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265 Genus Chilades Moore AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES. MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Updated 17 August 2021 Genus Chilades Moore, [1881] Jewel Blues In: Moore, [1880-2]. The lepidoptera of Ceylon 1: 76 (190 pp.). London. Type-species: Papilio lajus Stoll, by original designation [extralimital]. The genus Chilades belongs to the Family Lycaenidae Leach, 1815; Subfamily Polyommatinae Swainson, 1827; Tribe Polyommatini Swainson, 1827; Subtribe Polyommatina Swainson, 1827. The other genera in the Subtribe Polyommatina found in the Afrotropical Region are Freyeria, Luthrodes, Kipepeo and Birabiro. Chilades (Jewel Blues) is an Afrotropical, Palaearctic and Oriental genus containing nine species. Five species are found in the Afrotropical region: eleusis, evorae, naidina, sanctithomae and serrula.There are four extralimital species: lajus (Stoll, 1780), roemli Kalis, 1933, saga (Grose-Smith, 1895) and yunnanensis Watkins, 1927. *Chilades eleusis (Demaison, 1888) Sky-blue Grass Jewel Euchrysops eleusis Demaison, 1888. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France (6) 8: 66 (65-67). Chilades eleusis (Demaison, 1888). Ackery et al., 1995. Synonym of Chilades naidina (Butler, 1886). Balint, 1999: 45. Chilades eleusis (Demaison, 1888). Larsen, 2005a Chilades eleusis Demaison, 1888. d’Abrera, 2009: 844. Chilades eleusis (Demaison, 1888). Williams, 2020. stat. rev. Chilades eleusis. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ougadoudou, Burkina Faso. 12 July 1996. A. Gardiner. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection. 1 Chilades eleusis. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ougadoudou, Burkina Faso. 12 July 1996. A. Gardiner. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection. Type locality: [Egypt (Larsen, 2005a)]: “beaucoup de localités de la Nubie, dans l’île de Philé, à Ibsamboul, Ouadi-Halfa, etc.”. Distribution: Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau (Bacelar, 1949), Burkina Faso, Ghana (extreme north), Benin (north), Nigeria (north), Niger, Cameroon (north), Chad, Sudan. Extralimitally in Egypt. Specific localities: Senegal – Podor (Mabille, 1890). Gambia – Fajara, Brufut, Tintinto, Bijilo, Kartong, Abuko, Gunjur, Kotu, Tanji, Sankulay Kunda, Basse (Jon Baker, pers, comm. May 2020). Burkina Faso – Ouagadougou (Larsen, 2005a). Benin – see Coache et al. (2017). Nigeria – Ilo (Sharpe, 1902); Kano (Larsen, 2005a). Sudan – Ipsambul? (Staudinger, 1894). Habitat: Very dry habitats in Sudan savanna and the Sahel (Larsen, 2005a). Colonies have even been found on littoral dunes 50 m from the sea in Gambia (H. Boersma, vide Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Occurs in small colonies on open ground (Larsen, 2005a). Individuals fly in extreme heat, rarely more than a few centimetres above the ground (Larsen, 2005a). Low-growing flowers are visited when these are available (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Acacia species (Fabaceae) [Larsen, 2005a; low growing shrubs]. podorina Mabille, 1890 (as sp. of Lycaena). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (6) 10: 25 (17-51). Senegal: “environs de Podor”. pharaonis Staudinger, 1894 (as sp. of Lycaena). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 7: 243 (241- 296). Egypt: “Cairo”; Sudan: “Ipsambul (?); Nubien”. nigeriae Sharpe, 1902 (as sp. of Euchrysops). Entomologist 35: 102 (65-68, 101-107). Nigeria: “Ilo”. Given as a good species of Chilades in Ackery et al., 1995 but synonymised with Chilades naidina by Balint, 1999 (Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 46: 48 (1-89)). Synonymized with Chilades eleusis by Larsen, 2005a. strigatus Aurivillius, 1925. In: Seitz, 1908-25 (as f. of Cupido eleusis). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 490 (614 pp.). Sudan: “Nubien”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/e). *Chilades evorae Libert, Baliteau & Baliteau, 2011 Cape Verde Grass Jewel Chilades evorae Libert, Baliteau & Baliteau, 2011. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 116 (1): 64 (63-67). 2 Type locality: Cape Verde Islands: “République du Cap-Vert, île de Santo Antão, Porto Novo, à 5 km au nord de Porto Novo, env. de Mesa, alt. 650 m, 11.I.2009, L. Baliteau (MNHN)”. Distribution: Cape Verde Islands. Specific localities: Cape Verde Islands – near Mesa, Porto Novo, Santo Antao Island (TL); Santa Luzia Island (Tennent & Russell, 2019); Raso Island (Tennent & Russell, 2019); Sao Vicente Island (Tennent & Russell, 2019). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Lotus sp. (Fabaceae) [Tennent & Russell, 2019]. *Chilades naidina (Butler, 1886) Somalia Grass Jewel Catochrysops naidina Butler, 1886. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885: 762 (756-776). Lepidochrysops naidina (Butler, 1886). Ackery et al., 1995. Chilades naidina (Butler, 1886). Balint, 1999: 46. comb. n. Lepidochrysops naidina Butler, 1886. d’Abrera, 2009: 826. [ignores Balint, 1999] Chilades naidina (Butler, 1886). Talavera et al., 2013:188. Painting of the type of naidina from the original publication (Butler, 1886) Type locality: Somalia. [In part.] Distribution: Somalia. Specific localities: Habitat: Habits: Early stages: Larval food: *Chilades sanctithomae (Sharpe, 1893) Sao Tome Grass Jewel Catochrysops sancti-thomae Sharpe, 1893. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893: 556 (553-558). Freyeria sanctithomae (Sharpe, 1893). Ackery et al., 1995. Chilades sanctithomae (Sharpe, 1893). Hesselbarth et al., 1995. comb. n. Chilades sanctithomae Sharpe, 1893. d’Abrera, 2009: 844. Type locality: Sao Tome & Principe: “St. Nicolau”. Distribution: Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome). Specific localities: Sao Tome – St. Nicolau (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. 3 *Chilades serrula (Mabille, 1890) Senegal Grass Jewel Lycaena serrula Mabille, 1890. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (6) 10: 25 (17-51). Freyeria serrula (Mabille, 1890). Ackery et al., 1995. Chilades serrula (Mabille, 1890). Hesselbarth et al., 1995. comb. n. Type locality: Senegal. Distribution: Senegal. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Note: Larsen (2005a) does not mention this taxon in his book on West African butterflies. D’Abrera (2009: 842) avers that Chilades serrula (Mabille, 1890) is a junior synonym of Chilades eleusis (Demaison, 1888) but makes no formal taxonomic changes. However, he omits serrula from his book. 4.
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