DOCSLIB.ORG

Voyagers in Space LEVELED BOOK • P a Reading A–Z Level P Leveled Book Word Count: 697 Voyagers in Space

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Voyagers in Space LEVELED BOOK • P a Reading A–Z Level P Leveled Book Word Count: 697 Voyagers in Space Voyagers in Space LEVELED BOOK • P A Reading A–Z Level P Leveled Book Word Count: 697 Voyagers in Space • S M • P Written by Cheryl Reifsnyder Visit www.readinga-z.com for thousands of books and materials. www.readinga-z.com Photo Credits: Time Line: Important Dates for the Voyager Missions Glossary Front cover, back cover: © MPI/Archive Photos/Getty Images; title page: © NASA/SSPL/The Image Works; page 3: © NASA/SuperStock; pages 4, 6 (bottom 1977 Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 launch 16 days apart atmosphere a layer of gases surrounding left), 7 (icons), 10, 12: courtesy of NASA/JPL; pages 5, 8, 13, 14: courtesy of NASA/ JPL-Caltech; pages 6 (center), 9, 15: courtesy of NASA/JPL/University of Arizona; 1979 Jupiter flybys, with discovery of volcanoes and ice (n.) a planet, star, or moon (p. 10) Voyagers page 6 (background): courtesy of NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute; page 11: courtesy of NASA/ESA/M. Showalter (SETI Institute) on Jupiter’s moons explore (v.) to observe and learn about an 1980 Saturn flybys, with discovery of atmosphere on Titan; Title page: A NASA technician checks a test model of a Voyager spacecraft area by traveling over or through in 1977 at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. Voyager 1 begins trip out of solar system it (p. 4) in Space Page 3: Saturn and one of its moons as photographed by Voyager 1 on 1986 Voyager 2 reaches Uranus gravity (n.) the natural force that tends to pull November 3, 1980. The shadow of the moon appears on the planet’s cloud tops. 1989 Voyager 2 reaches Neptune and begins trip out of solar objects toward each other, such as system objects being pulled toward the 1990 Voyager Interstellar Mission begins center of Earth (p. 6) 1998 Voyager 1 passes Pioneer 10, becoming the most distant instruments tools, especially those used human-made object in space (n.) for making or recording 2012 Voyager 1 enters interstellar space measurements (p. 8) magnetic field an area around a magnet or Conclusion (n.) a moving electric charge where there is a magnetic force (p. 11) “The Voyager mission has opened up our mission (n.) a flight of a spacecraft or aircraft solar system,” says project scientist Dr. with the purpose of completing a special assignment (p. 4) Edward Stone. The two spacecraft ended orbits (n.) the paths taken by objects in space up exploring all of the solar system’s giant circling around other larger outer planets and forty-eight of their objects (p. 6) moons. Now the Voyagers are giving us probes (n.) devices used to send back information from places that are Voyagers in Space a first look at deep space. Like two small Correlation difficult or dangerous to reach Level P Leveled Book © Learning A–Z LEVEL P bottles in the universe’s huge ocean, they (p. 4) Written by Cheryl Reifsnyder Written by Cheryl Reifsnyder Fountas & Pinnell M carry a message from Earth to whatever solar system a group of objects in space that All rights reserved. Reading Recovery 28 DRA 28 lies beyond. (n.) orbit a star (p. 4) www.readinga-z.com www.readinga-z.com Voyagers in Space • Level P 15 16 Photo Credits: Front cover, back cover: © MPI/Archive Photos/Getty Images; title page: © Time Line: Important Dates for the Voyager Missions Glossary NASA/SSPL/The Image Works; page 3: © NASA/SuperStock; pages 4, 6 (bottom left), 7 (icons), 10, 12: courtesy of NASA/JPL; pages 5, 8, 13, 14: courtesy of NASA/ 1977 Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 launch 16 days apart atmosphere a layer of gases surrounding JPL-Caltech; pages 6 (center), 9, 15: courtesy of NASA/JPL/University of Arizona; Voyagers 1979 Jupiter flybys, with discovery of volcanoes and ice (n.) a planet, star, or moon (p. 10) page 6 (background): courtesy of NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute; page 11: courtesy of NASA/ESA/M. Showalter (SETI Institute) on Jupiter’s moons explore (v.) to observe and learn about an Title page: A NASA technician checks a test model of a Voyager spacecraft 1980 Saturn flybys, with discovery of atmosphere on Titan; in 1977 at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. area by traveling over or through in Space Voyager 1 begins trip out of solar system it (p. 4) Page 3: Saturn and one of its moons as photographed by Voyager 1 on November 3, 1980. The shadow of the moon appears on the planet’s cloud tops. 1986 Voyager 2 reaches Uranus gravity (n.) the natural force that tends to pull 1989 Voyager 2 reaches Neptune and begins trip out of solar objects toward each other, such as system objects being pulled toward the 1990 Voyager Interstellar Mission begins center of Earth (p. 6) 1998 Voyager 1 passes Pioneer 10, becoming the most distant instruments tools, especially those used human-made object in space (n.) for making or recording 2012 Voyager 1 enters interstellar space measurements (p. 8) magnetic field an area around a magnet or Conclusion (n.) a moving electric charge where there is a magnetic force (p. 11) “The Voyager mission has opened up our mission (n.) a flight of a spacecraft or aircraft solar system,” says project scientist Dr. with the purpose of completing a special assignment (p. 4) Edward Stone. The two spacecraft ended orbits (n.) the paths taken by objects in space up exploring all of the solar system’s giant circling around other larger outer planets and forty-eight of their objects (p. 6) moons. Now the Voyagers are giving us probes (n.) devices used to send back Voyagers in Space information from places that are Correlation a first look at deep space. Like two small Level P Leveled Book difficult or dangerous to reach © Learning A–Z LEVEL P Written by Cheryl Reifsnyder bottles in the universe’s huge ocean, they (p. 4) Written by Cheryl Reifsnyder Fountas & Pinnell M All rights reserved. Reading Recovery 28 carry a message from Earth to whatever solar system a group of objects in space that DRA 28 www.readinga-z.com www.readinga-z.com lies beyond. (n.) orbit a star (p. 4) Voyagers in Space • Level P 15 16 The Golden Record The First Messages to Aliens Gathering information is only part of the The Golden Record isn’t the first message humans have sent into space. Pioneer 10 and 11 are the only other Voyagers’ mission. They are also carrying human-made objects currently headed out of the solar information out of the solar system. It’s a system. Each carries a metal plaque showing drawings of a man, a woman, and Earth’s position in the universe. message to non-Earth life forms, or aliens. The message is on a twelve-inch “Golden The Final Task Record” on the side of each spacecraft. Now that the Voyagers have finished The record includes music, art, and exploring planets, they have a new job. Table of Contents spoken greetings from around the world. They are the first probes to explore space One Tough Job ..................... 4 It also includes sounds from nature. beyond our solar system. In August 2012, Planning ......................... 6 Voyager left our solar system and began The outside of the record has a map this new journey. The Main Task ..................... 8 showing Earth’s location in the universe. Voyager 2 launches from Kennedy Space Center in Florida on August 20, Jupiter ............................ 9 1977. A Titan/Centaur rocket carries it into space. Aliens could use it to find Earth, but that Interstellar space One Tough Job probably won’t happen anytime soon. Bubble of strong Saturn ........................... 10 solar wind coming Voyager 1 won’t come close to another Our sun from our sun Uranus .......................... 11 When the two Voyager spacecraft star for at least Voyager 1 launched in 1977, they had a tough job Larger Neptune ......................... 12 bubble of mission explore forty thousand weak solar ahead. Their was to years! wind that The Golden Record ................ 13 Jupiter and Saturn, two giant planets trails behind Voyager 2 our sun The Final Task .................... 14 in the outer solar system. Their journey Orbit of Neptune, would be long and difficult. If something the farthest planet Conclusion ....................... 15 Famous American astronomer Dr. Carl Sagan from our sun broke, the space probes would just have led the committee that chose what to include on each Golden Record. Glossary ......................... 16 to make do with what they had. Voyagers in Space • Level P 13 14 Voyagers in Space • Level P 3 4 The Golden Record The First Messages to Aliens Gathering information is only part of the The Golden Record isn’t the first message humans have sent into space. Pioneer 10 and 11 are the only other Voyagers’ mission. They are also carrying human-made objects currently headed out of the solar information out of the solar system. It’s a system. Each carries a metal plaque showing drawings of a man, a woman, and Earth’s position in the universe. message to non-Earth life forms, or aliens. The message is on a twelve-inch “Golden The Final Task Record” on the side of each spacecraft. Now that the Voyagers have finished Table of Contents The record includes music, art, and exploring planets, they have a new job. One Tough Job ..................... 4 spoken greetings from around the world. They are the first probes to explore space It also includes sounds from nature. Planning ......................... 6 beyond our solar system. In August 2012, Voyager left our solar system and began The outside of the record has a map The Main Task ....................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cosmos: a Spacetime Odyssey (2014) Episode Scripts Based On
    Cosmos: A SpaceTime Odyssey (2014) Episode Scripts Based on Cosmos: A Personal Voyage by Carl Sagan, Ann Druyan & Steven Soter Directed by Brannon Braga, Bill Pope & Ann Druyan Presented by Neil deGrasse Tyson Composer(s) Alan Silvestri Country of origin United States Original language(s) English No. of episodes 13 (List of episodes) 1 - Standing Up in the Milky Way 2 - Some of the Things That Molecules Do 3 - When Knowledge Conquered Fear 4 - A Sky Full of Ghosts 5 - Hiding In The Light 6 - Deeper, Deeper, Deeper Still 7 - The Clean Room 8 - Sisters of the Sun 9 - The Lost Worlds of Planet Earth 10 - The Electric Boy 11 - The Immortals 12 - The World Set Free 13 - Unafraid Of The Dark 1 - Standing Up in the Milky Way The cosmos is all there is, or ever was, or ever will be. Come with me. A generation ago, the astronomer Carl Sagan stood here and launched hundreds of millions of us on a great adventure: the exploration of the universe revealed by science. It's time to get going again. We're about to begin a journey that will take us from the infinitesimal to the infinite, from the dawn of time to the distant future. We'll explore galaxies and suns and worlds, surf the gravity waves of space-time, encounter beings that live in fire and ice, explore the planets of stars that never die, discover atoms as massive as suns and universes smaller than atoms. Cosmos is also a story about us. It's the saga of how wandering bands of hunters and gatherers found their way to the stars, one adventure with many heroes.
    [Show full text]
  • Interstellar Spaceflight
    SPACEFLIGHT TOMORROW Interstellar Can We Travel to Other Stars? Small self-replicating probes could be launched on interstellar journeys. Creating a galactic Internet may yield even greater benefits by Timothy Ferris iving as we do in technologically triumphant times, we are inclined to NEAREST STARS to the solar system view interstellar spaceflight as a technical challenge, like breaking the are depicted in this view of the Milky Way galaxy as seen from 500 light- Lsound barrier or climbing Mount Everest—something that will no years above the galactic plane. The doubt be difficult but feasible, given the right resources and resourcefulness. green lines between the stars (inset) represent high-bandwidth radio This view has much to recommend it. Unmanned interstellar travel has, in a sense, beams in a hypothetical communi- already been achieved, by the Pioneer 10 and 11 and Voyager 1 and 2 probes, which cations network linking alien civiliza- were accelerated by their close encounters with Jupiter to speeds in excess of the sun’s tions. Such an interstellar network escape velocity and are outward-bound forever. By interstellar standards, these space- would allow intelligent species to craft are slow: Voyager 1, the speediest of the four at 62,000 kilometers per hour share knowledge without incurring (39,000 miles per hour), will wander for several tens of thousands of years before it the tremendous expense of traveling encounters another star. But the Wright brothers’ first airplane wasn’t particularly to other stars. speedy either. A manned interstellar spacecraft that improved on Voyager’s velocity by the same 1,000-fold increment by which Voyager improved on the Kitty Hawk flights could reach nearby stars in a matter of decades, if a way could be found to pay its exorbitant fuel bill.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA Celebrates Voyager and NASA IBEX Study Reveals New Dynamics of the Heliospheric Boundary
    NASA Celebrates Voyager and NASA IBEX Study Reveals New Dynamics of the Heliospheric Boundary September 5, 2017 marked the 40th anniversary of the 1977 Voyager 1 spacecraft launch. Voyager 2 was launched on August 20, 1977. Although Voyager 1 was launched a few weeks after Voyager 2, it quickly sped ahead of Voyager 2 in space and today is the farthest spacecraft from Earth at 13 billion miles. Voyager 2 is the second farthest, with both spacecraft venturing where no human-made object has ever gone: into interstellar space. Voyager 1 is already outside the heliosphere. Voyager 2 is not far behind, approaching the heliopause, the critical boundary separating the solar wind from interstellar space. The NASA Heliophysics Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission, launched in 2008, is the first spacecraft designed to collect data across the entire sky about the heliosphere and the solar system’s boundary with interstellar space. A recent analysis of IBEX data has shown how the heliosphere “reacts” to the changes in polar coronal holes, which change in size with the 11-year solar cycle. A study by a team of scientists led by Dr. Eric Zirnstein of Princeton University analyzed IBEX observations of Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) collected between 2009 and 2015 over a range of energies (speeds of ~350 to 900 km/s). The team was able to track the Sun’s polar winds as they traveled out to the outer heliosphere, where they interacted with hydrogen atoms, creating ENA’s speeding back into the heliosphere towards the Sun. Analysis of IBEX data reveals it takes the solar wind near the Sun around two to three years to travel out to the heliosphere and then back toward the Sun to be seen in the data as ENAs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Farthest — Voyager in Space
    Q2 3 Program Guide KENW-TV/FM Eastern New Mexico University August 2017 The Farthest — Voyager in Space 1 When to watch from Channel 3-2 – August 2017 A to Z listings for 3-1 are on pages 18 & 19 American Woodshop – Saturdays, 6:30 a.m.; Thursdays, 11:00 a.m. Nova (continued) – America’s Heartland – Saturdays, 6:30 p.m. “Emperor’s Ghost Army” – Wednesday, 16th, 8:00 p.m.; America’s Test Kitchen – Saturdays, 7:30 a.m.; Saturday, 19th, 10:00 p.m.; Sunday, 20th, 12:30 a.m. Mondays, 11:30 a.m. (ends 14th) “Eclipse Over America” – Monday, 21st, 8:00 p.m.; Antiques Roadshow – Wednesday, 23rd, 7:00 p.m.; Saturday, 26th, 10:00 p.m.; Mondays, 7:00 p.m. (except 7th)/8:00 p.m. (except 7th, 21st)/11:00 p.m.; Sunday, 28th, 12:00 midnight Sundays, 7:00 a.m. “Zeppelin Terror Attack” – Wednesday, 20th, 8:00 p.m. Are You Being Served? Again! – Saturdays, 8:00 p.m. (19th, 26th only) P. Allen Smith’s Garden Home – Saturdays, 10:00 a.m. (except 12th) Ask This Old House – Saturdays, 4:00 p.m. (except 5th) Painting and Travel – Sundays, 6:00 a.m. (begins 13th) Austin City Limits – Paint This with Jerry Yarnell – Saturdays, 11:00 a.m. (except 12th) Saturdays, 9:00 p.m. (except 5th, 12th)/12:00 midnight PBS NewsHour – Weekdays, 6:00 p.m./12:00 midnight BBC World News – Weekdays, 6:30 a.m./4:30 p.m.; Fridays, 5:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Voyager at 40 by Planetary Scientist Carl Sagan, These Discs Were Packaged with Their Own Stylus and Dia- Grams Showing How to Play Them
    COMMENT BOOKS & ARTS temporarily stopped moving at the end of its Saturn encounter. We meet characters such as Ed Stone, Voyager’s legendary project sci- entist, who grows greyer at each press confer- ence, but never loses his clear articulation of the wonders the spacecraft have seen. And they’re wonders indeed. Scientific discoveries come fast and furious each time one of the probes flies past a planet. Every CROSSING THE LINE PRODUCTIONS image taken as the spacecraft approaches its target becomes the best ever made of it. Jupi- ter’s Great Red Spot pops into focus, glaring balefully in a swirl of tempestuous clouds. Volcanoes on its moon Io hove unexpectedly into view. Saturn’s extraordinary ring system appears, along with its haze-encrusted moon Titan. Even poor Uranus, that boring aqua- marine blob, turns out to have an unusual magnetic field, torqued as the planet orbits on its side. And lurking in the cold, gassy clouds of Neptune was a vast dark spot. Reynolds wisely avoids fetishizing the oft- lionized JPL team, opting instead for moody The Farthest depicts the cosmic journey of the Voyager probes. mission-control shots and thoughtful inter- views. She interweaves the chronological SPACE SCIENCE account of Voyager’s explorations with the philosophical implications of the famous golden records that the craft carry, as a mes- sage to the stars. In a programme spearheaded Voyager at 40 by planetary scientist Carl Sagan, these discs were packaged with their own stylus and dia- grams showing how to play them. They carry Alexandra Witze applauds a documentary on the twin sounds including spoken greetings in 55 lan- NASA probes as they sail out of the Solar System.
    [Show full text]
  • Lunar Base: Power Generation and Thermal Control System Design
    POLITECNICO DI TORINO Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Ingegneria Energetica e Nucleare Tesi di Laurea Magistrale Lunar Base: power generation and thermal control system design Relatore Prof. Marco Carlo Masoero Secondo Relatore Ing. Giuseppe Gervasio Co-relatori Ing. Marco Cimino Ing. Gabriele Cecchini Candidato Angelica Peressotti Politecnico di Torino 6 Dicembre 2018 Abstract This thesis is a preliminary study for a future human return to the Moon and a construction of a lunar base. The reasons are multiple, but the most important one is a scientific objective. This can lead to a deeper knowledge of our natural satellite, how it was created, what is evolution of Earth-Moon system and the origin of rocky planets. The lunar surface also contains information of inner Solar system process, linked for example to the water analysis. Water was in fact deposited on the Moon about 4 billion years ago from the impact of comets and asteroids and this happens also for Earth. Some of these objectives can be achieved robotically with in situ measurements and experiments, but the perspective is also a human contribution. Obviously, there will be different construction phases that will bring to the operative and autonomous lunar base. The scope of this work is the analysis of a power generation and thermal control system for a fully operative Moon base. First of all, it was done a data collection of power and thermal system for different space mission in order to understand what the most used ones are. Then it was performed the system power budget, based on International Space Station to have a better feeling of how much power is necessary to sustain life and perform scientific objectives, that is about 54 kWe for the day and 17 kWe for the night.
    [Show full text]
  • Voyager in Space
    THE FARTHEST VOYAGER IN SPACE TANGLEDBANKSTUDIOS.ORG PBS.ORG/FARTHEST “You can only explore the solar system for the first time once. Voyager did that.” – LARRY SODERBLOM, IMAGING SCIENCE, VOYAGER MISSION Launched in the summer of 1977, In addition to making discoveries, TITLE THE FARTHEST— VOYAGER IN SPACE Voyager was the audacious first mission Voyager carried a Golden Record, a disk that would visit all the outermost planets. containing music and spoken greetings DURATION 1X97 from around the world. Renowned An adventure with heart and humor, astronomer Carl Sagan was a driving WRITTEN AND DIRECTED BY THE FARTHEST EMER REYNOLDS is the story of Voyager force behind this message for any as told firsthand by the indelible intelligent alien who might someday PRODUCED BY JOHN MURRAY characters who made the mission happen. stumble across the spacecraft. AND CLARE STRONGE They are a small band of resourceful, PRODUCTION HHMI TANGLED ambitious, and passionate men and After the final planetary encounter, BANK STUDIOS AND CROSSING women who reached for the stars … and Sagan turned Voyager’s cameras back THE LINE FILMS succeeded. As they reckon with their toward Earth. The resulting image of our astonishing accomplishments, they take home as a pale blue dot, no bigger than YEAR 2017 the viewer on a journey both epic and a dust mote, stirred conflicting emotions intimate that will stand alongside the of humility and pride. achievements of Magellan, Columbus, Gagarin, and Armstrong. In 2012, 11 billion miles from Earth, Voyager 1 left our solar system, popping Nothing about the mission was easy. The out of the bubble-like magnetic field twin spacecraft defied the odds to survive surrounding our sun.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pluto-New Horizons RTG and Power System Early Mission Performance
    The Pluto-New Horizons RTG and Power System Early Mission Performance Geffrey K. Ottman* and Christopher B. Hersman† Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland, 20723, USA On January 19, 2006, the Pluto-New Horizons spacecraft was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) with a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) as the power source and a 30V power regulation and distribution system designed and built by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Pluto-New Horizons is the flagship spacecraft of NASA’s New Frontiers program of medium-class interplanetary missions and targets the first reconnaissance of Pluto and its moon, Charon, and the Kuiper Belt. Arrival at Pluto is scheduled for July, 2015 at which time the spacecraft will have traveled 3 billion miles and be almost 32 AU from the sun. Due to the extended mission duration and extreme distance from the sun, a RTG was chosen as the spacecraft’s power source. RTG missions place complexity on the spacecraft power system design due to their unique power characteristics and limited opportunities for test prior to pre-launch field operations. The RTG integration and test with the spacecraft results are presented along with the spacecraft power system performance during launch and in the early mission phase. These in-flight operational results demonstrate a fully functioning power system that will supply the spacecraft with safe and reliable power during the exploration of the farthest reaches of the solar system. I. Mission Description HE Pluto-New Horizons spacecraft is currently en route to Pluto and its moons to perform scientific T reconnaissance of the last unexplored planet in the solar system.
    [Show full text]
  • Article 4; Voyager Telecommunications
    DESCANSO Design and Performance Summary Series Article 4 Voyager Telecommunications Roger Ludwig and Jim Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California March 2002 This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Voyager: The Interstellar Mission After exploring the outer planets—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune—the Voyager spacecraft are seeking the edge of the solar system and heading toward their final destination: interstellar space. These words acknowledge the Voyager mission’s proud planetary past and introduce the interstellar challenge ahead. We chose “Leaving Home” as the cover image for the Voyager Interstellar Mission because it portrays the Voyager 2 spacecraft as it leaves the solar system and embarks on its exploration of the dark and mysterious environment of interstellar space. The Voyagers returned science data from Jupiter in 1979 and from Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune in the 1980s. The Interstellar Mission began in January 1990 and is planned to continue through 2020. The spacecraft on the cover looks very much like the full-scale model displayed in von Kármán Auditorium at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Not farewell, But fare forward, voyagers T.S. Eliot1 This article was originally published on the website, DESCANSO: Deep Space Communica- tions and Systems Navigation, http://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/index_ext.html 1 From The Dry Salvages (1941), excerpted in [5]. Also referenced in http://president.ua.edu/talks/looking.html and http://www.anglicancommunion.org/acns/lambeth/lc117.html DESCANSO DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE SUMMARY SERIES Issued by the Deep-Space Communications and Navigation Systems Center of Excellence Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Joseph H.
    [Show full text]
  • The Saturn System 1
    GETTING TO KNOW SATURN LESSON The Saturn System 1 3 hrs Students learn the concept of a system and apply it to learning about the Saturn sys- tem. They work with a ready-made scale diagram of the Saturn system, including the planet, rings, and moons. MEETS NATIONAL The lesson prepares students to complete a SCIENCE EDUCATION STANDARDS: Venn diagram that compares and contrasts Unifying Concepts the Saturn and Earth–Moon systems in and Processes • Systems, order, terms of the systems’ components and and organization interactions. Composite of Voyager images of Saturn and some of the moons. Earth and Space Science PREREQUISITE SKILLS BACKGROUND INFORMATION • Earth in the Solar System Working in groups Background for Lesson Discussion, page 2 Drawing and interpreting system diagrams Questions, page 7 Measuring in millimeters Answers in Appendix 1, page 225 Computation (multiplication and division) 1–21: Saturn Completing a Venn diagram 22–34: Rings 35–50: Moons 51–55: Observing Saturn in the Sky EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS, AND TOOLS For the teacher Materials to reproduce Photocopier (for transparencies & copies) Figures 1–8 are provided at the end of Overhead projector this lesson. Chalkboard, whiteboard, or easel with FIGURE TRANSPARENCY COPIES paper; chalk or markers 1 1 1 per group Color image or video of Saturn (optional) 2 1 optional Basketball (optional) 3 1 per group For each group of 3 to 4 students 4 1 per group Chart paper (18" x 22"); color markers 5 1 per group Notebook paper; pencils; clear adhesive 6 1 per group tape; scissors; ruler with millimeter 7 optional divisions 8 1 per student Meter stick (optional) 1 Saturn Educator Guide • Cassini Program website — http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/cassini/educatorguide • EG-1999-12-008-JPL Background for Lesson Discussion LESSON • Moon–moon interactions include Epimetheus 1 Comparing the Saturn system to Earth’s system and Janus swapping orbits.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pluto-New Horizons RTG and Power System Early Mission Performance
    4th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) AIAA 2006-4029 26 - 29 June 2006, San Diego, California The Pluto-New Horizons RTG and Power System Early Mission Performance Geffrey K. Ottman* and Christopher B. Hersman† Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland, 20723, USA On January 19, 2006, the Pluto-New Horizons spacecraft was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) with a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) as the power source and a 30V power regulation and distribution system designed and built by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Pluto-New Horizons is the flagship spacecraft of NASA’s New Frontiers program of medium-class interplanetary missions and targets the first reconnaissance of Pluto and its moon, Charon, and the Kuiper Belt. Arrival at Pluto is scheduled for July, 2015 at which time the spacecraft will have traveled 3 billion miles and be almost 32 AU from the sun. Due to the extended mission duration and extreme distance from the sun, a RTG was chosen as the spacecraft’s power source. RTG missions place complexity on the spacecraft power system design due to their unique power characteristics and limited opportunities for test prior to pre-launch field operations. The RTG integration and test with the spacecraft results are presented along with the spacecraft power system performance during launch and in the early mission phase. These in-flight operational results demonstrate a fully functioning power system that will supply the spacecraft with safe and reliable power during the exploration of the farthest reaches of the solar system.
    [Show full text]
  • 16.89J / ESD.352J Space Systems Engineering Spring 2007
    MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 16.89J / ESD.352J Space Systems Engineering Spring 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Rapid Modeling of Mars Robotic Explorers 16.89 Design Document Spring 2003 Massachusetts Institute of Technology This work was completed as part of the 16.89 Space Systems Engineering course, a semester- long graduate design course in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) No part of this report may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of MIT. This document is available in Adobe PDF and Microsoft Word formats. Design Document: Rapid Modeling of Mars Robotic Explorers 2 Contributors Instruments Acquisition Environment Christopher Roberts Ian Garrick-Bethell Stephanie Chiesi Julie Wertz Erisa Hines Jessica Marquez Rover Power Communications Mark Hilstad Kalina Galabova Babak Cohanim Julien Lamamy Roshanak Nilchiani Tsoline Mikaelian Autonomy Edward Fong Barry Willhite Faculty Professor David Miller Colonel John Keesee Joseph Parrish (Payload Systems, Inc.) Design Document: Rapid Modeling of Mars Robotic Explorers 3 Acknowledgements The contributors to this report would like to acknowledge the following people for their contributions, advice, information and guidance. Charles Whetsel, JPL Allen Chen, JPL Design Document: Rapid Modeling of Mars Robotic Explorers 4 Forward The Rapid Modeling of Mars Robotic Explorers project is the result of a one-semester course, 16.89 Space Systems Engineering, held in the spring of 2003 in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    [Show full text]