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Protected Agriculture- Fu Tfie Arabian Peninsula ?fv~Acr-?~ ( I(l~) ~lf; Protected Agriculture- fu tfie Arabian Peninsula ~, / , - (1, Ll , i -I OMJllil , .;~(Jt:Jf , .. ~I~ '" .... " _}',;.".; J~ ,1/:t:ri , JL IFAD FAO MMAA,QATAR ICARDA /'\.L' / - / fll -f'- C-r- ../ / : ,~ Protected Agriculture in the Arabian Peninsula Summary Proceedmgs ofan InternatIOnal Workshop 15-18 February 1998, Doha, Qatar EdItors Ahmed T. Moustafa Department ofAgrrcultural & Water Research, Doha, Qatar Abdulrahman AI Mohammadi Department ofAgrrcultural & Water Research, Doha, Qatar Ayman Abou-Hadid Am Shams Unrverslty, CaIro, Egypt and John M. Peacock ArabIan Penmsula RegIonal Program, ICARDA, Dubal, UAE Sponsors Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO) Department of Agncultural & Water Research, Qatar (DAWR) International Center for Agricultural Research In the Dry Areas (ICARDA) International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) 1998 I © 1998 International Center for Agricultural Research In the Dry Areas (ICARDA) All rights reserved ICARDA encourages fair use of thiS material Proper Citation IS requested Citation: Moustafa, AT, A AI-Mohammadl, A Abou-Hadld and J M Peacock 1998 Protected Agriculture In the Arabian Peninsula Summary Proceedings of an International Workshop, 15-18 February 1998, Doha, Qatar International Center for Agricultural Research In the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria x + 104 pp Language Editor Guy R Manners ISBN 92-9127-081-4 ICARDA POBox 5466, Aleppo, Syria Phone (963-21)2213433,2213477,2225112,2225012 Fax (963-21)2213490,2225105,2219380,2744622 Telex (492) 331208,331263,331206 ICARDA SY Website http //www cglar orgllcarda E-mail ICARDA@cglar org The vIews expressed tn these proceedtngs are those of the authors and not necessanly those of the sponsors or ICARDA The mentIon of trade names does not Imply endorsement of or dlscnmtnatlOn agamst any product by ICARDA 11 Contents Foreword Vll EdItors' Note IX Aclmowledgments X Introduction I John M Peacock Opening Addresses 5 Opemng Address by Mr AlI Bm Saad Al Kuwan 5 Undersecretary ofthe Ml1ustry ofMunzczpal Affazrs and Agrzculture, Qatar Openmg Address by Prof Dr Adel EI-Beltagy 7 Dzrector General, ICARDA Openmg Address by Mr Abdulrahman Al Mahmoud 8 Dzrector, Department ofAgricultural and Water Research Openmg Address by Dr Mahmoud B Solh 9 Dzrector ofInternatwnal Cooperatwn, ICARDA State of the Art of Protected Agriculture in the Arabian Peninsula IO OverVIew ofProtected Agnculture m the ArabIan Pemnsuia 10 Ayman F Abou-Hadld Protected AgrIculture m the State ofBahram 13 Shezkh Mohamed Abdul Wahab Al-Khalifa and Mohammed T Al-Shazkh Protected AgrIculture III the State ofKUWaIt 17 AfafY AI-Nasser and NR Bhat Protected AgrlCulture m the Sultanate ofOman 27 Osman A Szdahmed, Muthzr S Al Rawahy and Fatma S Al Razsy III Plotected Agnculture In the State of Qatar 31 Abdulrahman Al Mohammadl and Ahmed T Moustafa Protected Agnculture In the KIngdom of SaudI ArabIa 36 Khaled Al Zelr Protected Agnculture m the Umted Arab EmIrates 40 Mohamed Sager Al Asam Protected Agnculture In the Republlc ofYemen 44 Amm AH Al-Klrslll and Taher AM Abbas Summary ofDISCUSSIons 50 Structures and Climate Control for Protected Agriculture in Arid Environments 53 Structure and Covenng Matenals ofGreenhouses In ArId, Hot ClImates 53 Chnstwn von Zabeltltz Greenhouse ClImate Control In And, Warm CountrIes State of the AI t and ProspectIve 54 Alam BazZle Summary ofMaJor Issues ArlSlng and DISCUSSlOn 55 Future ActiVIties and Research PnontIes 59 Soilless Culture and Water Use EffiCIency 64 SOIlless Culture and Water Use EffICIency for Greenhouses In And, Hot ClImates 64 S W Burrage Summary ofMaJor Issues ArIsmg and DISCUSSIOn 65 Future ActIVItIes and Research PnontIes 68 IV Postharvest Issues for Protected Agriculture Production 70 Postharvest Handlmg and Momtonng ofQuahty for Vegetables Produced m Greenhouses under And Hot Chmates 70 Wzlfned H Schmtzler Summary ofMa]or Issues Ansmg and DISCUSSIOn 70 Future ActIvItles and Research Pnontles 72 Integrated Plant Production and Protection 73 Recent Developments m Integrated ProductlOn and ProtectIOn Management for Greenhouse Crops CultlvatlOn 73 WO Baudom Integrated Fohar DIsease Management for Greenhouses m And, Hot Chmates 74 Mohamed Abdel-LatifNoJal Integrated Management ofS011bome Pests for Greenhouses m And, Hot Chmates 75 James J Stapleton Summary ofMa]or Issues Ansmg and DIscussIOn 76 Future ActIvItles and Research Pnontles 78 Regional Networking 81 ReglOnal Networks for Protected AgrIculture m the ArabIan Pemnsula m VIew ofthe MedIterranean Expenence 81 A Papasolomontos Summary ofMa]or Issues Ansmg and DISCUSSIOn 82 Field Trips 86 IntroductIOn 86 HortIculture & Greenhouse Expenmental StatIon, Ottona 86 Arab Qatan AgrIcultural ProductIOn Company, Al Shahama 89 v Al Samena Farm, Rawdat RashId, Al Shahama 92 AI-Sulalteen AgrIcultural Complex 93 Strategy and Workplan 95 Protected AgrIculture III the Arabian Pemnsula A Strategy and Workplan for Research and Transfer ofTechnology 95 Ahmed T Moustafa Summary ofDISCUSSIon 100 PartICIpants 101 VI Foreword Protected agrIculture represents the most mtensIVe and dynamIc fonn of agrIcultural productIOn In the ArabIan Penmsula, the adverse clImatIc cond1tIons of harsh weather, scarcIty of water and lImIted land resources neceSSItate the use of protected agrIculture where enV1ronment and productIOn-tImmg can be controlled and yIeld can be Improved Investment m protected agrIculture IS hIgh due to the cost of structures, good­ qualIty water, hybnd seeds, speCIalIzed fertIlIzers, and chemIcal and bIOlogIcal control To achIeve and mamtam h1gh levels of productIOn, well-tramed technICIans and managers are reqUlred Well-des1gned greenhouses wIth SOph1st1cated clImate-control facI11tIes can be very expenSIVe, but can prOVIde nch dIVIdends It IS Important to recognIze that an efficIent greenhouse mdustry can have a sIgn1ficant effect on the economy ofa country Protected agrIculture-wIth ItS assocIated growmg systems-ean mmImIze envIronmental degradatIOn m a number of ways Compared wIth field crop productIOn, protected agr1culture can 1 slgn1ficantly reduce the amount of water and fertllIzers utIlIzed m growmg the product, 2 reduce and poss1bly elImmate the potentIal contammatIOn of groundwater by fertIlIzers and pestIc1des, 3 prOVIde the pOSSIbIlIty of economIcally producmg 'orgamc' products, 4 elImmate or mmImIze the use of tOXIC pestICIdes through the adoptIOn of an unproved mtegrated plant productIOn and protectIOn program a1med at preventmg mfestatIOn and use ofbIOlogIcal control methods To reVlew the state-of-the-art ofprotected agrIculture m the regIOn, thIS workshop, the fIrst of 1tS kmd, was orgamzed by the ArabIan Penmsula RegIOnal Program (APRP) and financ1ally supported by the Arab Fund for EconomIC and SOCIal Development (AFESD) and the InternatIOnal Fund for AgrIcultural Development (IFAD) InternatIOnal experts m dIfferent aspects ofprotected agrIculture, together w1th the regIOnal experts, researchers and speCIalIsts from the Arab1an Penmsula countrIes attended thIS meetmg to exchange mfonnatIOn and d1SCUSS the present and future for protected agrIculture m the ArabIan Penmsula The major aspects ofprotected agr1culture addressed m thIS workshop were • Greenhouse deSIgn, structure and covenng matenals • Growmg systems m relatIOn to water-use effiCIency, fert1gatIOn and postharvest technology • Integrated plant productIOn and protectIOn • RegIOnal networkmg for the exchange ofexpenence and mfonnatIOn Vll The recommendatIOns from thIS meetmg fom1 the basIs for Immediate and long­ term strategIes for protected-agnculture development m the ArabIan Penmsula The Issue of commumcatIOn and exchange of mformatIon was hIghlIghted m the workshop and as a result a RegIonal Network for Protected AgrIculture IS bemg developed The meetmg was mamly supported by AFESD and IFAD The Food and Agnculture OrgamzatIOn of the Umted NatIon (FAO) contnbuted partIally by supportmg the partICIpatIOn of two SCIentIsts and fmancmg the edItIng of the proceedmgs The workshop was orgamzed locally by the Mmistry of Mumcipal Affairs and Agnculture ofQatar and ICARDA It was a step m the nght dIrectIOn for the Arabian Pemnsula RegIOnal Program (APRP) ofICARDA and the natIOnal, regIOnal and mternatIOnal experts to bU1ld a strong, techmcally sound and effICIent protected-agnculture mdustry m the ArabIan Pemnsula I trust that the followmg pages and the associated web-SIte WIll prove a valuable tool for all those mvolved m developmg protected agnculture m the regIOn as we move mto the 21st century c Prof Dr Adel El-Beltagy DIrector General ICARDA Vlll Editors' Note These proceedmgs are only the first part of the output of the InternatIOnal Workshop on Protected AgrIculture m the ArabIan Pemnsula, held m Doha, Qatar, on 15-18 February 1998 In addItIOn to the abstracts of the techmcal papers and the summanes of the ensumg dIscussIOn sessIOns publIshed here, the full papers WIll be made avaIlable In fact, thIS publIcation may be seen as a 'taster' for the outputs ofthe Doha Workshop For those wIshmg to obtam more mformatIOn on the techmcal presentatIOns of the Workshop, the ArabIan Pemnsula RegIOnal Program (APRP) of the InternatIOnal Center for AgrIcultural Research m the Dry Areas (ICARDA) has made the full papers aVaIlable on Its HomePage For those WIthout Internet/World-WIde Web access, the word-processed files (m MIcrosoft Word 97) are aVaIlable from
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