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Fluid Power Lab FLUID POWER LAB Name Set: Date: imperial units edition PSI & lbs/in2 This lab will provide you an understanding of: • Hydraulic Systems • Kinetic & Potential Energy • Pneumatic Systems • Mechanical Advantage • Cylinders • Friction • Pascal’s Law • Viscosity • Liquids & Gases • Work • Pressure © TeacherGeek Inc. Permission granted for editing and printing to schools, libraries and non-profits. Materials for this activity at teachergeek.comteachergeek.com.. Adult supervision required for children under 12. FLUID POWER LAB teachergeek supplies you’ll need Cut or find tubing the following lengths to use later in Activity Build Guides and Design & Engineering Challenges. Do not connect anything yet. First we’re going to experiment a bit with pressure. Fluid Power Activity Pack/Maker Cart tubing: 38mm (15in) 14ml cylinder 14ml cylinder tubing: 38mm (15in) 4.5ml cylinder 14ml cylinder 4 - cylinder screws Hydraulic Arm - Basic tubing: 60cm (23in) 14ml cylinder 14ml cylinder 4.5ml cylinder 14ml cylinder tubing: 115cm (45in) 4 - cylinder screws Hydraulic Arm - Advanced 4.5ml cylinder tubing: 100cm (40in) 14ml cylinder tubing: 46cm (18in) 14ml cylinder 14ml cylinder 4 - cylinder screws When it’s time, refer to the end of this lab for help assembling your pneumatic and hydraulic systems. TeacherGeek Inc. Permission granted for editing and printing to schools, libraries and non-profits. Materials for this activity at teachergeek.comteachergeek.com.. Adult supervision required for children under 12. Page 2 FLUID POWER LAB fluid power Fluid power is an area of technology dealing with the generation, control, and transmission of pressurized fluids. A fluid can be a gas or a liquid. PNEUMATICS HYDRAULICS Pneumatic systems use a gas Hydraulic systems use a liquid to transmit and store power. to transmit power. Hydraulic Pump, Compressor (Pump) Reservoir and Controls Hydraulic Cylinder Pneumatic Nail Gun Hose (Pipeline) Pneumatic Devices 1. List two devices, other than the ones above, that use pneumatics for operation. Describe how they use pneumatics. Device How does it use pneumatics? Hydraulic Devices 2. List two devices, other than the ones above, that use hydraulics for operation. Describe how they use hydraulics. Device How does it use hydraulics? TeacherGeek Inc. Permission granted for editing and printing to schools, libraries and non-profits. Materials for this activity at teachergeek.comteachergeek.com.. Adult supervision required for children under 12. Page 3 FLUID POWER LAB CYLINDERS Cylinders transform pressure and fluid-flow into mechanical force. Anatomy of a Cylinder Fluid Port Fluid Port Piston A B Piston Rod Chambers and are sealed, Mount fluids can only enter or exit through A B the ports. Pressure in a chamber creates a force on the piston. Cylinder Double-Acting Cylinders Most cylinders are double-acting. Double-acting cylinders allow pressurized fluid to flow on either side of the piston, allowing it to be powered in both directions. Pressurized Fluid Fluid Pressurized Fluid In Out Out Fluid In Outward Force Inward Movement Single-Acting Cylinders Single-acting cylinders are only powered in one direction. The piston is returned by the weight of the load or a spring. Pressurized Fluid Fluid In Out Retracting Outward Force Gear Pump The pumps that power cylinders can usually only create a positive fluid pressure (push fluid). That is why most cylinders, like the ones shown above, are designed to only be powered by positive fluid pressure. TeacherGeek Inc. Permission granted for editing and printing to schools, libraries and non-profits. Materials for this activity at teachergeek.comteachergeek.com.. Adult supervision required for children under 12. Page 4 FLUID POWER LAB Your Cylinders Will Push & Pull You will use a cylinder as a pump. The cylinder will be able to push fluid (creating a positive pressure), or pull fluid (creating a negative pressure). This will allow your cylinders with a single port to be powered in both directions. the correct answers below: Y Force In Positive Z 1. There is a pressure in line Z . Negative Force Out Pulling 2. Cylinder Y is fluid. Pushing Know Your Parts 3. Match the components with their name by placing letters into the boxes below. C Piston: A C D Piston Rod: Cylinder: B Fluid Port: fluid lines cylinder Example TeacherGeek control panel Advanced Hydraulic Arm TeacherGeek Inc. Permission granted for editing and printing to schools, libraries and non-profits. Materials for this activity at teachergeek.comteachergeek.com.. Adult supervision required for children under 12. Page 5 FLUID POWER LAB Force = 12lbs Force = what is pressure? 12lbs Pressure is a force applied 2" over an area: 3lbs 2" 1" 3lbs Force 1" 3lbs Pressure = 12lbs 3lbs Area 1in • 1in = 1in2 2in • 2in = 4in2 The area over which 12lbs 2 12lbs 2 the force is applied. = 12lbs/in = 3lbs/in 1in2 4in2 Less Area = More Pressure More Area = Less Pressure Step One Step Two Push the piston end of a cylinder against your hand. Push the fluid port end of a cylinder against your hand. Ouch!!! FORCE FORCE Area = .36in2 Area = .047in2 4. Both ends of the cylinder were pushed against your hand with the same force. Explain why they felt different? Hint: Pressure = Force/Area Putting Your Foot Down 5. How much pressure does the cube A foot pushes down on a 3in3 apply to the ground? Show your work. cube with 45lbs of force. 45lbs Force Area of cube touching the ground 3" Answer: 3" TeacherGeek Inc. Permission granted for editing and printing to schools, libraries and non-profits. Materials for this activity at teachergeek.comteachergeek.com.. Adult supervision required for children under 12. Page 6 FLUID POWER LAB Use this chart to find the formula find the unknown to calculate a missing variable (force, pressure, area). Let’s look at another way to write the formula: P = Pressure F Force F = Force Pressure = can be written as: Area P A A = Area Cover the missing variable on the chart to find the formula to calculate it: You know: Pressure, Area You know: Force, Area You know: Pressure, Force You need to find:Force You need to find: Pressure You need to find: Area F F F P A P A P A Force = Pressure • Area Pressure = Force/Area Area = Force / Pressure 6. Pressure transfers between the piston and the fluid in the cylinder. Calculate the force of the piston when the fluid applies 20lbs/in2 to it. Show your work. 2 Piston Area = .27in F FORCE P A = 4lbs Pressure? Finger trapping air in cylinder Answer: psi measurements of pressure lbs/in2 (psi) Pascal (Pa) 1 newton 1 1 Pound Force = Force = A force of 1 pound A force of 1 newton applied over an applied over an area area of 1 square inch = 1 psi of 1 square meter = 1 Pa produces a pressure produces a pressure 1 Inch2 1 Meter2 of 1 pound per of 1 pascal. square inch (1lb/in2) pounds per square inch Pascal can be can be abbreviated as “psi” abbreviated as "Pa" TeacherGeek Inc. Permission granted for editing and printing to schools, libraries and non-profits. Materials for this activity at teachergeek.comteachergeek.com.. Adult supervision required for children under 12. Page 7 FLUID POWER LAB Pascal’s law Pascal’s Law: a confined fluid transmits an externally applied pressure uniformly in all directions. Piston A applies pressure to the fluid inside chamber B . The fluid transmits the pressure in every direction and to every surface it touches. FORCE B 7. If the pressure is 5psi in chamber , Squeezing a toothpaste tube what is the pressure in line C is an example of Pascal’s Law. and chamber D ? Squeezing applies external A pressure to the toothpaste fluid inside. The toothpaste transmits the force equally in all directions, pushing Answer: psi D paste out and making B C the tube walls bulge. Pressurizing Marshmallows A Pull the piston out from the cylinder and place one small marshmallow inside the chamber. B Push the piston in while covering the fluid port with your finger. What happens to the marshmallow? Piston C Push the piston in with your finger off the port. D Put your finger over the port and pull the piston back. Put in Marshmallow Watch the marshmallow. 8. What happened to the marshmallow? Cylinder 9. Why, according to Pascal’s Law, did the marshmallow equally grow and shrink on all sides? Finger TeacherGeek Inc. Permission granted for editing and printing to schools, libraries and non-profits. Materials for this activity at teachergeek.comteachergeek.com.. Adult supervision required for children under 12. Page 8 FLUID POWER LAB calculating pressure Example Calculation Your Calculation Force = Force = 10. Calculate the pressure 20 lbs Note: Numbers used in 7 lbs this example are not real inside the cylinder. cylinder values. They are for example purposes only. Formulas: Area of a circle = π • Radius2 P = Pressure F F = Force Calculate the P A A = Area Area of the Piston Note: Measure an actual 14ml cylinder and find the area of its piston (do not measure the 0.3in Radius drawing on this paper or use the example area value). Show your work below: Area = π • Radius2 3.14 • 0.3in • 0.3in Area = 0.28in2 Calculate Pressure Pressure 20lbs F 2 P A .28in = 71.4lbs/in2 Finger over tip so no air escapes. Answer: TeacherGeek Inc. Permission granted for editing and printing to schools, libraries and non-profits. Materials for this activity at teachergeek.comteachergeek.com.. Adult supervision required for children under 12. Page 9 FLUID POWER LAB pneumatic play You will need a 14ml-14ml pneumatic system for this section. Refer to the end of the lab for assistance assembling. tip use colored water in hydraulic systems A B Push One Piston Push and pull piston A .
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