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Distribution and Migration of Sonic-Tagged Sturgeon

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Distribution and Migration of Sonic-Tagged Sturgeon DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATION OF SONIC-TAGGED STURGEON WITH REGARDS TO OVERWINTERING HABITAT IN THE LOWER FRASER RIVER, 2011-12 By: Sara Ghilarducci Mike Reeve BRITISH COLUMBIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY FISH, WILDLIFE, AND RECREATION 2011/2012 DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATION OF SONIC-TAGGED STURGEON WITH REGARDS TO OVERWINTERING HABITAT IN THE LOWER FRASER RIVER, 2011-12 By: Sara Ghilarducci Mike Reeve A REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DIPLOMA OF TECHNOLOGY In FISH, WILDLIFE & RECREATION MANAGEMENT RENEWABLE RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CONSTRUCTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT _________________________________ Supervisor _________________________________ Program Head BRITISH COLUMBIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY May, 2012 Abstract A previously sonic-tagged sub-population of 110 white sturgeon, (Acipenser transmontanus), was tracked using mobile tracking equipment from October 2011 to February 2012. The study was performed on the Lower Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada, from the Port Mann Bridge downstream to the confluence of the Sumas River upstream, including the Lower Pitt River from its confluence with the Fraser River up to Grant Narrows Regional Park at the outlet of Pitt Lake. The study area was broken into 4 reaches to accommodate what could be reasonably assessed on a given day of tracking. A 16’ fiberglass boat mounted with a Vemco VR 100 sonic-tracking unit was utilized to track the sonic-tagged sturgeon, which were previously implanted with the acoustic tags. The aim of this study was to conduct sampling once each for all four of the study reaches during both the fall (pre-winter) and winter (overwinter) periods to try and identify distribution and seasonal shifts in habitat usage. Additionally, water temperatures, depth at detection and flow rates were recorded for each of the sample days. Water temperatures ranged from a low of 0ᵒ Celsius to a high of 8ᵒ Celsius. Depth at detection ranged from ~6-30 meters. Flow rates ranged from a high of ~2100 m3/s in October 2011, coinciding with fall rains, to a low of ~850m3/s in January 2012, coinciding with freezing temperatures. The main findings of this study include: A total of 18 individuals from the original 110 tagged sturgeon were detected in the study area at some point, with daily detections ranging from 0-10 individuals. The sturgeon that were detected were scattered throughout the study area with the highest concentration observed on the Lower Pitt River, (rkm P11 Ernie’s hole). Of the 18 individuals detected, two were detected in both study periods. Movements of these sturgeon varied from <1 km to >37 km with 61% moving >5 km over the course of the four years since initially tagged. Although generally adults tended to move less than juveniles, there was no significant difference in distance travelled as it related to size of the sturgeon. From the data that we gathered during our study, it appears that sturgeon may prefer a variety of sites in the study area, with rkm P11 being preferred. This may be a preferred year round location for all size classes of fish as the data suggests. Replication of this study in future years is recommended to gain a clearer picture of distribution and migration of these fish. 1 Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 6 2.0 Purpose and Objectives ..................................................................................................................... 9 3.0 Study Area ........................................................................................................................................ 9 3.1 Site Description ................................................................................................................................... 9 3.2.1 Gravel Reach of the Lower Fraser River ..................................................................................... 9 3.2.2 Sand Reach of the Lower Fraser River ...................................................................................... 10 3.2.3 Project Study Areas .................................................................................................................... 10 4.0 Methods........................................................................................................................................... 15 5.0 Results ............................................................................................................................................. 17 5.1 Overall Total Detections ............................................................................................................. 17 5.2 Pre-winter and Overwinter Distribution and Movements of Sub-population of 110 tagged White Sturgeon in the Lower Fraser River, B.C. ............................................................................................... 19 6.0 Discussion ....................................................................................................................................... 23 6.1 Distribution of Detected Sturgeon ................................................................................................. 23 6.2 Habitat Utilization by Sturgeon .................................................................................................... 24 7.0 Recommendations & Conclusions .................................................................................................. 24 References ................................................................................................................................................... 26 Appendices .................................................................................................................................................. 27 APPENDIX A ......................................................................................................................................... 27 APPENDIX B ......................................................................................................................................... 29 APPENDIX C ......................................................................................................................................... 32 APPENDIX D ......................................................................................................................................... 34 APPENDIX E ......................................................................................................................................... 46 APPENDIX F.......................................................................................................................................... 51 2 List of Figures Figure 1. Map of British Columbia with an outline of the entire length of the Fraser River highlighted in red.. ............................................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 2. Study area of the 2011/2012 sonic tracking of sturgeon migration, highlighted in blue.. ............. 8 Figure 3. Study Reach 1- Port Mann Bridge upstream to Golden Ears Bridge including the Lower Pitt River upstream to the Pitt River Bridge. ..................................................................................................... 11 Figure 4. Study Reach 2- Encompasses a large portion of the Lower Pitt River starting at the Pitt River Bridge upstream to the outflow of Pitt Lake. .............................................................................................. 12 Figure 5. Study Reach 3- Golden Ears Bridge upstream to Mission Bridge including Derby Reach and Matsqui channel. ......................................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 6. Study Reach 4- Mission Bridge upstream to confluence of the Sumas River and the Fraser River. ........................................................................................................................................................... 14 Figure 8. 16' Hourston fiberglass boat used in the study of white sturgeon on the Lower Fraser River .... 15 Figure 9. This figure shows the approximate method of covering a given reach crossing from bank to bank at 45 degree angles at a slow speed to detect tags of tagged sturgeon. .............................................. 16 Figure 10. Graph showing detections broken down by size class (< 1meter, > 1meter), and number of individuals detected, whether new (capture) or previous (recapture). ........................................................ 18 Figure 11. Graph showing size range
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