Orlah and Terumot and Ma'aserot for Fruits and Vegetables Exported From
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Foreword, Abbreviations, Glossary
FOREWORD, ABBREVIATIONS, GLOSSARY The Soncino Babylonian Talmud TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH WITH NOTES Reformatted by Reuven Brauner, Raanana 5771 1 FOREWORDS, ABBREVIATIONS, GLOSSARY Halakhah.com Presents the Contents of the Soncino Babylonian Talmud TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH WITH NOTES, GLOSSARY AND INDICES UNDER THE EDITORSHIP OF R AB B I D R . I. EPSTEIN B.A., Ph.D., D. Lit. FOREWORD BY THE VERY REV. THE LATE CHIEF RABBI DR. J. H. HERTZ INTRODUCTION BY THE EDITOR THE SONCINO PRESS LONDON Original footnotes renumbered. 2 FOREWORDS, ABBREVIATIONS, GLOSSARY These are the Sedarim ("orders", or major There are about 12,800 printed pages in the divisions) and tractates (books) of the Soncino Talmud, not counting introductions, Babylonian Talmud, as translated and indexes, glossaries, etc. Of these, this site has organized for publication by the Soncino about 8050 pages on line, comprising about Press in 1935 - 1948. 1460 files — about 63% of the Soncino Talmud. This should in no way be considered The English terms in italics are taken from a substitute for the printed edition, with the the Introductions in the respective Soncino complete text, fully cross-referenced volumes. A summary of the contents of each footnotes, a master index, an index for each Tractate is given in the Introduction to the tractate, scriptural index, rabbinical index, Seder, and a detailed summary by chapter is and so on. given in the Introduction to the Tractate. SEDER ZERA‘IM (Seeds : 11 tractates) Introduction to Seder Zera‘im — Rabbi Dr. I Epstein INDEX Foreword — The Very Rev. The Chief Rabbi Israel Brodie Abbreviations Glossary 1. -
Demai for the Poor
בס"ד Volume 13. Issue 11 Demai for the Poor The Mishnah (3:1) teaches that one is able to feed that the Rambam explained the leniency was motivated demai produce to the poor. In other words, the to ease the mitzvah of tzedaka. Consequently, the requirement of separating terumot and maasrot from leniency is only afforded to the ani in that context - demai produce is lifted for an ani (poor person). The when one feeds an ani. If, however the ani receives a Mishnah continues that this leniency was also afforded good portion as part of a tzedaka distribution and takes to the achsanya. The Bartenura explains that this refers it home, then he is obligated to separate Demai. He to Jewish soldiers that passed through from town to explains that that is why the Mishnah used to word town. By force of law, the people of each town were “ma’achilin” (feed) and not “ochlin” (eat) when made responsible to feed them. Why are these people teaching this exemption, since it is only in the context excluded from the gezeirah of demai? of feeding the ani that he is exempt. This would also explain why the Mishnah only records the requirement Rashi (Eiruvin 17b) explains that whether or not one is of informing the ani in the case of a tzedaka truly required to separate terumot and maasrot from distribution but not in the case of feeding aniim demai. demai is doubtful – it is a safek. Furthermore, most Amei Haaretz separated everything that was required The Tosfot Yom Tov, however notes that the Rambam anyway. -
Pharmacology and Dietetics in the Bible and Talmud Fred
PHARMACOLOGY AND DIETETICS IN THE BIBLE AND TALMUD FRED ROSNER Introduction In his classic book on biblical and talmudic medicine, Julius Preuss devotes an entire chapter to materia medica and another chapter to dietetics, thereby accentuating the importance of these topics in Jewish antiquity and the middle ages. 1 Since numerous volumes could be written on either of these two vast subjects, this essay confines itself primarily to presentations of two examples of each topic. In regard to pharmacology in the Bible and Talmud, the famous balm of Gilead and the equally renowned biblical mandrakes will be discussed. As examples of dietetics, classic Jewish sources dealing with dairy products as well as chicken soup, the Jewish penicillin, will be cited. Pharmacology in Bible and Talmud One must be extremely careful in describing the pharmacology of antiquity. The entire system of dispensing drugs today is much simpler and more precise than even only a few decades ago. One need only compare the list of ingredients or length of prescriptions of one hundred years ago to a modern prescription. Medications described in the Bible and Talmud are mostly derived from the flora. However, numerous animal remedies were known to the talmudic Sages. For example, although honey was used to revive a person who fainted (? hypoglycemia), eating honey was thought to be harmful for wound healing. 2 A person with pain in the heart should suck goat's milk directly from the udder of the animal. 3 Someone bitten by a dog was given liver from that dog to eat4 as recommended by physicians in antiquity, perhaps an early form of immunotherapy. -
Daf Ditty Shekalim 14: Swept Away
Daf Ditty Shekalim 14: Swept Away The Death of Prince Leopold of Brunswick James Northcote (1746–1831) Hunterian Art Gallery, University of Glasgow Nephew of King Frederic II; from 1776 Regimentskommandeur und Stadtkommandant of Frankfurt (Oder); died tragically attempting to rescue some inhabitants of Frankfurt during the flood of 1785. 1 Halakha 2 · MISHNA There must be no fewer than seven trustees [amarkolin] and three treasurers appointed over the Temple administration. And we do not appoint an authority over the public comprised of fewer than two people, except for ben Aḥiyya, who was responsible for healing priests who suffered from intestinal disease, and Elazar, who was responsible for the weaving of the Temple curtains. The reason for these exceptions is that the majority of the public accepted these men upon themselves as officials who served without the assistance of even a single partner. 2 GEMARA: The mishna states that there must be no fewer three treasurers and seven trustees. The Gemara states that it was likewise taught in a baraita that there must be no fewer than two executive supervisors [katalikin]. This is as it is written in the verse that lists the men who supervised the receipt of teruma and tithes from the public and their distribution to the priests and the Levites, as well as the receipt of items dedicated to the Temple: And Jehiel, and Azaziah, and Nahath, and Asahel, and 13 גי ְָוֲַיﬠזזהוּ ִוִייחֵאל ְַוַנחתַ ַוֲﬠָשׂהֵאל Jerimoth, and Jozabad, and Eliel, and Ismachiah, and ְְִויַסְָמיכהוּ,ִִויירמוֹתְויָוָֹזבד, ֱֶוִאילֵאל ְְִויַסְָמיכהוּ, Mahath, and Benaiah, were overseers under the hand of מוּ ַ ַ ח ,ת בוּ ְ ָנ ָי וּה -- הו דיּמכונינ ,םַדִק ִִייְפּ ,םַדִק דיּמכונינ הו Conaniah and Shimei his brother, by the appointment of נָכּ( נַ יְ )וּהָ מִשְׁ ו ﬠְ יִ חָא ,ויִ מְ בּ פִ דַקְ חְ י זִ יִּקְ וּהָ וּהָ יִּקְ זִ חְ י דַקְ פִ מְ בּ ,ויִ חָא יִ ﬠְ מִשְׁ ו )וּהָ יְ נַ נָכּ( e,ֶ Hezekiah the king, and Azariah the ruler of the house ofֶלַהמּ ָוְּהיַרזֲַﬠו ידבְּגנ ֵיתִ - ִי.ֱםgהָהא God. -
Keeping Kosher in the U.S.A
Keeping Kosher in the U.S.A. The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Keeping Kosher in the U.S.A. (2002 Third Year Paper) Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:8852119 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Introduction Every waking moment should be governed by the laws of the Torah. Every action must accord with Torah principles. Torah law dictates which shoe one should put on first.1 There are also various laws relating to the bathroom.2 The Torah also teaches not only that one must pray three times a day, but also that the three prayers must each be recited during their respective specific time periods, as laid out by Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.3 With this in mind, it should come as no surprise that the Torah regulates what a Jew may eat and drink. Upon completing one of its renditions of the Jewish dietary laws, the Torah states that Jews have an obligation ‘‘to distinguish,’’ or ‘‘l’havdil’’ (in the original Hebrew) ‘‘between the contaminated and the pure, and between the animal that may eaten and the animal that may not be eaten.’’4 Rashi5 explains that the obligation goes beyond merely reading through the Torah passages that discuss these laws; rather one must learn the laws until he knows them, recognizes them, and is an expert in them.6 It is with this in mind that I now begin to scratch the surface of the Jewish dietary laws. -
Shabbos Hagadol Drasha 5777
The Moral Challenge of Our Most Expensive Holiday Rabbi Ariel Rackovsky Shabbos HaGadol 5777 Once again and as usual, I am indebted to my dear friend Rabbi Ben Skydell of Congregation Orach Chaim of Manhattan’s Upper East Side. Rabbi Skydell and I have been preparing Shabbat Hagadol and Shabbat Shuva Derashot together for several years now; he always does the lion’s share of the work and his incisive readings and excellent research always help refine and expand our ideas. May we go from strength to strength! I also want to acknowledge my parents, for whom this is the first time hearing me deliver a Shabbos HaGadol Derasha. I look forward to many more opportunities in the future to share Torah with you, in their presence. Two simple words. The headstone of the great Rav Chaim Soloveitchik says nothing about his illustrious career as Rosh Yeshiva in the Volozhin Yeshiva, as the author of a remarkable work on the Rambam or as the originator of a brand new analytical system of Talmud study. Instead, his epitaph pays tribute to a man who was known as much for his personal refinement and elevated character as he was for his brilliant mind. The two words are Rav Chessed- a pun, as it can be translated both as “a man of great kindness” or “A Rabbi of kindness.” An example of both Rav Chaim’s brilliance and compassion can be found in the story of a woman who came to him before Pesach with a halachic question. Is it permissible, she asked, to use milk instead of wine for 1 the four cups at the Seder? Rav Chaim explained to her that it is not; it is a biblical obligation to drink four cups of wine at the Seder, interspersed at strategic intervals throughout the journey of the Haggadah. -
Pack 0215-2018 R002 Draft 00.Indd
Land Definitions: Land Contracts,Tevel , Demai, Chaver etc Ref: Sefer Zeraim, Hilchot Maasrot, Chapters 6, 9, 10 and 12 TEVEL Tevel means produce from which trumah and maaser have not been separated. Eating tevel is forbidden. Kindling impure tevel. – Even though impure and not eaten, it is still forbidden to benefit from the fire. •Reminder: Forbidden Foods – Vegetables and Miscellaneous. Ref: Sefer Kedushah, Hilchot Maachalot Assurot, Chapter 10 and 11. Pack on Food. Planting tevel seeds – forbidden to sow before tithes separated. It is forbidden to sell tevel. If there is a dispute between seller and purchaser, and purchaser says “I purchased tithed produce” and seller says “I told you it was tevel”, we compel the seller to make the appropriate separations. Presents – Forbidden to send tevel as a present in case recipient will eat without tithing. Debts – One cannot pay a debt with tevel. Products taken by force (they were stolen from him) do not need separations of trumah and maaser. Rules regarding different contracts of land use i.e. • Arisut (sharecropping) – Choker – Hires field for a specific amount of produce. – Mekabel – Hires field for a percentage of the yield. • Socher – Rents land for sum of money. DEMAI Demai means produce where there is doubt if tithes had been separated. (de, mai – this, what is it?) Yochanan Kohen gadol ordained that (because only trumah was being separated), the demai should be treated as follows: s • Remove trumat maaser 1/100 and give to Priest. (because punishment would be death) • Assess maaser sheni and transfer holiness onto money. • If the Levi (first tithe or ani (poor person) (maaser ani) want their share, they need to bring proof that tithes had not been separated, and then take their tithes. -
Orlah: Practical Halacha and the Ideas Behind It - Rabbi Moshe Bloom Vayikra 19: 23-25
בס"ד Orlah: Practical halacha and the ideas behind it - Rabbi Moshe Bloom Vayikra 19: 23-25 וְכִי תָ בֹאּו לאֶ ץהָאָרֶ ּונְטַעְתֶ ם כָ ל עֵ ץ And when you shall come into the land, and shall have planted all מַ אֲ כָל וַעֲרַ םלְתֶ עָרְ לָ תֹו אֶ ת פִרְ יֹו שָ ֹלש manner of trees for food, then you shall count the fruit thereof as שָ נִים יִהְ יֶה לָ כֶם עֲרֵ לִ ים לֹא יֵאָ כֵ ל: forbidden; three years shall it be as forbidden unto you; it shall ּובַשָ נָה הָרְ בִיעִ ית יִהְ יֶה כָל פִ רְ יֹו קֹדֶ ש not be eaten. And in the fourth year all the fruit thereof shall be הִּלּולִ ים לַ ד': ּובַשָ נָה הַחֲ מִ ישִ ת holy, for giving praise unto the Lord. But in the fifth year may you תֹאכְ לּו אֶ תפִרְ יֹו לְ הֹוסִ יף לָ כֶם eat of the fruit thereof, that it may yield unto you more richly the תְ בּואָ תֹו אֲנִי ד' אֱ ֹלקֵ יכֶם. .increase thereof: I am the Lord your God Ta'amei HaMitzvah - Rationale for the Mitzvah Rambam (Maimonides), Guide for the Perplexed 3:3 כנגד עבודה זרה. To counter idol worship Ibn Ezra וידוע כי הפרי הבא עד שלש שנים אין בו It is known that a fruit that develops before the third year is תועלת ומזיק, כאשר יזיק לגוף כל דג not beneficial and is harmful, just as any fish without fins and שאין לו סנפיר וקשקשת, ויזיק לנפש scales is harmful to the body, and the flesh of raptors and החכמה בשר כל עוף דורס והבהמות impure animals will harm the wise soul, and the intelligent הטמאות, והמשכיל יבין. -
The Kashrus of Papain “America's
ww ww VOL. j h / NO. 3 KISLEV 5770 / DECEMBER 2009 s xc THEDaf a K ashrus a monthlyH newsletter for th e o U rabbinic field representative the kashrUs of papain Presented at the Harry H. Beren ASKOU OUTREACH Passaic – Clifton session of ASK the OU Kosher (Passaic) Rabbis except for the remarkable fact that rabbi gavriel price the great majority of papaya is har- RC, IAR Ingredient Review vested from the first three years of the papaya tree’s lifetime (the tree in the early twentieth centUry, Belgian grows astoundingly quickly – up colonists in the Congo noticed that the Congolese were care- to eight feet in its first year – and ful to store elephant meat in papaya leaves. Intrigued, they found bears fruit within 10-12 months. that the papaya leaves, besides protecting the meat, tenderized It trebles its height in the next it. Laboratory analysis demonstrated that a particular enzyme, two years and, although it can called papain, was the agent of the process. eke out one or two more seasons of fruit, is typically abandoned or cut down after three years). The Belgian companies were later built around processing and Torah (Vayikra, 19, 23) prohibits fruits borne to a tree in the first selling papain from Congolese papaya plantations. New applications three years of its existence. Although the prohibition, as recorded in were discovered and papain is now also used as a clarifying agent in Chumash, is limited to Eretz Yisroel, Moshe Rabbenu also taught, beer, as a softener in biscuits, and as a digestive aid (dietary supplement orally, that orlah applies outside of Eretz Yisroel as well. -
The }Amnia Period in Jewish History
NOTES AND STUDIES 347 THE }AMNIA PERIOD IN JEWISH HISTORY. I. THE request made by R'J ochanan ben Zakkai, when he secured the favour of Vespasian, that the Sanhedrin should be allowed to settle at J amnia 1 is clear evidence of his wisdom and knowledge. The town itself had remained loyal to the Romans, and the Jewish population, hitherto in the majority 2 had just been considerably weakened by the importation of an alien eJement.3 Neither in }amnia nor anywhere in the neighbourhood could rebellion be even suspected. The Jewish population in the Plain of Sharon too had suffered but little in the war, and besides the whole plain from Carmel to Gaza, with the low hills of the Shephelah, was amongst the most fertile and desirable land in Palestine. The fertility of Lydda is specially mentioned 4 and ·from Ganoth Zeriphim, near J oppa, G the firstfruits of the wheat had been taken for presentation in the Temple. Nowhere else in the Holy Land could the maximum return be so easily secured with the minimum of labour. We need not then be surprised that the population was large, though of course the numbers given must be discounted in view of the manifest megalomania of the recorders. The little Jewish State, to some extent administered from }amnia ·from A. D. 70 to 135, is defined as extending from Antipatris to Gib bethon, the latter of which must have been somewhere in the Philistine country, as Bethshemesh is mentioned as having been between them.6 There we have it stated that there were no fewer than 6oo,ooo villages, and that Bethshemesh was the smallest. -
Maaseroth.Pdf
Mishna - Mas. Ma'aseroth Chapter 1 MISHNAH 1. THEY HAVE LAID DOWN A GENERAL RULE CONCERNING TITHES:1 WHATEVER IS [CONSIDERED] FOOD2 AND IS GUARDED3 AND GROWS OUT OF THE SOIL,4 IS LIABLE TO TITHES.5 AND THEY HAVE FURTHER LAID DOWN ANOTHER RULE [AS REGARDS TITHE]: WHATSOEVER IS CONSIDERED FOOD BOTH AT THE BEGINNING AND AT THE CONCLUSION [OF ITS GROWTH].6 EVEN THOUGH HE WITHHOLDS IT FROM USE SO AS TO ENABLE THE QUANTITY OF FOOD TO INCREASE, IS LIABLE [TO TITHE]. WHETHER [IT BE GATHERED] IN ITS EARLIER OR LATER STAGES [OF RIPENING].7 WHEREAS WHATSOEVER IS NOT CONSIDERED FOOD IN THE EARLIER STAGES [OF ITS GROWTH] BUT ONLY IN ITS LATER STAGES,8 IS NOT LIABLE [TO TITHE] UNTIL IT CAN BE CONSIDERED FOOD.9 MISHNAH 2. WHEN DO THE FRUITS BECOME LIABLE TO TITHE?10 FIGS FROM THE TIME THEY ARE CALLED BOHAL,11 GRAPES AND WILD GRAPES IN THE EARLY STAGES OF RIPENING,12 RED BERRIES AND MULBERRIES AFTER THEY BECOME RED; [SIMILARLY] ALL RED FRUITS, AFTER THEY BECOME RED. POMEGRANATES ARE LIABLE TO TITHE AFTER THEIR CORE BECOMES PULPY,13 DATES AFTER THEY BEGIN TO SWELL,14 PEACHES AFTER THEY ACQUIRE [RED] VEINS,15 WALNUTS FROM THE TIME THEY FORM DRUPES.16 R. JUDAH SAYS: WALNUTS AND ALMONDS, AFTER THEIR KERNEL SKINS HAVE BEEN FORMED.17 MISHNAH 3. CAROBS [ARE SUBJECT TO] TITHES AFTER THEY FORM DARK SPOTS.18 SIMILARLY ALL BLACK-FINISHED FRUITS19 AFTER THEY FORM DARK SPOTS; PEARS AND CRUSTUMENIAN PEARS,20 QUINCES,21 AND MEDLARS22 [ARE LIABLE TO TITHES] AFTER THEIR SURFACE BEGINS TO GROW SMOOTH.23 SIMILARLY ALL WHITE FRUITS,24 AFTER THEIR SURFACE BEGINS TO GROW SMOOTH; FENUGREEK [IS LIABLE TO TITHE, WHEN IT IS SO FAR ADVANCED] THAT THE SEEDS [CAN BE PLANTED AND] WILL GROW,25 GRAIN AND OLIVES AFTER THEY ARE ONE-THIRD RIPE.26 MISHNAH 4. -
Acharei-Kedoshim Aliyah Summary
Acharei-Kedoshim Aliyah Summary General Overview: This week's reading, Acharei-Kedoshim, begins with a detailed description of the service of the High Priest on Yom Kippur. Dozens of commandments are then discussed in this week's reading. Among them: the prohibitions against offering sacrifices outside the Temple; consuming blood; incestuous, adulterous, or other forbidden relationships; various mandatory gifts for the poor; love for every Jew, prohibition against sorcery; honesty in business dealings; and sexual morality. First Aliyah: The High Priest is instructed to only enter the Holy of Holies chamber of the sanctuary once a year, on Yom Kippur; and even on this holiest day of the year, the entry into the Temple's inner sanctum must be accompanied by a special service and specific offerings which are detailed in this reading. The High Priest was only permitted to enter amidst a cloud of burning incense. Also, special white garments were worn by the High Priest on this day. While offering the day's sacrifices, the High Priest would "confess" on behalf of the entire nation, attaining atonement for the past year's sins. This section continues with a description of the "scapegoat" ceremony procedure. Second Aliyah: After concluding the order of the Yom Kippur service in the Temple, the Torah instructs us to observe Yom Kippur as a Day of Atonement when we must abstain from work and "afflict" ourselves. The Jews are then forbidden to offer sacrifices anywhere other than the Tabernacle or Temple. Third Aliyah: We are enjoined not to consume blood. When slaughtering fowl or undomesticated animals, we are commanded to cover their blood with earth.