http://kentarchaeology.org.uk/research/archaeologia-cantiana/

Kent Archaeological Society is a registered charity number 223382 © 2017 Archaeological Society GENERAL INDEX

Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.

Abbey Farm villa 45, 46, 50, 51, 52, archbishops' manor, Ford 251-68 54 archbishop's palace, at Charing Abbot, Archbishop George 255-6 315-49 Acol54 armlets, Roman, copper alloy 188, Adam of Charing, archbishop's 189; see also bracelets steward 319 artichoke garden 361 Addington 247, 291, 293 Ashbee, Paul, 'William Stukeley's Ady, Edward 358, 360 Kentish studies of Roman and Agricola 25 other remains' 61-102 Alcester (Warks) 14 Ashford see Westhawk Farm Aldington, church 288 Austen, Ralph 363, 364 Aldridge, Neil, 'Little Farningham Aylesford 76, 98, 101 Farm, Cranbrook, revisited' bridge 130 135-56 orange ware 184 Allington Ayleway, Hercules 61, 69-70, 75 castle 245, 247 manor 246 Barber, Luke, on the metallurgical Amminus (Adminius), coins 32 remains and metal work from amphoras, glass, Roman 157, 161, Syndale Park 187-90 164; see also pottery Barham see Oxinden, Henry Andrews, Colin, 'Romanisation: a Barham Downs 74, 76, 89, 98, 101, Kentish perspective' 25-42 123 Anglo-Norman architecture see St barns Leonard's Tower Charing, archbishop's palace 320, Anglo-Saxon and Saxon period 325,328, 336 burials 57, 81 Ford 253, 260,261,262,264 cremation, Reculver 252 Ford Place, Wrotham 293, 294 kingdoms 39-41 Great Maydekin 359, 360 pins 188 Westenhanger Castle 203, 231, at Reculver 251-3 232, 233, 234 roads 124-5, 126, 127 barrows 72, 73, 77, 82-3, 85, 93, 94, and roads 121-2, 99 124-5, 126 Saxon(?) 77 animal bone Bartholomew, John Know 290 cremated 115-16 Bartholomew, Leonard 290 at Syndale Park 193 Bassa, priest 251, 253 Appledore, Home's Place 382 Bass(us) the thegn 252, 253

455 GENERAL INDEX

Battel Hall, Leeds (Kent) 325, 326 Brackley, vicar of 255-6 bead, blue 138 Brent, John, William and Thomas Beckenham 70, 101 341 Becket, Archbishop Thomas 319 brickwork Bede, the Venerable 252 Charing 321, 339 Belgic 52, 55, 58 Ford, Hoath 258, 263, 264 Belle Isle 53 Ford Place 309, 310, 312 Bendinge, Thomas de 320 St Nicholas Court crypt 369, 371, Benenden parish 136 372,379 Bennett, B.J. 257, 260-1, 263 Bridges, John, tenant-occupier 381 Bertram, Charles Julius 63, 64, 80 Bridges, Thomas 381 Bethersden marble fireplace, Ford Bridges family 381, 383 Place 309-10, 311, 312 Brigstock (Northants), temple 15 Biddle, Professor Martin 387, 388 Broadfield Farm, seal matrix 245 Bigbury 31, 33 Broadley, William 382 Birchington Broadstairs Alpha Road 58 Lanthorne House 58 palstaves 80 Roman sites 50, 58 Roman sites 44, 48, 51, 55, 58 Rumfields Brickfield 57 Sparrow Castle 54 Sacketts Hill 56 The Retreat 58 Seven Stones Estate 55 villas 54 Stone house School 55 Woodchurch villa 53 Stone Road 57 see also Minnis Bay Bronze Age 47 bird bone 105, 106, 115-16 brooches, Roman Black Death 205, 206, 380 bronze 138 Blackheath, Roman road 127 copper alloy 166, 189, 190 Blake, William 63 Brooker, James 352, 354 Blore, Edward 348 n.35 Brooksend 47, 53 Blue Bell Hill 75, 76, 94 Broome Park 361 Bodiam bucket, bronze 57 castle 209, 216, 217, 218 buildings, Roman 43, 44, 45, 46, dovecote 212 47-50, 52-4 coins 144 Burgh, Joan 381 Romano-British site 135, 143, 154 burials Booth, Paul, 'The Roman shrine at Iron Age 30, 32 Westhawk Farm, Ashford: a Roman 26, 103-20 preliminary account' 1-23 5th-century 40 Borden, enclosed cemetery 167 Anglo-Saxon/Saxon 57, 81 bottles, clay, Jutish or Frankish see also cemeteries; cremations; 252 inhumations; Springhead box-flue tiles see tiles Boxlees Hill, Minster 56 Caen stone 228, 373 Boycot, Thomas 257 Caesar, Julius 26, 30-1, 33, 74-5, bracelets, Roman 86, 89, 93, 94, 98 copper alloy 107, 112-13, 113 Caesar's Camp 74, 86, 89, 98, 99 gold, snake-bracelets (armlets) Cambridge, Queens' College 381 157, 164 see

456 GENERAL INDEX

Canterbury Ford 256, 260, 261, 262, 264, 265 archbishop's residence 337 Old Soar Manor, Plaxtol 238, 240, Bell Harry Tower 253 241, 242-3, 245, 246, 247 Castle 72, 125 St Leonard's, West Mailing 269, Christ Church Priory 315 270, 272, 276 Dane John 72, 86 St Mary's Abbey 392-5, 396-8 Danish invasion 128 Charing grog-tempered ware 176, 184, archbishop's palace 315-49 185, 186 barn 320, 325, 328, 336 masons 380 chamber and chapel 317, 318, pre-Roman and Roman 28, 31, 319-21, 337, 338 33-6, 39, 40 gatehouse range 317, 318, Riding Gate 72, 85-6, 93, 98, 101 332-5 Roman pavement 81 hall 317, 318, 324-9, 324, 337, Roman roads 46, 122, 123, 124, 341 128 kitchens 318, 320, 331, 336, St Augustine's Abbey 72, 82, 91, 337 98,251 lodging ranges (south and St Ethelbert's tower 91 west) 317,318, 332-5, St Gregory's church 82, 91, 98, 337,341 101 porter's lodge 332 St Gregory's Priory 389 private accommodation 337-41 St Martin's church 72, 82, 91, 98, roof construction 320, 325-6, 99,101 326, 328 St Pancras church 72, 91 services 317, 318, 324, 329- St Thomas' shrine 128 31 sandy grey ware 177,180,182, 184 High Street 322-3, 323 Stukeley's visits 72, 75, 76-7, 82, Pett Lane 323, 323 85-6, 93, 94, 98 St Peter and St Paul 316, 317, 322, theatre, Roman 34-5, 36, 40 323 West gate 124 Stukeley's visit 71, 76, 101 Worth Gate 72, 84, 85, 98 Charles I 255-6, 257, 341 , archbishops of 245, 'Cheesemans Camp', Manston 55 287,380 (Essex), temple 13, 14, manor at Ford 251-68 15, 19 palace at Charing 315-49 Chilham 98 Canterbury Archaeological Trust Civil War 103 Clerke family 290 Cantiaci 25, 30-1, 39 Ford Place 290, 306 Cantium 30-1 Henry Oxinden 351 cemeteries, Roman/Romano-British St Leonard's Tower 275-6 45,47,48,50-1,57-8, 172, 191 civitas 25, 28, 33, 34, 39 105, 116, 117, 118 Clare family 245-6, 247 Springhead, communal and Romano- Clare, Gilbert 246, 247 British (walled) 157-69 Clare, Richard de 246 Chanctonbury Ring (Sussex) 15-16 Classis Britannica 30, 38 chapels stamped tiles 135-6, 141-2, 143, Charing 318, 320-1,322, 338 154-5

457 GENERAL INDEX

Claudius, Emperor 122 cremations Clerke, Lady Alice 289 Roman 44, 45, 49, 55, 56, 57, 58, Clerke, George 290 103-20 passim, 157, 165, 252 Clerke, James 289-90, 312 Saxon 252 Clerke, John I 287, 289, 312 Criol family 203 Clerke, John II 288-9, 312 Criol, Joan 203 Clerke, John III 289 Criol, John 203 Clerke, John IV 290 Criol, Sir John de 203, 205 Clerke, William (d.1611) 290, 293, Criol, Lady Lettice 205, 217 312 Criol, Nicholas de 203 Clerke, William 290 Criol, Sir Thomas 205 Cliffsend 54, 55, 58 crosier, Wrotham 81 Cnut, king 125, 128 Croydon (Surrey), archbishop's Cockett, Foulke 257 palace 337, 338-9 Coffin Stone 75, 83 crypt (unknown use), St Nicholas coffins, Roman Court 367-84 lead 57, 157, 161, 164, 166 Culpeper, Jane (nee Sheldon) 289 wooden 166 Cybele 19 coin flan, copper alloy 187, 189 coin hoards, Roman 59 Darent river, crossing point 117, silver 53, 80-1 117, 118 coins Dartford 103-20 Iron Age 31-2 Beadle's site (Trenches 1-3) 103, potin 33 /04.105-6, 109, 116,117,118 Roman 26, 30, 36-7, 39, 40, 46, bracelet 107, 112-13, 113 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 71, 74, bridge, medieval 127 81-2, 163, 166 cemeteries, Roman 105, 116, 117, Dartford 107, 112 118 Little Farningham Farm 138, coin 107, 112 144, 149, 151 early Norman church 127 Syndale Park 172, 178, 187 early Roman burial (Priory Centre Westhawk Farm 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, site) 103-20 17-18 East Hill 117, 118 Saxon sceat 252 Gala bingo hall site (Trenches 6 Colchester (Essex) 17, 188, 190 and 7) 103, 104, 105, 108, Camulodunum 122 109 Cornwall, Sir John 205 High Street 117, 118 Cottington Lane, Cliffsend 54 Holy Trinity Church 286 n.22 Coudray-Salbart (France) 243 human bone 105, 106, 113-16 Court Lodge, Sturry 230, 231 Joyce Green 777, 118 Cranbrook, Goddards Green, fire- Lowfield Street 117-18, 777 place 310; see also Little place-name 127 Farningham Farm pottery 105, 106, 107, 110-12, Cranbrook Local History Society 116,118 136 pyre debris (ustrinum) 104, 106-7, Cranmer, Archbishop Thomas 254- 110, 112, 114-15, 116-17 5, 340 Roman villa 777, 118 Crayford 71, 75, 127 Spital Street 117, 777

458 GENERAL INDEX

Dartford (cont.) Ebbsfleet sunken/cellared structure, post- harbour 47, 122 Roman 109 road 47 Temple Hill 777, 118 settlement 47 vessel glass, Roman 106, 112, 116 villa 44, 47, 50, 52 Dartford District Archaeological Ebbsfleet Farm 56 Group 118 Eccles villa, pottery 184, 185 Davies, Malcolm, 'Death and social Edward I 247, 324 division at Roman Springhead' Edward II 337 157-69 Edward IV 288 Deal Egbert, King of Kent 251 Castle 73, 93 Elizabeth I 229, 255 Stukeley's visits 77, 82, 86, 93, Eltham Palace 101 94, 99, 101 Elwill, Sir John 61, 65, 67, 70, 94 decuriones 25 Epple Bay 52, 57 Deptford, river crossing 127 Erwood, F.C. Elliston 386, 387, 388 Detsicas, Alec 103, 118, 167 Ethelbert, King 252 published works 197-202 Ethelburga 252 Dixwell, Sir Basil 361 Ewell, Robert and William 256 Domesday 287, 315 Ewell borough 272 dovecotes (dovehouses; pigeon Exchequer 289 houses) Ford 263, 264 Fairlight 755, 155 Great Maydekin 359, 360 Fairweather, Dr F.H. 386, 388 Westenhanger Castle 220, 221, Farningham Oast 137, 149 226 Faversham Dover Abbey 67, 72, 82, 99 arrowloops 243 Abbey gatehouses 91 castle 125, 73, 82, 89, 93 abbot of 336 Classis Britannica 30 pottery 184-5 harbour 122 Roman pottery production 185 pharos 73-4, 89, 90, 93, 99 sandy grey ware 177 Roman road 123, 128 Feinnes, Sir Roger 218 St Mary-in-Castro 73, 91, 93 field systems Stukeley's visits 70, 73, 76, 82, prehistoric 7 93,94,99, 101 Roman 45, 56 Druids 63, 64, 78, 80 Fienes, Edward, Lord Clinton 229 Dumpton 47 Finch, Heneage see Winchelsea, Lord Duncombe, J. 265 finger rings see rings Dunstrete 45, 47, 51 Fleet Court Farm, Manston 56 Durolevum 191 flint 25, 33, palaeolithic 14 41; see also Canterbury Neolithic or Bronze Age 153 floor tiles, Roman 192 Eadred, King 251, 252, 253 Fogg, John 205 Eanflaed 252-3 Folkestone 93, 99 East Northdown, Margate 56 Folly Gill 145, 148, 149, 151, 153 Eastwell 101 Folly Lane 16

459 GENERAL INDEX

footwear, Roman gardens and landscapes hob-nailed 166 and Henry Oxinden 351, 352, 353, woman's shoes 157, 164 354, 358, 360-1, 363-4, 365 Ford, Hoath, archbishops' manor at Westenhanger Castle 233, 235 251-68 Garlinge, Margate 54 barns 253, 260, 261, 262, 264 gatehouses bird's-eye view (Boycot?) 257, Charing 317, 575, 332-5 259, 261 Ford 253 chapels 256, 260, 261, 262, 264, St Mary's Abbey, West Mailing 265 386, 389, 391-403 farmhouse 254, 263, 264 Gaul 40 gatehouse 253 Geary family 290-1 Great Hall 260, 261, 262, 264, Gilborne, Sir Nicholas 341 265, 267, 268 glass (vessels), Roman 9, 106, 112, moat 262, 263 116, 147 ponds 262, 263 bottle 190, 790 Roman inscription 264 urns (amphoras) 157, 767, 164 roof construction 261, 262, 263 see also mirror; window glass stables 260, 261,262,263 Glottenham (Sussex) 216 Ford Place, Wrotham 287-314 Godlington manor (Dorset) 244 barns 293, 294 Godmanchester 15, 19 Bethersden marble fireplace Godmersham 242 309-10, J/7, 312 Golford, Roman road 151, 752 brickwork 309, 310, 312 Gosbecks Farm 35-6 Eastern Chamber Block 308-9 Gostling, William 67 Great Room 297, 303-5 Gough, Harold, 'The archbishops' hall range 291, 293-301, 312 manor at Ford, Hoath' 251-68 mouldings 303, 306 Gough, Richard 61 Painted Chamber (and wall Gournay-sur-Aronde (France) 13 painting) 295, 297, 299, 303, Gravett, Kenneth 367 306-8,507,312 published works of 405-12 pargetting 307-8, 308, 309 see also Semple, Jayne roof construction 302, 303, 305, Gray, John, physician 61, 65, 67, 72, 306 76, 78, 94, 95 solar 291, 295,300,500 Gray, Stephen 65 south-west wing 294, 301-6, 312 Greenwich 70, 102, 127, 128 window seat and window 295-6, Greenwich Hill 127 299, 299, 300 Grenham Bay 58 Fordwich, Roman road 124 Grinsel Hill, Minster 53 forehead-pendant, gold, Roman 157, Guestling area, clay 755, 142, 155 164 Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester 269, Foreness Point, Margate 56 270-2, 386 Frankish clay bottles 252 furnaces and lining, Roman iron Haddenham (Cambs), shrine and en- smelting 145, 146, 147, 150 closure ditch 16 hairpins, Roman 188, 759 Gale, Samuel 69, 77 Harbour Road 46, 47 Gallic immigrants 28-9, 34 Harker, R.S. 163, 168 n.3

460 GENERAL INDEX

Harris, Mary 257 iron-work, Syndale Park 187-8 Hartlib, Samuel 363 iron-working, Roman 38, 45, 51, 53, Hasted, E. 227-8, 232, 253, 291, 55 321, 381 Dartford 109 Haverfield, Francis 63 Little Farningham Farm, Cran- Hayling Island temple 17 brook 135, 755,136, 141, 142, Headcorn 156 n. 17 144, 145, 148, 150, 151, 154 Heathrow 'temple' 16-17 smelting furnaces 146, 146, 147, Henry III 246 150, 153 Henry VII 340 Syndale Park 187, 192 Henry VIII 255, 340, 386 Westhawk Farm building 3, 4, 5, and Westenhanger Court 218, 229 20-1,38 Henry of Eastry, Prior 381 Italy, inscriptions 33-4 Heme 251, 254, 256, 264 Ivy Chimneys (Essex), temple 13, 14 Herstmonceux 218 Heybridge (Essex), temple 18 Jacob, Edward 81 Hoath, chapelry 251; see also Ford Jullieberrie's Grave 64, 68, 69, 74, Homewood family 341 76, 82, 83, 85, 94, 98-9 hop garden 361 Jupiter columns 14 Hope, Sir William St John 386 Jutish clay bottles 252 Hore, John le 246 Hore, Walter, Mabel and Thomas le 237 Keiller, Alexander 64 Horsmonden, Old Rectory 306 Kenilworth Castle 243 human skeletal remains, Dartford Kent Archaeological Rescue Group 1 105, 106, 113-16 Kent Archaeological Society 136, Hutchings, Paul, 'Early Roman 137, 269, 367, 386 burial in Dartford' 103-20 Keston, shafts 20 Hythe 74 Kingstgate, Fitzroy Avenue 56 Kit's Coty House 64, 65, 67, 69-70, Iceni 29 75, 82-3, 85, 94,98, 101 Iffin Farm 123 knife blade, iron 188 Ightham Mote (Moat) 240, 312, 325, Knowe, John 290, 291 326 Knowler, Stephen 263-4 imbrices 137, 154 Knowler, Thomas and John 256-7 inhumations, Roman 44, 45, 49, 55, Knowles, William, gravestone 237 57, 58, 157, 165, 166 inscriptions, Roman 33-4, 264 Lambert, P.J.C., and K.H. Mcintosh, intaglio, Pan 144 'The crypt at St Nicholas Court, Iron Age 30-3, 34, 38, 39 St Nicholas at Wade, Thanet' burials 30, 32 367-84 coins 31-2 Lambeth Palace 339, 340 furnace 146 Lancastle, Richard 256 Margate 52 Lanfranc, Archbishop 315 North Foreland 48 Lawson, William 363 origins of Springhead 168 n.3 Le Hangre manor 203, 205 round houses 19, 38 Le Hore see Hore settlement 47 lead 188; see also coffins; weight timber shrines 16, 17, 19 Lebon, Cecily 136, 137, 144

461 GENERAL INDEX

Lee Priory, Ickham 67 Leeds castle 246 London Bridge 127 Leland, John 89, 339, 380 Mithras 19 Lennard, Sir Samuel 61, 65, 67, 71, 94 pyre debris 116 Lesnes Abbey 77-8, 101 Roman road 127-8 Lewis, John 78, 79 Southwark 18 Leybourne 243, 246 Tower of London 243 Leyburn, Roger de 246, 247 Westminster, crossing 123, 128 licences to crenellate 246-7 Lord of the Manor villa 50, 52 Westenhanger Castle 203, 205, Lovelace, Richard, poet 290 207 Lovelace, William 341 Little Cliffsend Farm, Ramsgate 57 Lower Kit's Coty House 75, 82, 83, Little Farningham Farm, Cranbrook 98 135-56 Luck, George 137 Area [A] 138, 759, 140, 142, 144, Lukis, William Collings 63, 81 145 Lullingstone 18, 188 Area [B] 138, 140, 142, 144 Lydd, silver coin hoard 80-1 Area [C], wall plaster 138, 140, Lydden 53 142, 143, 144 Lympne (Portus Lemanis) 1, 38 Area [D] 'pool' area 138, 740, Classis Britannica 30 141, 145 fort (Stutfall Castle) 74, 89 Area [E] hearth-like structure 740, grog-tempered ware 176, 186 143 harbour 122 Area [F] 'pit' 142-3 Roman road 123 drain [G] 138-9, 740, 141, 747,142 Stukeley's visits 71, 74, 92,99 CL BR tiles 135-6, 141-2, 143, Lyne, Malcolm 154-5 on the pottery from Syndale Park coins 138, 144, 749, 151 176-87 earthwork bank 749, 150 on the Roman ceramics from Dart- iron-working site 135, 755, 136, ford 110-12 141, 142, 144, 145, 148,150, 151, 154 Mcintosh, K.H. see Lambert, P.J.C. lead weight 151, 154 McKinley, Jacqueline, on the human opus signinum floor 138, 740, 143 bone from Dartford 113-16 pottery 141-8 passim, 150, 153 Maidstone 71, 75 recent fieldwork and excavations archbishop's palace 338, 345 145-55 bridge 130 Trench A 145, 146, 148, 153, 154 Mailing Abbey see St Mary's Abbey Trench B 145, 147, 153 Manston 48, 55, 56 Trench C 145, 147-8, 153, 154 Margate oven 147-8, 150 College Road 56 timber building 147, 148, 150 Drapers Mills School 50, 53 window glass 141, 143 East Northdown 56 Little Maydekin house see Oxinden, Foreness Point 56 Henry Garlinge 54 Little Poplar Farm, Ulcombe 146 Hartsdown Road 47, 59 Little Stour 123, 127 Northdown Hill 59 Little Wenham Hall (Suffolk) 245 Palm Bay 58

462 GENERAL INDEX

Margate (cont.) needle, copper alloy 189, 190 palstave hoard 78, 79, 80, 102 Nichols, John 63 roads 47 Norman architecture see St Leon- Roman sites 45, 52, 54 ard's Tower; St Mary's Abbey St John's 58 North Foreland 44, 47, 48 Trinity Square 58 North, Michael, 'St Leonard's villa 43 Tower: some aspects of Anglo- Markham, Gervase 358, 359, 361, Norman building design and 362-3, 362 construction' 269-86 Martin, David and Barbara, 'West- 71, 122 enhanger Castle - a revised villa 167 interpretation' 203-36 Nurstead Court, 242 masons' setting-out lines 375 Maumbury Rings 86 Oakley, Harold 267 Maydekin see Oxinden, Henry Oda, Archbishop of Canterbury 251 Mayfield (Sussex), archbishop's Old Soar Manor, Plaxtol 237-50,312 palace 325, 326, 337, 339 arrowloops 239, 240, 241-2, Medway, battle of the 28, 30 243-5, 244, 247 Medway river 31, 91, 122 Chapel range 238, 240, 241, Meopham, Dene Manor 303 242-3, 245, 246, 247 military presence, Roman 29-30, 34 Garderobe range 238, 240, 241, Milles, Jeremiah, Dean of 81 242, 243, 244, 247 millstone 56, 193 Hall range 238, 240, 242, 243 Minnis Bay 52, 55, 58 Solar range 238,241,242,243,247 Minster arrowloop 239, 240, 241-2, Mount Pleasant 50-1, 55, 57 243, 244, 247 Roman sites 53, 55, 56, 57 undercroft 238, 240, 247 see also Abbey Farm spiral staircase 240, 243, 300 mirror, glass, Roman 252 Ommerden stream 137, 145, 154 Mithras 19 opus signinum 107, 138, 740, 143 moats orchards, at Great Maydekin 360, Ford 262, 263 361-3,362,364 Westenhanger Castle 228-9, 232 , cemeteries 185, 186; see Monkton 53, 56 also Syndale Park strip bracelets, Roman 113 Ostenhanger manor 203, 205 mortar, 'salt and pepper' 397 ovens, domestic, Roman Morton, Archbishop John 253-4, Little Farningham Farm 147-8, 339-40 150 Mote (Sussex) 218 Syndale Park 175 mouldings Westenhanger Castle 226 Charing palace 338 Oxford Archaeological Unit 1, 38, Ford Place 303, 306 157 St Nicholas Court crypt 367, 374 Oxinden, Henry, Great and Little Mount Pleasant, Minster 50-1,55,57 Maydekin houses and gardens 351-66 nails 9 Oxinden, Richard 354, 355 copper alloy 151, 154 iron 187-8,138,146,147,148,154 palaeolithic flint and hand-axes 14

463 GENERAL INDEX

Palm Bay, Margate 58 Roman 30, 39, 40, 46, 52, 53, 54, palstave hoards 78, 79, 80, 102 56,58, 59, 163,166,252,391 Pan, on red jasper intaglio 144 in Dartford 105, 106, 107, 110- pargetting, Ford Place 307-8, 308, 12, 116, 118 309 at Springhead 163, 164, 166 Parker, Archbishop 255 at Syndale Park (fabric code Parliamentary Survey (1647) 254, nos not indexed) 172, 175, 257,258, 260-1,263,264 176-87, 192, 193 Pearson, Sarah, 'The archbishop's Alice Holt grey ware 177, 182, palace at Charing in the Middle 184,186 Ages' 315-49 amphora 33, 57, 58, 112, 153, Pecham, Archbishop 319, 320, 336 186 pedalis 138, 142, 145, 150, 154 BB1 177, 182, 185 Pekham, Reginald 289 BB2 112 pellet moulds 33 Belgic 54, 182, 185 Penchester, Stephen de 246 'bellows' pot 740, 144 Penchester family 247 Central Gaulish samian 112, Penn, W.S. 159, 161, 163, 165 177, 186 Penshurst Place 325, 326, 329, 330, Cliffe BB2 112 338 Colchester finewares 186 Perkins, D.R.J., 'The Roman arch- Cologne colour-coated 166 aeology of the Isle of Thanet' Continental 33, 187, 193 43-60 East Kent grey ware 177 Perry, Thomas 341 East Kent grog-tempered ware Perryn (Peryent), Francis and Sir 176, 182, 185 Thomas 257 East Sussex ware 8, 153 Petrie, W.M. Flinders 121 flagon 105, 110 pharos 45, 57, 73-4, 89, 90, 93, 99 German marbled ware 178, 186 pigeon houses see dovecotes grey thin ware 153 Pine Wood 123 grit- and grog-tempered 112 pins grog-tempered ware 7, 8, 10, Roman 188, 189 141, 142, 144, 147,176, Saxon(?), faceted 188 180, 182, 184, 185, 186, plant remains, Syndale Park 193; 187 see also pollen; stone pine nut Hadham wares 177, 178, 186 shell Hoo flagon 178, 185 Plautius, Aulus 122 Lympne grog-tempered 176, Plaxtol 303; see also Old Soar 186 Manor Mayen ware 177, 187 Plumstone Farm, Monkton 50, 53-4 mortaria 153 pollen 19, 20 Moselkeramik 186 ponds Native Coarse ware 185, 186 Charing 335, 336 Nene Valley wares 178, 184, Ford 262, 263 186 pottery North Gaulish type 184 prehistoric 11 North Kent 166 Deverel-Rimbury urn 80 North Kent shell-tempered 112 Iron Age 30, 31, 142 orange sandy ware 153

464 GENERAL INDEX

pottery, Roman (cont.) Roman sites 43, 44, 47, 51, 53, 55, Overwey fabric 9, 10, 177, 57 184,186 St George's Church 58 Overwey-Portchester D 112 St Lawrence College 58 Oxfordshire red colour-coated Southwood 57 mortarium 112, 186 Stonar Hill 56 Oxfordshire wares 177, 182, Whitehall Road 58 183, 184, 186 Wilson's Road 57 Patchgrove ware 112, 153, 176 Randall, Henry John 63 Pompeiian Red ware 178, 182, Rashleigh, Revd Peter 157, 158, 186 161, 767, 162, 163, 164, 166, red thin ware 153 167 samian 54, 105, 141, 148, 150, Reculver 153, 164, 166, 186, 252 chapel 253 shell-tempered ware 176 fort 43, 253 South Gaulish samian 7, 12, manor of 253, 380 105, 110, 112, 177, 180, monastery 251, 253 185 Roman military 30 Thames-side (Thameside) 112, royal residence 252 166, 177, 185, 186 St Mary's church 251 Upchurch wares 106, 110, 112, Saxon cremation 252 177, 178, 184, 185 Renn, Derek, 'Attack and defence at white colour coated 153 Old Soar Manor, Plaxtol' 237- medieval 112, 205, 389, 391 50 green-glazed London-type 112 resistivity surveys 137, 144-5, 150, Kingston-type ware 109 159, 759, 760, 161, 162 pottery kiln, Roman 52 Reynolds, Archbishop 325 Poynings, Sir Edward 205, 218, 221, Richborough 228, 233 amphitheatre 75, 86, 88, 100 Poynings, Sir Thomas de 203, 218, barrow near 77 221, 233 castle and Roman road 123 prehistoric coins, Roman 37 field system 7 fort 43, 51,72-3, 86 roads and track 45, 47 grog-tempered ware production settlement 53 176, 186 see also flint; pottery hair-pins 188 Preston, near Wingham, pottery kiln marbled ware 186 182, 186 orange ware 184 pyre debris (ustrinum) 104, 106-7, pharos 73 110, 112, 114-15, 116-17 Roman military activity 30 Roman roads 46, 122, 123 Quarry Wood, Iron Age 31 Stukeley's visits 65, 72, 76, 86, quern fragments, Roman 193 87, 100, 102 Riddler, Ian, on the small finds from Ramsgate Dartford 112-13 Cliffsend 58 Ridley, Nicholas, chaplain 254, 255 Harbour 59 rings, Roman 166 Pysons Road 59 gold 157, 164

465 GENERAL INDEX

Rippington, Richard, vintner 256 St Davids (Pembrokeshire), bishop's roads hall corbels 326 prehistoric 45, 47 St Ethelburga's Well 252 Roman 1, 3, 38, 44, 45, 46-7, 51, St Leonard's Chapel, West Mailing 70,93, 121-33,726,755, 137, 269, 270, 272, 276 145, 148, 749, 154 St Leonard's Tower, West Mailing, 'Canterbury road' 1, 3, 4, 5, 17, Anglo-Norman building design 19,21, 38 and construction 269-86 in Syndale Park 174, 176, 191 St Mary's Abbey (Mailing Abbey), Anglo-Saxon 124-5, 726, 127 West Mailing 270-2, 276, 385- medieval 123-4, 127, 128, 130 404 see also Rochester-Bodiam road; chapel of St Thomas of Canter- Stane Street; Watling Street bury 392-5, 396-8 Roberts, Judith, 'The building activ- gatehouse 386, 389, 391-403 ities of Henry Oxinden of Bar- St Mary's Piatt, Piatt Farm 303 ham' 351-66 St Mildred's Bay, Westgate 53 Rochester 94 St Nicholas arrowloops 243 Potten Street 53 bishops of 272 Shuart Farm 56, 58 bridge 125, 127, 128, 130 St Nicholas Church 380 Castle 67, 71, 82, 91, 100, 125 St Nicholas Court (St Nicholas at Cathedral 386, 388, 389 Wade), crypt 367-84 'Gundulf's Tower' 269, 284 brickwork 369, 371, 372, 379 Iron Age 31 mouldings 367, 374 road, Roman 122 niches 577, 375, 376, 377-80, 382, Roman wall 75, 85, 100 383 Stukeley's visit 71 St Nicholas Court Farm 381 Rochester-Bodiam road 755, 137, Sandwich 73 148, 749, 151-3, 752 gold coin 81 Romania 40 Roman road 124, 128 romanisation 25-42 sarcophagus, stone, Roman 157, Romano-British settlement, in area 767, 164-5, 166 of Syndale Park 172, 191-3 Sarre 47, 48 Romano-Celtic shrines and temples Saxon period see Anglo-Saxon and 17, 21, 35, 36, 167 Saxon period roof construction Saxon Shore forts 30 Charing 320, 325-6, 326, 328 Scotney Castle 217, 218 Ford 261, 262, 263 Sculp, Godfrey 223, 224, 225, 226 Ford Place 302, 303, 305, 306 sea-level rise 122 Old Soar Manor 238 seal matrix, Broadfield Farm 245 roof tiles, Roman 38, 48, 137, 138 Seamark Hill, Monkton 53 Rudling, David, on the coins from Seasalter, Roman road 124 Syndale Park 187 Semple, Jayne, and Kenneth Gravett, 'Ford Place, Wrotham' 287-314 Sacketts Hill, Broadstairs 56 Septfontaines-Deckt, pyre debris Sackville, Sir Richard 229 116 Sackville, Thomas, Lord Buckhurst settlements, Roman 1, 3-5, 45, 46, 229 49, 50, 51, 55-8

466 GENERAL INDEX

Sheldon, Richard 288-9 temple site 14, 18, 157, 159, 161, shell 193 163, 165, 167 oyster 105, 109, 110, 391 well, Pepper Hill 20 Shipbourne, Claygate Cross 303 stables shoes see footwear Ford 260, 261,262, 263 Shottendane, Twenties Brickfield 57 Great Maydekin 359, 360 shrines, Iron Age 16, 17, 19; see also Stamford 89 temples and shrines Stane Street 74 Shuart, All Saints Church 380, 383 Stansted (Essex) 16 Shuart Farm, St Nicholas 56, 58 Starkey, Sir Humphrey 289 Shur', Thomas de 237, 245 Starkey Castle 289, 312 Sibun, Lucy, 'Excavation at Syndale Stillingfleet, Edward, bishop of Park, Ospringe' 171-96 Worcester 91 Sissinghurst, Roman road 151, 752 Stonar Hill, Ramsgate 56 Siward, Bishop 269 Stone church 172 Skipton (Yorks) 243 Stone Gap 50 slag, iron 143, 146, 147, 148, 151, stone pine nut shell 9, 18-19 153, 187, 192 Stone Street 123 slate, West Country 209 Stratford, Archbishop John 336, 343 Smith, Sir John 233 Stukeley, William 61-102, 128 Smythe, Phillip, Second Viscount Stutfall Castle 74, 89 Strangford 231, 232 sunken-floored buildings 55 Smythe, Thomas, Esq. (d.1591) 229, Park 122, 127 233 Swingfield, St John's Commandery Smythe, Thomas, First Lord Vis- 382 count Strangford 230 Symonson, Philip, map (1596) 130, Snowe, Ralphe 264 287, 255, 347 n.22 Soar, as place-name 237; see also Syndale Park, Ospringe 171-96 Old Soar Manor cemetery, Romano-British 172, 191 Society of Antiquaries of London coins 172, 178, 187 61, 68,69,78, 80, 81 ditches 172, 174, 175-6, 180, 186 Society of Roman Knights 94 iron-working 187, 192 Somali Farm, Birchington 54 metal work 187-90 Sore manor 237 pottery 172,175, 176-87, 192, 193 Sparrow Castle, Birchington 54 Romano-British settlement in area spearhead, 7th-century 252 172, 191-3 Sprattling Court Farm, Manston 56 shell 172, 193 Springhead, Romano-British enclosed Trench A cemetery (Sole field) 157-69 cobbled road 174, 176, 191 lead coffins 157, 767, 164, 166 rubbish pits and ditches 171, New Barn Road 755,159, 759, 760 777, 172-4, 176, 191 pottery 163, 164, 166 Trench B (pits, rubbish pits) 171, resistivity plot 159, 759, 760, 161, 777, 174-6, 180, 182, 191 162 ditch 175, 176 Roman communal cemetery 158, oven or hearth 175 755, 163-6, 167 pottery 175 settlement (Vagniacae) 158, 163- 4, 165, 167 Tacitus 25, 26, 34, 35

467 GENERAL INDEX

Tatton-Brown, Tim, 'Evolution of Twopeny, William 348 n.50 Watling Street' 121-33 Tyrrell, Sir William, steward 287 tegulae 137, 150, 154, 163 Temple Hill, Roman cemetery 777, Ulcombe 146, 156 n.17 118 Uley (Glos), temple 13, 16 temples (and shrines), Roman 25, Upper Harbledown 125 35, 36, 52, 54, 86 Upstreet 46, 47 Springhead 157, 159, 161, 163, ustrinum see pyre debris 165, 167 Westhawk Farm 'shrine' 3, 4, 5- 16, 19, 35 11,38 villas, Roman 25, 26-9, 39, 40, 43, see also shrines, Iron Age 45,46,47-50,51,52-4, 167 Textus Roffensis 128 Dartford 777, 118 Thames, crossing-points 122-3 Old Soar 238 Thanet Archaeological Society 43 Thanet Sites and Monuments Reg- wall hooks, iron 188 ister 43, 52 wall painting, Ford Place 306, 307 theatres, Roman 34-5, 36 Walmer Castle 73, 77, 93, 101 Wantsum Channel 46, 47 Thomas of Elmham, map (1410) 380 Warburton, Bishop 78 Thorne Farm, Minster 57 Ward, Alan, 'St Mary's Abbey, West Thornhurst, Sir Stephen 257 Mailing' 385-404 Thynne, Thomas 68 Warham, Archbishop 340 tiles, Roman 112, 163 watermills box-flue (flue) tiles 48, 137, 138, Roman 123 154 medieval 206, 335, 336 Classis Britannica stamped 135- Watling Street 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 89, 6, 141-2, 143, 154-5 98, 101, 117, 777, 118 from Little Farningham Farm 137, cemetery 755, 163, 166, 167 145, 146, 147, 150, 153-4 evolution of 121-33 see also imbrices; pedalis; roof at Syndale Park 191, 192 tiles; tegulae Way Hill, Minster 53 Tivoli, Margate 47, 50, 52 Wedgwood, J.C. 289 Tonbridge weight, lead, Roman(?) 151, 154 caput of the Clares 245-6 well shafts, Roman 51-2, 56 Castle gatehouse 209, 243, 244, Wessex Archaeology 157 246 West Mailing, estate (manors) 271- licence to enclose 246 2; see also St Leonard's Tower; towns, Roman 25-6, 28, 33-6, 39 St Mary's Abbey tree-ring analysis, Charing 320, West Wickham church 67, 71, 102 328 Westbrook, Margate 45, 47, 54 Trust for Thanet Archaeology 43 Westenhanger, parish church 232-3 tumulus, Roman 238 Westenhanger Castle 203-36 Tunbridge Wells sandstone 136 barn 203, 231, 232, 233,254 tuyeres, clay 740, 142, 144 chapel 279, 221,228 tweezers, copper alloy 759, 190 curtain walls 207, 209-11, 216-17, Twenties Brickfield, Shottendane 218,230 57 central towers 213-16, 230

468 GENERAL INDEX

Westenhanger Castle (cont.) Westhawk Farm, Ashford 1-23, 37-9 curtain wall (cont.) coins 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 17-18 corner towers 207, 210, 211- ditches 3, 5, 7, 11, 12, 20, 38 13, 217, 230 glass vessel 9 northern 205, 206, 207, 216, iron-working building 3, 4, 5, 217,221,226-7,228 20-1, 38 domestic buildings upon enclos- plant remains and pollen 9, 18-19, ure 216-18 20 dovecote in north-east tower 212, pottery 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 220, 221, 223, 226 roads, Roman 1,3,4,5, 17, 19,21, east range 221, 223-8 38, 735, 156 n.23 external dam 206, 207, 218, 233 Roman settlement 1, 3-5 garden and park 233, 235 'shrine' area 1, 3, 4, 5-11, 38 garderobes 213, 216, 223, 225 central pit 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 18, 21 gatehouse 206-7, 205, 209, 270, polygonal structure 5, 6, 7, 8, 9-10, 216,217,221 17, 19, 21 hall 270, 217, 279, 227-8, 231, 232 rectangular ditched enclosure 5, 6, hall crosswing 223-4, 225 7, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20 kitchens 270, 279, 221, 223, 225 well/water-hole 4, 5, 11, 17, 18, licence to crenellate 203, 205, 207 20, 21 moat 206-7, 216, 217, 218, 228-9, Wheeler, Mortimer 159 230, 232 Wheler family, and Sir George 341 outbuildings 232-3 Whitgift, Archbishop 255 oven 226 Wincheap, medieval lane (Hollow Phase one 205-7 Lane) 123-4 Phase two 207-18 Winchelsea, Archbishop 322, 324, Phase three 218-29 329,332,335 Phase four 229-30 Winchelsea, Lord (Heneage Finch) Phase five 230-5 61, 64,65,67-9, 71, 72, 74, 75, porter's lodge 279, 222, 231 76, 77, 78, 80, 83, 89, 94, 95 pottery 205 window glass, Roman 141, 143 south range 221, 230, 231 Wood Lane End, Hemel Hempstead stables 233 (Herts), temple 13, 14 timber bridge 207, 205 Woodchurch, Birchington 53 west range 221-3, 228 Wrotham Westfield 755 church 288, 290, 312 Westgate crosier 81 Road 56 manor of 245, 246, 287, 289, 291. Ursuline Convent 58 293 Westgate Bay 57 Roman camp at Borough Green 102 Westhampnett Bypass (W. Sussex), see also Ford Place enclosure 16 Wye 102, 124

469 GENERAL INDEX

470