF TROPICAL CORAL REEF RESPONSES TO PAST AND PROJECTED DISTURBANCES A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology By Elizabeth Ann Lenz May 2014 The thesis of Elizabeth A. Lenz is approved by: Robert C. Carpenter, Ph.D. Date: Eric D. Sanford, Ph.D. Date: Mark A. Steele, Ph.D. Date: Peter J. Edmunds, Ph.D., Chair Date: California State University, Northridge ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Peter J. Edmunds first and foremost for being my fearless leader and advisor - for the incredible opportunities and invaluable mentorship he has provided to me as a graduate student in the Polyp Lab. I am ever so grateful for his guidance, endless caffeinated energy, constructive critiques, and dry British humor. I would also like to thank my loyal committee members Drs. Robert Carpenter and Mark Steele at CSUN for their availability and expert advise during this process. Their suggestions have greatly contributed to my thesis. I would not only like to acknowledge Dr. Eric Sanford from UC Davis for serving on my committee, but thank him for his incessant support throughout my career over the last 7 years. I will always admire his contagious enthusiasm for invertebrates, passion for scientific research, and unlimited knowledge about marine ecology. My research would not have been possible without the technical support and assistance from my colleagues in Moorea, French Polynesia and St. John, USVI. I am grateful to Dr. Lorenzo Bramanti, Dr. Steeve Comeau, Vince Moriarty, Nate Spindel, Emily Rivest, Christopher Wall, Darren Brown, Alexandre Yarid, Nicolas Evensen, Craig Didden, the VIERS staff, and undergraduate assistants: Kristin Privitera-Johnson and Amanda Arnold.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial and Temporal Trends of Southeastern Florida's Octocoral Comunity
    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations HCNSO Student Work 12-6-2019 Spatial and Temporal Trends of Southeastern Florida's Octocoral Comunity Alexandra Hiley Nova Southeastern University Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Alexandra Hiley. 2019. Spatial and Temporal Trends of Southeastern Florida's Octocoral Comunity. Master's thesis. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, . (522) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/522. This Thesis is brought to you by the HCNSO Student Work at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thesis of Alexandra Hiley Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science M.S. Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography December 2019 Approved: Thesis Committee Major Professor: David Gilliam, Ph.D. Committee Member: Rosanna Milligan, Ph.D. Committee Member: Charles Messing, Ph.D. This thesis is available at NSUWorks: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/522 Spatial and temporal trends in Southeastern Florida’s octocoral community By Alexandra Hiley Submitted to the Faculty of Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science with a specialty in: Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Natural Science and Oceanography Committee Members: David Gilliam, Ph.D. Charles Messing, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    CURRICULUM VITAE Elizabeth (Beth) Anne Horvath Education: --May, 1976, Bachelor of Arts, Biology--Westmont College --August, 1981, Masters of Science, Biology--Cal. State Univ., Long Beach Dissertation Title: Experiences in Marine Science, an Introductory Text. Supplemental Research Projects: Pelagic Snails; Development in Pelagic Tunicates; SEM studies of Luminescence in Pelagic Tunicates --Selected Graduate Level Courses beyond Master's; subjects include-- Channel Island Biology, Deep Sea Biology, Conservation Biology; also Field Course: Natural History of the Galapagos Islands (UCLA) Teaching Experience: (Emphases on: Marine Biology, Invertebrate Zoology, Marine Ecology and Natural History, Zoology, Marine Mammals) --Westmont College, 1978-1998, Part time to Full time Instructor --Santa Barbara City College, 1989-1990, Instructor (Human Anatomy) --Westmont College, 1998-2013, Assistant Professor; 2013-Present, Associate Professor --AuSable, Pacific Rim: Assistant/Associate Professor, 1998-2006; 2018-Present --CCSP-New Zealand: Associate Professor, Spring, 2010, Fall, 2011, Fall, 2012 Courses Created/Developed: (Undergraduate level, most Upper Division): Marine Biology, Invertebrate Zoology, Marine Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Marine Mammal Ecophysiology, Animal Diversity, General Zoology Rank: First Year at Westmont: Instructor (part-Time), 1978; Full-Time, 1988 Previous Rank: Instructor of Biology, 1990-1998; Assistant Professor, 1998-2013 Present Rank: Associate Professor, Fall 2013 to the present Administrative Duties Have Included:
    [Show full text]
  • An Invitation to Monitor Georgia's Coastal Wetlands
    An Invitation to Monitor Georgia’s Coastal Wetlands www.shellfish.uga.edu By Mary Sweeney-Reeves, Dr. Alan Power, & Ellie Covington First Printing 2003, Second Printing 2006, Copyright University of Georgia “This book was prepared by Mary Sweeney-Reeves, Dr. Alan Power, and Ellie Covington under an award from the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of OCRM and NOAA.” 2 Acknowledgements Funding for the development of the Coastal Georgia Adopt-A-Wetland Program was provided by a NOAA Coastal Incentive Grant, awarded under the Georgia Department of Natural Resources Coastal Zone Management Program (UGA Grant # 27 31 RE 337130). The Coastal Georgia Adopt-A-Wetland Program owes much of its success to the support, experience, and contributions of the following individuals: Dr. Randal Walker, Marie Scoggins, Dodie Thompson, Edith Schmidt, John Crawford, Dr. Mare Timmons, Marcy Mitchell, Pete Schlein, Sue Finkle, Jenny Makosky, Natasha Wampler, Molly Russell, Rebecca Green, and Jeanette Henderson (University of Georgia Marine Extension Service); Courtney Power (Chatham County Savannah Metropolitan Planning Commission); Dr. Joe Richardson (Savannah State University); Dr. Chandra Franklin (Savannah State University); Dr. Dionne Hoskins (NOAA); Dr. Charles Belin (Armstrong Atlantic University); Dr. Merryl Alber (University of Georgia); (Dr. Mac Rawson (Georgia Sea Grant College Program); Harold Harbert, Kim Morris-Zarneke, and Michele Droszcz (Georgia Adopt-A-Stream); Dorset Hurley and Aimee Gaddis (Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve); Dr. Charra Sweeney-Reeves (All About Pets); Captain Judy Helmey (Miss Judy Charters); Jan Mackinnon and Jill Huntington (Georgia Department of Natural Resources).
    [Show full text]