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Effect of Season and Plant Growth Regulators on Crop Growth and Yield in Dolichos Bean [Lablab Purpureus (L.) Sweet]

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Effect of Season and Plant Growth Regulators on Crop Growth and Yield in Dolichos Bean [Lablab Purpureus (L.) Sweet] Available online at www.ijpab.com Pramoda and Sajjan Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (4): 423-430 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.6507 ISSN: 2320 – 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (4): 423-430 (2018) Research Article Effect of Season and Plant Growth Regulators on Crop Growth and Yield in Dolichos Bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] Pramoda and Ashok S. Sajjan* Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad – 580005 *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 22.05.2018 | Revised: 27.06.2018 | Accepted: 5.07.2018 ABSTRACT The field experiments were carried out during 2016-17 at Department of Seed Science and Technology, UAS Dharwad. There are 18 treatment combinations involving two seasons viz., kharif season 2016 and rabi season 2016-17 and plant growth regulators as other factor viz., G1: Control, G2 : GA3 @ 50 ppm, G3 : NAA @ 40 ppm, G4 : Cycocel @ 100 ppm, G5 : Mepiquat chloride @ 50 ppm, G6 : Nitrobenzene @ 200 ppm, G7: TIBA @ 50 ppm, G8 : Brassinosteroids @ 200 ppm, G9 : GA3 @ 5 ppm + IAA @ 5 ppm. The results shows that more number of branches (9.83) per plant at harvest , higher relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) (49.76), days to flower initiation (41.59) and also for less days to 50 % flowering (45.97) days and early (51.91) days to pod initiation and (90.50) days to pod maturity compared to kharif season (S1) except plant height. Among the plant growth regulator foliar spray, higher plant height and number of branches (114.80 cm and 10.87, respectively) at harvest, higher relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) (51.08) ,early flower initiation , pod maturity was recorded in NAA @ 40 ppm and least was seen in control plots (G1) followed by in nitrobenzene @ 200 ppm. The interaction effect was found to be non significant However, foliar spraying of NAA @ 40 ppm recorded higher growth and yield attributing parameters as compared to control. Key words: Dolichos bean, Rabi season, NAA, nitrobenzene, SPAD value and Seed yield. INTRODUCTION Kerala and Maharashtra. It is a bushy, semi Dolichos Bean or Hyacinth Bean (Dolichos erect, perennial herb showing no tendency to lablab L.) is also called as Indian bean. It is climb. The leaves are made up of three leaflets originated in India and belongs to the family each up to 15 cm long.. The inflorescence is Fabaceae Sub. Family Papilionoideae. The made up of racemes of many flowers. Some crop is mostly grown throughout tropical cultivars have white flowers and others may regions of Asia, Africa and America. In India, have purplish or blue. The fruit is a legume it is grown as a field crop in Tamil Nadu, pod variable in shape, size and colour. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Cite this article: Pramoda and Sajjan, A.S., Effect of Season and Plant Growth Regulators on Crop Growth and Yield in Dolichos Bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet], Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6(4): 423-430 (2018). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.6507 Copyright © July-August, 2018; IJPAB 423 Pramoda and Sajjan Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (4): 423-430 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 It contains up to five seeds. The crop prefers of the experimental site was medium deep relatively cool seasons with temperature black clay. The experiment comprised of two ranging from 14 0 to 28 °C. Its wild forms are seasons and plant growth regulators with 18 found in India. Karnataka contributes a major treatment combination. The experiment was share, nearly 90 percent in terms of both area laid out in factorial RBD with three and production in the country. Karnataka state replications. The seeds were sown at 45 x 15 records production about 18,000 tonnes from cm spacing and entire quantity of fertilizer an area of about 85,000 hectares1. Being a 25:50:25 kg NPK per ha was applied as a basal legume, it fixes atmospheric nitrogen to the dose. Routine cultural operations were extent of 170 kg per ha besides leaving enough attended to keep the plots free from weeds. crop residues to enrich the soils with organic The observations were recorded on plant matter growth and yield in both the season. It is generally grown under kharif season but late kharif cultivation is also RESULTS AND DISCUSSION practised. Non availability of quality seeds, Influence of season (S) absence of suitable seed production The plant growth, flowering, seed yield and technology, heavy flower dropping and heavy quality parameters are generally are influenced incidence of pest and diseases, inadequate post by several biotic, abiotic, agronomic and harvest handling operations and lack of management practices besides genetic makeup knowledge about varieties by farmers lead to of a genotype. In this study, seasonal fall in productivity. It could be enhanced by differences with respect to plant growth developing suitable low cost seed production regulators has been recorded in dolichos bean. technology by combining conventional and Significant variation in plant height at 30, 60 scientific practices for achieving the DAS and at harvest was observed. In general commercial success of the crop. In contrast to kharif season (S1) recorded more plant height the breeding approach which is difficult and of 26.67 cm, 56.96 cm and 108.74 cm at 30, costly, foliar application of plant growth 60 DAS and at harvest, respectively (Table 1). regulators is an easy, low cost and low risk 1,281 seed yield kg per ha was recorded technique and alternative approach to during rabi season. The increased seed yield overcome agricultural problems. Went21 stated may be attributed to numerically more number of branches and relative chlorophyll (SPAD that without hormones there would be no 10 value) did not differ much were observed in growth. Lever considered the influence of rabi season (S ) at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest economic factors on the future of growth 2 respectively as compared to kharif season (S ). regulators in relation to their use in field crops. 1 The relative higher chlorophyll content (SPAD Keeping this background in view, the present value) (37.65, 49.76 and 36.53) were obtained investigation was initiated with an objective to in rabi season (S ) at 30, 60 DAS and at enhance the crop growth and productivity of 2 harvest, respectively (Table 2) as compared to this crop by use of plant growth regulators. kharif season (S1). Leaf chlorophyll content is an indicator of the physiological status of a MATERIAL AND METHODS plant. (SPAD chlorophyll meter reading) The kharif field experiment was conducted at (SCMR) and it is an important indicator of the Main Agricultural Research Station Farm, photo-synthetically active light transmittance University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad characteristics of the leaf16, which is dependent while the rabi field experiment in the Saidapur on the unit amount of chlorophyll (chlorophyll Farm and laboratory studies in Seed Science density) per unit leaf area. In general, and Technology department, University of chlorophyll content was increased from 30 Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. It is situated DAS to 60 DAS and decreased thereafter. under the Agro Climatic Zone-8 (Northern Consistently superior growth performance Transitional tract) of Karnataka State. The soil with higher plant height, number of branches Copyright © July-August, 2018; IJPAB 424 Pramoda and Sajjan Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (4): 423-430 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 in rabi season may be attributed to the structure, crop growth, maturity and seed prevalence of cool day temperature during rabi yield in different pluses. In the present study season Moderately good humid climate and also, plant growth regulators have showed the bright sunny period during the grand marked stimulatory effect on various crop vegetative stage period in the transitional tract growth, flowering, maturity and seed yield of Dharwad region. This congenial weather irrespective of the season. conditions might have enhanced the The higher seed yield 1,360 kg per ha carbohydrate metabolism, accumulation and may be due to higher plant height and 2 physiological process leading to better growth number of branches at 30, 60 DAS and at parameters. harvest was significantly higher in NAA @ 40 The days to flower initiation, days to ppm and was least in control plots. The plant 50 % flowering, days to pod initiation and height and number of branches at 30, 60 DAS days to pod maturity was generally controlled and at harvest was markedly maximum (26.77, and influenced by the photoperiod of the 59.41 and 114.80 cm and 4.09, 7.8 and 10.87, environment prevailing during crop growth respectively) (Table 1). On the contrary at 30, period. The rabi season (S2) took numerically less (41.59) days to initiate flowering and also 60 and 90 DAS and at harvest significantly significantly for less days to 50 % flowering higher relative chlorophyll content (SPAD (45.97) days and (51.91) days less to pod value) (39.69, 51.08 and 38.47, respectively) initiation and (90.50) days as compared to (Table 2) was recorded in NAA @ 40 ppm and kharif season (S1) which took more days was least in control plots (G1). Similar results (Table 2 and 3). These findings are in were observed in chick pea8 but after 60 days agreement with findings of Ramteke14 of sowing in both the season chlorophyll concluded that the number of days required by content decreased and this might be due to the chick pea genotypes for flower initiation, 50 plants reaching maturity and becoming yellow per cent flowering, pod formation and maturity leaf, shredding and drying of leaves occur. were less in the rabi season compared to kharif However, at harvest, there was no difference season.
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