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UN-Water Country Briefs. Oman

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UN-Water Country Briefs. Oman year Rapid Assessment Data Concerns Total population (UN Population Division) 2.9 million inhabitants 2012 Total area (FAO FAOSTAT) 309 500 km2 2011 Data is a vital input to water management and invest- Although Oman has an extensive hydrometric moni- 2 ment in water-related infrastructure and projects. toring network, the climatic and other agronomic Population density 9 inhabitants/km 2012 Overall The lack of quality and reliability of physical data in conditions in Oman can make investments in Human Development Index (UNDP) (between 0 and 0.731 Pressures on water Investments a country makes water-related investment decisions irrigation risky. It would be prudent to enhance 1; 1 is highest) The growing economy has brought an increase in Oman's water security is at high risk due to the inherently more complex and investments more risky data and information to reduce investment risks for Country rank (total 187 countries; 1 is highest) 84 2012 for investors. future irrigation investment programmes. urbanization with a demand for high levels of service scarcity of water in the country. During the last Gender Inequality Index (0 is equality between 0.328 and quality for water supplies. The accompanying re- decade the government has expanded its investment In addition to an assessment of priority data needs It is to be noted that it is virtually impossible to find women and men; 1 is least equality) quirement for foodstuffs has led to a major expansion in water infrastructure through the National Water from the basis of national decision-makers and national-level gender-disaggregated data for almost all Water, sanitation and hygiene-related deaths % of Oman of groundwater-based agriculture over the last 50 Resources Master Plan, which aims to secure water 1.1 % 2004 international investors (donors and loan capital) it themes contained in the UN-Water Country Briefs. total deaths (WHO) years, beyond that of the traditional aflaj areas, so that supply and improve water infrastructure by the is prudent for countries to establish a forward work UN-Water Country Brief water demand in the agricultural sector has tripled, year 2020. The total investment is expected to reach programme of data management. Modest investments This project was implemented by the Long-term average annual precipitation (CRU CL 2.0) 125 mm/year creating imbalances between the water resources US$071530 million over the next two decades. AQUASTAT Programme of the Food and in coordinated data collection, collation, analysis and Long-term average actual renewable water 3 consumption rate and water availability. Water During the current 5 year plan Oman has invested 1 400 million m /year dissemination are vital to demonstrate the benefits Agriculture Organization of the United Nations resources (FAO AQUASTAT) demand is expected to further increase during the in excess of US$ 3 800 million. of water-related investments to governments, donors (FAO) on behalf of UN-Water with financial Water withdrawals by sector next 20 years as a result of increasing population from Actual annual renewable water resources per capita 3 and ultimately private capital investors. support from United States Department of 483 m /inhabitant 2012 (total 1 321 million m3 in 2003) ( FAO AQUASTAT) 2.85 to 3.5 million, alongside the increasing rate of State (USDS). Brief produced: 3 June 2013 (FAO AQUASTAT) urbanization and changing diets and, consequently, % of total actual renewable freshwater resources 88% Agricultural increasing water demands. The balancing of this defi- 84 % 2003 withdrawn (MDG Water Indicator) (FAO AQUASTAT) cit is considered a main challenge for the country. The 10% Municipal National Water Resources Master Plan for the period Additional information Groundwater withdrawal as % of total freshwater on the project, data 100 % 2003 2001-2020 concluded that there is a requirement for withdrawal (FAO AQUASTAT) 2% Industrial and methodologies an additional supply and/or adjustment of water use f H it o ha o Total area equipped for irrigation (FAO FAOSTAT) 3 ra can be accessed at: 59 000 2011 to yield overall about 330 million m /year in order to t r BAHRAIN S m meet future additional priority demands and restore Khasab u ISLAMIC REPUBLIC % of cultivated area equipped for irrigation z http://www.unwater.org/ 84 % 2011 the existing deficit during the Master Plan period. OF IRAN (FAO FAOSTAT) MUSANDAM WaterCountryBriefs.html Persian Gulf PAKISTAN QATAR Oman Enclave Assessments Data Quality Gulf of Oman AL BATNAH Irrigated agriculture Suhar There are high levels of water use by farmers. The government has allocated some investment in improv- Data is dated; only available for the first years of ing supply management, which aims to increase the availability of water resources by constructing dams the 21st century. Limited availability of data to As Suwayq Al-Sib in the main wadis. More efforts have also been given to improve water demand management by improving assess economic viability of expanding irrigation. UNITED ARAB Wadi Al Muscat Ibri Khoud irrigation water use efficiency through the use of water saving devices. These efforts have had a positive impact EMIRATES Matrah Disclaimers The Money Stream in food production and in stabilizing food prices. AL DHAHIRA MUSCAT • The most recent and updated information can be During 2001 to 2011, the government invested US$ 288.19 million (in constant 2010 US$) on average per year % of water-related to total government Drinking water supply and sanitation found in the original databases cited throughout. on water-related infrastructure and programmes. During the same period, official development assistance expenditure 2001-2009 A DAKHLIYA (ODA) gross disbursements amounted to US$ 0.08 million on average per year. In 2010, 11 percent of the population still does not use an improved drinking water source, but 99 Data is available • The rapid assessment methodology presented percent use improved sanitation facilities. Seventy-two percent of national water-related funds have 3.3% A SHARQIYA here is an advocacy tool designed to generate Throughout this period, the government’s total water-related investments accounted for an estimated 3.3 been channeled into large water supply and sanitation systems. Umm as debate and attention to the issues, and is devel- percent of the government's total expenditures. Over three-quarters of government expenditure was chan­ Samim Water intensity in industry oped in conjunction with national government neled into water supply and sanitation-large systems (77.6 percent). Water supply and sanitation received The value generated by industry per 3m of water has increased by about 59 percent between 2000 and 2003. Insufficient data available SAUDI ARABIA focal points. the bulk of the ODA disbursements during this period (52 percent for basic water supply and sanitation and 22.5 percent for large systems), and river/wadis development was second in ODA priority (27.5 percent). Water-related disasters insufficient data AL WUSTA • Data presented herein stems either from existing Gulf of databases or was collected from national reports, Insufficient data/ data not available for analysis. Insufficient data available Masira experts and institutions, and in some cases Water-related government expenditure Official development assistance gross disbursement Environment and ecosystem health raw data underwent various manipulations to during the period 2001 - 2010 and buget for the years 2011, in during the period 2001 - 2011, in million constant 2010 US$ The water balance shows that in many areas demand for water exceeds natural replenishment. In By the end of 2010, the hydrometric monitoring categorize the information for this presentation. million constant 2010 US$ (average for all years) (average for all years) coastal areas, over-withdrawal has led to saline water intrusion and a deterioration in water quality. network reached more than four thousands (4680) • Due to data limitations, the investment-related The increasing salinity is probably the single most economically devastating water resource problem facing the monitoring points in addition to a telemetry n ha hi Ghubbat i S estimates may not include water-related invest- country at present. The use of agrochemicals, both fertilizers and pesticides, is a widespread and potentially network that consists of 27 stations particularly ad Sawqirah W ments that are counted under other categories 223.64 0.02 serious hazard to groundwater quality, although the government has passed many laws. located in remote areas. The monitoring data is DHOFAR Arabian of investments, and some investment categories used to assess, develop and manage the water Sea 77.6% 22.5% resources. (ie: disaster prevention and preparedness) 27.60 0.01 may include some investments that are not 9.6% 17.5% Tracking governance Salalah directly water-related. Moreover, water being a YEMEN Adoption of the National Water Resources Master Plan 2001-2020. Since 1973, over 50 separate pieces Insufficient data available crosscutting issue, investments in other parts of 7.2% 20.93 0.00 0.7% of environmental legislation have been enacted in connection with various aspects of the environment, the government (not calculated here) may also 4.5% 0.0% covering topics from the protection of fish, flora and fauna, to waste disposal and quality standards for drinking benefit water management. Disaster prevention and water and the reuse of treated sewage effluent. 1.1% 12.90 preparedness 0.00 7.3% Legend • The words investments/invested/funded
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