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Adventure of Life Adventure of Life Reminiscences of Pauline Podlashuk Copyright © 2008 by Effie Seftel and Judy Nasatyr All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. This book was typeset in Zapf Elliptical by Henry Beitz using Microsoft® Word 2000 and Adobe® Acrobat 5.0. Preface A note from the editors Pauline Podlashuk, our great aunt, wrote these memoirs in the early 1960s when she was in her eighties. She sent them to a grand-niece in London, asking her to arrange for publication. In January 1965 the publishers Cassell and Company wrote back as follows: We have now given serious consideration to Dr. Pauline Podlashuk’s memoirs: ADVENTURE OF LIFE, and I am sorry to have to tell you that we shall not be able to accept it for publication. Your Great Aunt certainly had an eventful life, and the manuscript makes for interesting reading. Unfortunately too much work would have to be done on it before the manuscript was publishable – and this we could not undertake. … In editing these memoirs, we can endorse the publisher’s view that the manuscript was indeed interesting but needed a great deal of work. We tried to retain our great aunt’s voice and use her words and phrases wherever possible. Sometimes we changed sentences and then on a second (or third or fourth) reading, returned to her original. Chances are that when you come across wording that makes you sit up and take extra notice, and expressions that are considered 'politically incorrect' today, it is her original voice. The work has been a family project with a great niece, a great nephew, and even a great, great niece contributing as readers and with lay-out. Judy Nasatyr and Effie Schultz ii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Childhood ................................................................1 South Africa ...........................................................41 Life in Johannesburg 1904 - 1912 ..........................63 Travels abroad........................................................83 Back in South Africa............................................107 My dream realised................................................133 Life as a medical student ........................................147 Summer vacation in Brittany and Paris...............163 1921 - 1923...........................................................179 Lithuania - 1923 ...................................................191 Fourth year of medicine.......................................203 1924 – 1925 ..........................................................215 Vienna ..................................................................223 Heidelberg............................................................245 Holiday in Switzerland ........................................257 Last months abroad..............................................265 Appendix..............................................................273 TABLE OF CONTENTS v EARLY DAYS IN SHAVLI Childhood Early days in Shavli 1 I was born in a town called Shavli in the province of Kovno in Russia. After the First World War the province of Kovno became Lithuania with 2 the city of Kovno as its capital. My parents, Liebe and Zalman Pod- lashuk, had come from Belarus not long before I was born. They were in the tobacco business and Father opened a small tobacco factory in Shavli. It was not a success so his brother Yudel, who was more enter- prising, took over the factory and in no time converted it into a large and growing concern. Uncle Yudel then sent Father to the Ukraine to buy raw tobacco and send it to Shavli. We saw very little of Father. He would come home twice a year to spend the high religious holidays with us and to talk business with Uncle Yu- del. My mother was in rather poor health - always coughing - and in need of care. With Father away my second eldest sister Deborah looked after Mother, the house and us, the younger children. My eldest sister Golda had married at eighteen in 1881, in the same year that I was born. She also lived in Shavli. I had two older brothers, Samuel and Phillip, and one younger brother, Charlie. 1 Shavel in Yiddish and Šiauliai in Lithuanian 2 Kaunas in Lithuanian 1 CHAPTER 1 - CHILDHOOD We were not well off and lived in a small house in Garden Street. In front of the house were two old chestnut trees. There was also a whole row of chestnut trees behind a tall stone wall, which ran along a high pavement where children used to collect chestnuts in late summer. Be- hind the wall and the trees were stables belonging to the estate of Count Zoubov. Our house, together with others in a yard at the back of our house, had at one time been part of the Zoubov Estate. The first Count Zoubov was a favourite of the Empress Katherine the Great of Russia and was given land in this part of the Empire. The Zoubovs built up the estate. There was a large park that was open to eve- ryone, and big grounds with a palace, flower gardens and orchards where the towns-people could buy the choicest fruit. Further down in Garden Street, beyond the big gate that was the entrance to the estate and the palace, were some nice houses with gardens, and a girls’ school. At the very furthest end, and it seemed very far away, were soldiers' bar- racks. Shavli was a largish garrison town. A regiment of Russian soldiers was stationed there. The soldiers would come marching past our house. They always sang Russian folk or marching songs that we children loved. We learnt to sing many of them. They were most melodious and so different from the mournful wailings of the Lithuanians that we heard every time a Lithuanian funeral procession passed the same way. There were no Lithuanian soldiers in Shavli. The Lithuanians served their three years' military conscription far away from their homes somewhere in central Russia or in the Caucasus Having a garrison of soldiers with a colonel and a number of officers with their wives and children who all spoke Russian, the town was Rus- sian. There was a Noblemen's Club, an Officers' Club, a Russian Gymna- sium (high school) for boys, a private Russian Gymnasium for girls 2 EARLY DAYS IN SHAVLI called The Pension, and a Russian Gymnasium for Jewish boys. There were no Lithuanian schools and I do not know how they maintained their language. In all government offices only Russian was spoken but in the streets one heard many languages, including Polish. The peasants all spoke Lithuanian, which I could not understand. The main street in town was called Nevsky Prospect after the famous street in St Petersburg. There were many shops on the street. In the late afternoon and evening people would promenade up and down, officers and students mixing with the crowd. In summer the popular promenade was Count Zoubov's park. Once or twice a week a military band played in the wide long avenue of chestnut trees that had stood in the park for the last two centuries. When I was five years old, I was sent to a small private school that was run by a Miss Raise Asse. As I look back over the years, I realise that this little school laid a very good foundation for my education. I started with the Russian alphabet which has thirty-six letters, there being a letter for every sound. This made it very easy for me to learn to read. A few months later I had to learn the German alphabet and after this, the French. In all three languages I was taught nursery rhymes, some of which I still remember. Having learnt to read, I clamoured for books with fairy tales that absorbed me more than playing with dolls. In my second year at school I was taught arithmetic. This was also quite easy for me. When I was nine years old, my sister Deborah got married and my eldest brother Sam left for South Africa. He was due to be conscripted into the army. He was not keen on this as it meant that three years of his life would be wasted. Other young men in Shavli had fled to South Africa to avoid military service. They were earning good money and sending some home to help their parents. Sam decided to follow their example. It was 3 CHAPTER 1 - CHILDHOOD then decided that Mother, Phillip, Charlie and I should go to Mena in the Ukraine to join Father. Move to Mena This was my first long journey by train. It took two days and two nights to travel from Shavli in the Baltic provinces to Mena in the Ukraine, where Father lived. Mena was a small town in the province of Cher- nigov. The train passed through numerous villages and small and large towns such as Vilna, Minsk, Mogilev and Gomel. Between stations we saw grain fields, thick forests and the old swamps of White Russia, now known as Belarus. We crossed a number of rivers. The carriage in which we were travelling was one assigned to students who were going from the provinces, where there were no universities, to Kiev and Kharkov. Jewish students had a better chance of being admit- ted to these universities than to those in other large cities in Great Rus- sia, like Moscow and St Petersburg where Jews, with some exceptions, had no right to settle. The students in our compartment, almost all medical students, were very kind to Mother and helped her with us so that she could get some rest. We must have passed Vilna during the night because I do not remember seeing anything of it on that journey. When we came to Minsk at dusk the following day, the students took us children to see the town. The students knew when to return and told mother not to worry if we were not back soon. We were taken by tram, a vehicle we had never seen be- fore.
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