CH403 Organic Chemistry

Basics UG/PG/CE: Undergraduate Semester: Semester 1 2008/2009

Strathclyde Standard 2003 Scheme: Credits: 10 Level: Level 4 and after

NE - Not Offered As An Location: John Anderson Elective: Elective

Mode Of Attendance Delivery:

Department: Pure And Applied Chemistry

Faculty: Faculty Of Science

Credit Rating Equivalence Credit Scheme Credits Level European Credit Transfer Scheme 5 Not Applicable Strathclyde Standard 2002 and before 1 Advanced

Teaching Components Timetabled Components - ACADEMIC YEAR 2008/2009 NB: Lecture details are shown below, attendance at practical and/or tutorial events may also be required. Activity Type Component Lecture A

It is assumed that a student will participate in one offering (series) of each of the above components.

Teaching Component Offering Times Lectures Component Series Day Start End Weeks Building Room A 1 Tuesday 12:00 13:00 wk 1-23 THOMAS GRAHAM C61 A 1 Thursday 12:00 13:00 wk 1-23 THOMAS GRAHAM C61

NB: Rooms and times are subject to change.

Staff Contact: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY Organiser: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Overview Aims:

To survey some of a series of contemporary organoelemental techniques that have been developed for use in organic synthesis.

To highlight a further selection of developing methods and strategies in organic chemistry and to link the new synthetic methods to both mechanistic understanding and the practical processes employed.

To reinforce the use of retrosynthetic analysis as a method by which organic synthesis can be planned and, in so doing, show how the use of the delineated techniques can be embedded within synthetic pathways.

To examine the use of these techniques and strategies, where they have been applied, in target molecule synthesis.

To apply the techniques being covered within chemical problem solving sessions.

To discuss prostereoisomerism and outline the nomenclature protocols.

To exemplify prostereoisomerism in enzymatic processes.

To detail stereoselective and stereospecific processes.

Briefly overview thermodynamic principles of selectivity.

Briefly overview methods of measuring chirality.

Syllabus Topics 1-8 Use of Organoelemental Reagents in Synthesis

This will expand on the introduction to this general area as covered in the 3rd Year and will include more advanced aspects of organoboron chemistry (e.g. carbonylation reactions and use of alkynes), organosilicon chemistry (e.g. further use of allyl and vinyl silane [including aspects of regio-and stereoselectivity], organophosphorus chemistry (e.g. E- and Z-selective olefinations, conversion of aldehydes to alkynes), orgnosufur chemistry (e.g. selectivity in use of sulfonium ylides and Shapiro- type processes), and organoselenium chemistry. Within this area and as part of the problem solving sessions, aspects of retrosynthetic analysis using these and other (previously covered) reagents will be embedded within the lectures.

9-12 Contemporary Reagents for Use in Synthesis.

Alternative contemporary alkene forming processed and a range of selective oxidation and reduction processes will be delineated. The synthetic methods will be linked to mechanistic understanding and the practical techniques used. Again, problem solving sessions will illustrate how these (and previously covered) techniques can be used in synthetic organic sequences.

12-17 Overview of techniques for studying organic reaction mechanisms. Product studies, stereochemical outcomes, isotopic labelling, kinetic measurements, chemical and physical trapping of intermediates and the Favorskii rearrangement, photochemical intermediates and matrix isolation.

Frontier Orbital Theory, Woodward-Hoffmann Rules, pericyclic reactions: cycloadditions, sigmatropic and electrocyclic reactions.

18-20 Re-introduction of chirality and prostereoisomerism discussed in terms of hydride addition to prochiral and chiral carbonyl compounds and some basic definitions (ee, dr, de, kinetic resolution). Selectivity and Specificity: Steric & co-ordination control, mechanistic control, stereoelectronic control (Felkin Ahn and chelation models, relative topicity) thermodynamic/kinetic control. Thermodynamic principles of selectivity. Measurement of chirality, polarimetry NMR shift reagents and chromatography.

Learning Outcomes Learning Outcomes:

Level 4

To develop an understanding of the mechanism and reactivity principles involved in the use of more advanced organoelemental reagents (including organoboron, -silicon, -phophorus, ?sulfur, and ?selenium compounds).

To develop an understanding of the regio- and stereoselectivity that can be achieved in organic synthesis by the use of such organoelemental methods.

To establish an understanding and awareness of the continually evolving nature of organic chemistry by the introduction of new and developing methods in organic chemistry (e.g. mild and selective oxidations and reductions, emerging olefination techniques, and hypervalent-iodide derived methods).

To build a knowledge base of the chief characteristics of such organoelemental species and other contemporary reagents that overlays the knowledge base obtained from earlier stages of the chemistry course and, in particular, that covered in Year 3 (and 4).

To develop an understanding of the mechanism and reactivity principles involved in the use of the new and developing methods and to establish the levels of selectivity that can be achieved by the use of such techniques.

To develop problem solving abilities in a range of synthetic contexts by applying the advanced preparative techniques delineated as part of this programme.

To further extend and develop an understanding of the transferable principles of organic chemistry, in particular with regards synthetic strategies involving polyfunctional molecules.

To further develop the application of knowledge and understanding to the solution of problems and to the prediction of chemical properties of previously unseen compounds or reactions.

Be able to assign prostereoisomeric groups and faces using stereochemical nomenclature.

Be aware of the methods of controlling stereoselective and stereospecific processes and be able to apply these to synthetic transformations.

Understand the thermodynamic principles of selectivity.

Be aware of the methods of measuring chirality with an appreciation of the advantages/disadvantages of each method.

Level 5

To develop abilities to establish an appreciation of a range of distinct reagents and techniques that have the abilities to perform similar synthetic transformations and, by taking an overview, to develop the abilities to discern the comparative advantages and disadvantages of the individual reagents and techniques.

For a given synthetic transformation or series of transformations, to develop the abilities to reason whether a given reagent/technique or reagents/techniques would be used over alternative reagents or methods.

To develop a proficiency in manipulating a variety of organic structural formulae with an emphasis on polyfunctional organic compounds.

To further develop the application of knowledge and understanding to the solution of problems and to the prediction of chemical properties of previously unseen compounds or reactions.

CH404 Cage And Cluster Molecules

Basics UG/PG/CE: Undergraduate Semester: Semester 1 2008/2009

Strathclyde Standard 2003 Scheme: Credits: 5 Level: Level 4 and after

NE - Not Offered As An Location: John Anderson Elective: Elective

Mode Of Attendance Delivery:

Department: Pure And Applied Chemistry

Faculty: Faculty Of Science

Credit Rating Equivalence Credit Scheme Credits Level European Credit Transfer Scheme 2.5 Not Applicable Strathclyde Standard 2002 and before .5 Advanced

It is assumed that a student will participate in one offering (series) of each of the above components.

Teaching Component Offering Times Lectures Component Series Day Start End Weeks Building Room A 1 Wednesday 09:00 10:00 wk 7 THOMAS GRAHAM C61 A 1 Monday 09:00 10:00 wk 7-12 THOMAS GRAHAM C61

B 1 Friday 09:00 10:00 wk 7-12 THOMAS GRAHAM C61

NB: Rooms and times are subject to change.

Staff Contact: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Overview Aims

To introduce students to the fundamental importance of cage and cluster molecules in chemistry. To gain an appreciation of the widespread importance of organolithium compounds as indispensable reagents for synthesis. To gain an understanding of the preparation, structural principles and general reaction chemistry of key cage and cluster molecules.

Syllabus Topics

1-2 Basics of organolithium chemistry: general preparative methods; synthetic applications of and selectivity patterns of lithium alkyls, lithium amides, and mixed-metal superbases.

3-4 Principles of aggregation and solvation in organolithium compounds. Electron-deficient bonding, tetrameric and hexameric cages, polymers and other oligomers. Ring-stacking and ring-laddering.

5 Dynamic structures in solution. Structural rearrangements. The role of the metal in synthetic applications ? a case study of the aldol reaction.

6-7 Cluster molecules. Common geometries. Electron -precise, -deficient and -rich clusters. Boron hydride clusters. Electron-counting and Wade?s rules. Carborane and metallocarborane clusters.

8-9 Transition metal clusters. Osmium carbonyl species, high-nuclearity clusters, electron-counting rules, capping rule, clusters with encapsulated heteroatoms. Zintl clusters: group 14 and 15 anions (Ge94-, Sn94-, Sn82-, Pb52-).

10 Buckminsterfullerene and fullerene chemistry. General properties. Reactivity. Organometallic derivatives. Endohedra clusters.

Learning Outcomes Learning Outcomes At the end of the course the student should be able to:

Have an appreciation of the complexity and breadth of the structural chemistry of organolithium compounds, both in the solid state and solution Relate the reactivity and selectivity of organolithium reagents to their structures and bonding types Understand the difference between cage and cluster compounds Differentiate between electron-rich, electron-precise, and electron-deficient molecules Rationalise and predict the structures of boron hydride and related clusters by applying Wade's rules Be familiar with the terms isoelectronic, isolobal, and frontier orbitals in relation to cluster compounds Adjust Wade's rules for electron counting in transition metal carbonyl and Zintl cluster compounds Describe the preparation, structures, physical properties and reactivity of fullerene clusters

CH432 Transition Metal Chemistry

Basics UG/PG/CE: Undergraduate Semester: Semester 1 2008/2009

Strathclyde Standard 2003 Scheme: Credits: 5 Level: Level 4 and after

Location: John Anderson Elective: PE - Possible Elective

Mode Of Attendance Delivery:

Department: Pure And Applied Chemistry

Faculty: Faculty Of Science

Credit Rating Equivalence Credit Scheme Credits Level European Credit Transfer Scheme 2.5 Not Applicable Strathclyde Standard 2002 and before .5 Advanced

Teaching Components Teaching Contact - Overview Activity Type Total Contact Duration Units Lecture 12 hour(s) Practical 0 hour(s) Tutorial 4 hour(s)

Teaching Component Offering Times No Teaching Times found

Staff Contact: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY Lecturer: Dr John Reglinski, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY Organiser: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Overview Aims (a) To discuss advanced topics in the coordination and organometallic chemistry of the transition metals, including metal-metal bonding, cluster formation, ligand effects and small molecule activation, with particular reference to the 4d, 5d and 4f elements.

(b) To discuss the influences of ligand properties.

Syllabus Topics 1. Comparison of the 3d and 4d/5d elements. Thermodynamic aspects, lanthanide contraction. Effect on their chemistry; oxidation states, coordination numbers, bonding, and magnetic properties.

2-4 Metal-metal bonding. Orbital interactions leading to M-M bonding, M2 dimer. MO diagram, electron counting. Review of structural types. Bond orders. Review of species containing single to quadruple bonds. Interchange of bond orders.

5-6 Metal halide clusters. Contrast MX2 (M = Cr, Mo, W). Bonding (electron deficiency), structural types, redox activity (including non-integral oxidation states).

7 Ligands, Bonding modes. Influence of steric and electronic properties. Exemplified by Phosphines (Tolmans cone angles, substituents effects, chirality) and cyclopentadienyls (Substituents and rates of reaction).

8 Dioxygen as a ligand. MO diagram. Bonding Modes. Co, Rh, Ir systems. Reactivity versus reversibility, exemplified by M(PPh3)2(O2), (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). Relation to biological oxygen transport, an example of ligand design.

9 Dinitrogen and its complexes. Towards N2 fixation. Bonding (comparison with CO) structural types. Preparation and reactivity (activation). Ti, V, Zr, Mo, W, Ru, Os complexes.

10 Bonding and reactivity of other inorganic fragments; examples from NO, NO2, CO2, CSe2, COS, SO2.

11-12 C-H activation. Hydrogen migration, orthometallation, insertion reactions.

Learning Outcomes Learning Outcomes At the end of the course the student should:

- have an appreciation of the similarities and the differences between the 3d and the 4d/5d elements and an understanding of the reasons behind them; - have knowledge of the effect of physical differences on the chemical properties of these elements; - be able to understand why metal-metal bonding occurs; - be able to describe the main structural types of metal-metal bonded species, in terms of structures and bonding; - be able to calculate bond orders of metal-metal bonds and to understand the factors which can cause the bond order to change; - have a knowledge of higher oxidation state halide and chalcogeride clusters; - have an understanding of steric and electronic influences in ligand chemistry; - have an appreciation of activation or stabilisation of organic and organic fragments and metal centres; - be able to give examples from N2-fixation, sublogical O2-transport, stabilisation of NO and CS, C+H activation.

CH407 Interpretative Spectroscopy

Basics UG/PG/CE: Undergraduate Semester: Semester 1 2008/2009

Strathclyde Standard 2003 Scheme: Credits: 5 Level: Level 4 and after

NE - Not Offered As An Location: John Anderson Elective: Elective

Mode Of Attendance Delivery:

Department: Pure And Applied Chemistry

Faculty: Faculty Of Science

Credit Rating Equivalence Credit Scheme Credits Level European Credit Transfer Scheme 2.5 Not Applicable Strathclyde Standard 2002 and before .5 Advanced

It is assumed that a student will participate in one offering (series) of each of the above components.

Teaching Component Offering Times Lectures Component Series Day Start End Weeks Building Room A 1 Tuesday 11:00 12:00 wk 7-12 THOMAS GRAHAM C61 A 1 Thursday 11:00 12:00 wk 7-12 THOMAS GRAHAM C61

NB: Rooms and times are subject to change.

Staff Contact: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY Organiser: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Overview Aims

To review, using appropriate case histories, the use of a variety of spectroscopic and physical techniques for the elucidation of structural information from chemical compounds. The extent of available information and the limitations of each technique will be highlighted.

Syllabus Topics

1 Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Revision of fundamentals of multi-pulse operation. Relaxation times. Spin-spin coupling. Satellite Spectra. 2nd Order Spectra.

2 Quadrupolar nuclei. Receptivity; line-width factor; quadrupolar relaxation time. Effects of symmetry and physical conditions on linewidths.

3 Chemical Shifts ? diamagnetic and paramagnetic shielding parameters. NMR of transition metal nuclei. NMR of paramagnetic species. Examples from a range of less common nuclei.

4 ESR Spectroscopy. Basics, electron spin in a magnetic field, selection rules, g-values and hyperfine coupling constants. Experimental considerations. Anisotropy. Examples from inorganic and organic chemistry.

5 Magnetic properties of materials. Deviations from spin only behaviour: orbital contributions; 2nd order spin- orbit coupling.

6 Temperature dependence. Spin cross-over. Magnetic materials.

7 X-ray crystallography. Basics of diffraction. Bragg?s law. Unit cell; crystal system; Miller indices; Space groups.

8 The structure factor. Electron density. The Phase problem.

9 Structure solution. Direct methods. The Patterson function. Data refinement. Assessment of data quality. Practicalities ? crystal growth, quality and mounting. Data collection.

10 XAS. The X-ray absorption spectrum. Electron wave propagation: the equation. Backscattering: amplitude, phase shift, atomic motion. Obtaining structural information from the absorption spectrum. Limitations of that information.

Learning Outcomes Learning Outcomes - appreciate applications of NMR nuclei other than 1H and 13C. - understand factors affecting ease of observation of NMR nuclei - know the main differences between I = 1/2 and quadrupolar nuclei - have an understanding of factors affecting linewidths in quadrupolar nuclei - be aware of factors influencing chemical shifts - be able to interpret NMR spectra with respect to chemical shifts, coupling patterns and linewidths - Understand the underlying principles of ESR - Know the significance of g-values, hyperfine coupling constants and anisotropy. - Be able to interpret the form of ESR spectra - Understand the basic magnetic phenomena and how temperature dependence arises - Knowledge of deviation from spin only formula - Be able to deduce ground terms from magnetic behaviour - Have a basic understanding of diffraction. - Be able to derive Bragg's law. - Understand crystals, lattices, space groups. - Have a basic understanding of the experimental aspects of crystallography - Be able to understand the physical basis of X-ray absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) - Be aware of the strengths and weaknesses of XAS as a technique

CH538 Molecular Catalysis

Basics UG/PG/CE: Undergraduate Semester: Semester 1 2008/2009

Strathclyde Standard 2003 Scheme: Credits: 5 Level: Level 5 and after

Location: John Anderson Elective: PE - Possible Elective

Mode Of Attendance Delivery:

Department: Pure And Applied Chemistry

Faculty: Faculty Of Science

Credit Rating Equivalence Credit Scheme Credits Level European Credit Transfer Scheme 2.5 Not Applicable Strathclyde Standard 2002 and before .5 Advanced

Teaching Components Teaching Contact - Overview Activity Type Total Contact Duration Units Lecture 12 hour(s) Practical 0 hour(s) Tutorial 4 hour(s)

Timetabled Components - ACADEMIC YEAR 2008/2009 NB: Lecture details are shown below, attendance at practical and/or tutorial events may also be required. Activity Type Component Lecture A

It is assumed that a student will participate in one offering (series) of each of the above components.

Teaching Component Offering Times Lectures Component Series Day Start End Weeks Building Room A 1 Monday 12:00 13:00 wk 24-29 THOMAS GRAHAM C57 A 1 Friday 12:00 13:00 wk 24-29 THOMAS GRAHAM C57

NB: Rooms and times are subject to change.

Staff Contact: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY Lecturer: Dr Mark Spicer, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY Organiser: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Syllabus Topics

1 Introduction to catalysis. Definitions. Thermodynamic and kinetic background. Homogeneous vs heterogeneous catalysis.

2 Homogeneous catalysis. Organometallics in catalysis - catalytic cycles. Catalyst design (Trost).

3 - 7 Case Studies on catalyst development: metallocene polymerisation catalysts; Grubb's olefin metathesis catalysts; hydrogenation catalysts; epoxidation catalysts; chiral catalysts.

8 Investigation of mechanism in catalytic processes: kinetics, isotopic labelling, spectroscopy.

9 Heterogeneous Catalysts. Advantages and disadvantages. Immobilisation of molecular catalysts on silica, polymers, resins etc. Examples.

10. Metallo-enzyme catalysts. Control of selectivity and activity. Simple molecular models. Vitamin B12 Coenzyme; Ni/Fe Hydrogenase.

Learning Outcomes Learning Outcomes At the end of the course the student should:

Understand the basic concepts of catalysis Know the factors which influence catalyst activity and selectivity Be able to construct catalytic cycles Have a grasp of the application of different techniques to elucidation of mechanism of catalyst action Appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of immobilised catalysts Have some knowledge of metallo-enzyme mediated catalysis

13364 Transferable Skills 3

Basics UG/PG/CE: Undergraduate Semester: Both Semesters 2008/2009

Strathclyde Standard 2003 Scheme: Credits: 5 Level: Level 3 and after

NE - Not Offered As An Location: John Anderson Elective: Elective

Mode Of Attendance Delivery:

Department: Pure And Applied Chemistry

Faculty: Faculty Of Science

Credit Rating Equivalence Credit Scheme Credits Level European Credit Transfer Scheme 2.5 Not Applicable Strathclyde Standard 2002 and before .5 Intermediate

Teaching Components No Teaching details found

Staff Contact: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY Organiser: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Overview Aims

To improve presentation skills To encourage group work To raise students awareness of quality issues.

Syllabus Content

1. Oral Presentation Skills After a brief introductory session outlining good practice in oral presentations, each student will prepare and deliver an oral presentation on an experiment from the 3rd Year Laboratory classes. Each presentation will be assessed by laboratory demonstrators/tutors.

2. Poster Presentations The Poster Presentation Exercise provides the opportunity for students to develop written and graphic presentations skills and to extend and utilise their team abilities in a new, and chemically related, context. Within teams of 5/6 students, this will involve the students producing a poster describing an important area of science; the topics available to the students will relate to significant breakthroughs made in the recent past. Each team will have an academic member of staff as their supervisor for the unit and each poster will be prepared within a limited time period. The students will be assessed by the course tutors and the academic supervisor throughout the duration of the unit. This assessment will be based on the individual and team performance of each student.

Quality Systems Workshop These interactive workshops (2 x 2hrs) address issues of information quality and validity and how these may be formalised. Working in groups of 3/4 the students will be required to role-play, devise strategy and to summarise and report back their deliberations. Many of the issues covered in this exercise will be encountered by students in their industrial placement year and this is an important introduction. During the course of the exercise each student will complete a workbook which will be assessed by the tutor.

Learning Outcomes Learning Outcomes By the end of the course the students should be able to:

i. Find information in books in the library ii. Find information in periodicals in the library iii. Present their findings in a clear and structured manner iv. Consider quality issues in an industrial setting v. Present chemical details in a clear and concise manner.

CH418 Inorganic Chemistry

Basics UG/PG/CE: Undergraduate Semester: Semester 2 2008/2009

Strathclyde Standard 2003 Scheme: Credits: 10 Level: Level 4 and after

NE - Not Offered As An Location: John Anderson Elective: Elective

Mode Of Attendance Delivery:

Department: Pure And Applied Chemistry

Faculty: Faculty Of Science

Credit Rating Equivalence Credit Scheme Credits Level European Credit Transfer Scheme 5 Not Applicable Strathclyde Standard 2002 and before 1 Advanced

It is assumed that a student will participate in one offering (series) of each of the above components.

Teaching Component Offering Times Lectures Component Series Day Start End Weeks Building Room C- A 1 Monday 12:00 13:00 wk 1-23 THOMAS GRAHAM 0123 C- A 1 Friday 12:00 13:00 wk 1-23 THOMAS GRAHAM 0123

NB: Rooms and times are subject to change.

Staff No Staff details found

Syllabus The Transition Metals. 1-2. Ligands in transition metal chemistry. Steric effects - ligand substituents, backbone and geometry. Examples - Schiff's bases, tripodal ligands, macrocycles. Mono vs polydentate ligands.

3. Electronic effects. Metal ligand bonding modes, base strength, hard / soft acids and bases. Examples in synthesis of metal complexes. 4-5. Reactions at metal centres; Substitution reactions. General mechanisms. Square planar complexes, trans-effect. Ground state and transition state effects. Octahedral complexes. Rates of reaction - inert, labile complexes. Influence on reaction rates. Cis-effect. 6-7 Redox reactions. Outer sphere mechanism. Activation energy, electron transfer. Inner sphere mechanism. Bridging ligands, resonance vs chemical transfer. The main group: Rings and Cages.

8. Mapping onto the lectures on macrocyles and crowns - inorganic ranges which are devoid of carbon will be introduced. 9-10. A description of the synthesis and structure of homo-atomic ring systems, with special emphasis on B-B, S-S, Al-N, and S-N systems.

11. Formation of cages. Description of how the more stable care motifs (e.g. adamanty) supersede the formation of large rings.

12. Rings in Action: A description of the silicates. 13-14. Cages in Action: A description of the chemistry of Fullerenes.

Organometallics

15. Organometallic chemistry. Basic concepts - Electron counting, 18 electron rule, hapticity, nomenclature. 16-17. Survey of ligands in organometallic chemistry: alkyls, aryls, n-alkenyls, n-alkynyls, carbenes, carbynes, n-alkenes, n-alkynes, n-allyl, cyclopentadienes and n-arenes. Includes: preparations, structure and bonding.

18. Reactions of organometallic species: substitution, oxidative addition/reduction elimination, CO insertion/alkyl migration, olefin insertion, n-hydride transfer.

20. Use of s and p block organometallics. Synthesis structure and solution phase behaviour (Schlenk eq). 21-24. Tutorial/consolidation sessions. These will be interspersed through the above lectures at appropriate points.

CH508 Advanced And Modern Methods In Organic Synthesis A

Basics UG/PG/CE: Undergraduate Semester: Semester 2 2008/2009

Strathclyde Standard 2003 Scheme: Credits: 5 Level: Level 5 and after

NE - Not Offered As An Location: John Anderson Elective: Elective

Mode Of Attendance Delivery:

Department: Pure And Applied Chemistry

Faculty: Faculty Of Science

Credit Rating Equivalence Credit Scheme Credits Level European Credit Transfer Scheme 2.5 Not Applicable Strathclyde Standard 2002 and before .5 Advanced

It is assumed that a student will participate in one offering (series) of each of the above components.

Teaching Component Offering Times Lectures Component Series Day Start End Weeks Building Room A 1 Monday 09:00 10:00 wk 24-29 THOMAS GRAHAM C57 A 1 Tuesday 09:00 10:00 wk 24-29 THOMAS GRAHAM C57 A 1 Thursday 09:00 10:00 wk 24-29 THOMAS GRAHAM C57 A 1 Friday 09:00 10:00 wk 24-29 THOMAS GRAHAM C57

NB: Rooms and times are subject to change.

Staff Contact: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY Organiser: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Overview Aims:

To outline some of the currently available methods used in asymmetric synthesis including chiral auxiliaries, reagents and catalysts.

To discuss the mechanisms of these processes, where appropriate.

To relate these methods of asymmetric synthesis to selected industrial and research syntheses of simple biologically active molecules.

To survey some of the most contemporary metal-mediated techniques that have been developed for use in organic synthesis.

To examine the use of these organometallic strategies, where they have been applied, in target molecule synthesis.

To examine the mechanistic aspects of the metal-mediated processes and to explore how the proposed reaction pathways have led to the discovery of the optimum reaction techniques.

To apply the techniques being covered within chemical problem solving sessions.

Syllabus Topics 1-7 Asymmetric Organic Synthesis.

The emphasis will be on how we can use modern asymmetric synthesis as a tool in the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Also, in the use of enzymatic and microbial methods in synthesis. General Introduction (Enantioselective synthesis, thermodynamic principles). Very briefly, first generation methods. Second generation methods (chiral enolates/azaenolates, aldol, (Li & B chemistry) conjugate addition (Cu & Mg), Diels-Alder (A1, Ti). Third/Fourth Generation methods. Definitions (reagent/catalyst control). Carbon-carbon bond formation (Addition to C=O (An, Li) conjugate addition (P, Cu), Diels-Alder (Ti-B)). Chiral bases. Enantioselective oxidation (Sharpless (Ti), asymmetric dihydroxylation (Os), aminohyroxylation, Jacobsen epoxidation (Mn (III), Shi epoxidation). Enantioselective reduction (catalytic hydrogenation (C=O, double bond isomerisations (Rh, Ru), CBS). Enzymatic and microbial methods (biocatalytic oxidation and reduction, esterases/lipases).

8-9 Palladium Catalysed Processes

The important mechanistic aspects of the use of Palladium-Catalysed Transformations in Organic Synthesis will be discussed to build the concepts for the general catalytic cycles involved in this area. The common reagents and ligands used in this field will be detailed. More specifically, in terms of synthesis, the commonly used and important Pd-catalysed reactions will be discussed in detail and examples given. This will include the Stille coupling reaction, the Suzuki coupling reaction, the Heck reaction and related alkyne based methods, examples of Pd-catalysed carbonylations, and the Buchwald-Hartwig amination technique. Applications of the Pd-based processes in total synthesis will be given throughout.

10-11 Key Radical Reactions in Synthesis

Show how radical chemistry extends and complements polar chemistry for the synthetic chemist. Organotin methods for radical generation, benefits and problems; activation by thermal and photochemical means; catalytic methods.

End of lectures for BSc students.

12-15 Advanced Radical Processes

Silanes as radical generators. Cobalt complexes as radical precursors. Atom transfer and group transfer strategies. Barton esters and the Zard strategy. The versatility of samarium diiodide. Manganese (III) complexes and tetrathiafulvalene as radical-polar crossover reagents. Polar effects and polarity reversal catalysis. Control and selectivity in applications to synthesis.

16-20 Applications of Transition Metals in Organic Synthesis.

Useful and widely applicable organometal-mediated transformations in organic synthesis will be detailed: use of Cr-carbene complexes, Fe-lactones and ?lactams, and a range of Co-promoted (and related) transformations. Additionally, metal carbene-mediated ring closing metathesis processes will be described and the scope and limitations of this important technology will be explored. Throughout the focus will be on economical and bond-forming processes with the high degrees of regio- and stereoselectivity available being highlighted. The properties of each set of organometallic reagents will be discussed and the mechanistic details of each process will be described, in turn, showing how this influences the reaction conditions employed. Applications of the organometal-mediated reactions in target synthesis will be used to illustrate their wide utility.

Learning Outcomes Learning Outcomes:

To appreciate the various methods of asymmetric synthesis and be able to give appropriate examples

To be aware of the structure of the key chiral reagents in all theses processes

To understand the mechanism of selected reactions and be able to discuss and outline them

To apply the knowledge gained to propose asymmetric syntheses of chiral compounds

To develop an understanding of the important mechanistic aspects of palladium-catalysed coupling reactions, to develop a familiarity with the important reactions in this area, and to develop an ability to employ these palladium-based strategies in synthetic organic sequences.

To develop an understanding of the synthesis, diverse reactivity, and mechanism of action of Fischer carbene complexes and to create the ability to recognise and employ the described techniques in synthetic organic sequences.

To develop an understanding of the synthesis, reactivity, and mechanism of action of Schrock carbene complexes, in particular in metatheses processes, and to develop the ability to recognise and employ the described techniques in synthetic organic sequences.

To create a familiarisation with alkyne trimerisation reactions and subsequent cycloaddition techniques.

To develop an understanding of the preparation and reactivity of metal-stabilised carbocations and to be create an awareness of their use in preparative organic chemistry.

To be establish a familiarity with the scope and efficiency of the Pauson-Khand cyclisation technique, as well as associated cycloaddition protocols, for cyclopentenone synthesis.

To develop an understanding of the synthesis and reactivity of iron-lactone and iron-lactam complexes and to create a familiarisation with the use of these complexes in organic synthesis.

CH525 Biomolecule Analysis

Basics UG/PG/CE: Undergraduate Semester: Semester 2 2008/2009

Strathclyde Standard 2003 Scheme: Credits: 10 Level: Level 5 and after

NE - Not Offered As An Location: John Anderson Elective: Elective

Mode Of Attendance Delivery:

Department: Pure And Applied Chemistry

Faculty: Faculty Of Science

Credit Rating Equivalence Credit Scheme Credits Level European Credit Transfer Scheme 5 Not Applicable Strathclyde Standard 2002 and before 1 Advanced

It is assumed that a student will participate in one offering (series) of each of the above components.

Teaching Component Offering Times Lectures Component Series Day Start End Weeks Building Room A 1 Tuesday 10:00 11:00 wk 1-23 THOMAS GRAHAM C61 A 1 Thursday 10:00 11:00 wk 1-23 THOMAS GRAHAM C61

NB: Rooms and times are subject to change.

Staff Contact: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY Organiser: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Syllabus 20 Lectures 1-4. Identification of biomolecules of interest: Genomics and proteomics, Bioassay driven isolation Immunoassay Microarrays Lab-on-a-chip Amplification strategies, PCR Cloning and expression. 5-8. Methods for the separation and detection of biomolecules.

i) Chromatography, Ion-exchange, Size exclusion, Reverse phase, Affinity, Capillary electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (and 2D-methods) TLC of lipids ii) Detection methods: Spectroscopic methods, Mass spectrometry and hyphenated techniques Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation Chemical stains (e.g. coomassie, silver, ninhydrin). 9-10. Determination of covalent structure (primary sequence information), Chemical and enzymatic sequencing of DNA, peptides proteins and carbohydrates. Mass spectrometric methods, NMR. 11-12. Determination of conformation and dynamics (secondary and tertiary structure). X-ray crystallography NMR (2D, 3D and 4D methods), Prediction, (Integration of all of the above with modelling and databases), Circular dichroism, Calorimetry, Mass spectrometry and isotope exchange.

13. Determination of intermolecular interactions and forces (e.g. quaternary structure). Atomic force microscopy, Coprecipitation, Biacore technology, Affinity methods, Cross-linking. 14-20. Determination of Mechanism and Function. Complemetation, Active site labels and probes, inhibitors (including suicide), Isotopically labelled substrates, Site directed mutagenesis, Homology and database searching, X-ray diffusion (selenomethionine modified proteins), Spectroscopy: Raman, IR, ESR.

CH526 Advanced Medicinal Chemistry

Basics UG/PG/CE: Undergraduate Semester: Semester 2 2008/2009

Strathclyde Standard 2003 Scheme: Credits: 10 Level: Level 5 and after

NE - Not Offered As An Location: John Anderson Elective: Elective

Mode Of Attendance Delivery:

Department: Pure And Applied Chemistry

Faculty: Faculty Of Science

Credit Rating Equivalence Credit Scheme Credits Level European Credit Transfer Scheme 5 Not Applicable Strathclyde Standard 2002 and before 1 Advanced

It is assumed that a student will participate in one offering (series) of each of the above components.

Teaching Component Offering Times Lectures Component Series Day Start End Weeks Building Room A 1 Monday 10:00 11:00 wk 24-29 THOMAS GRAHAM C57 A 1 Tuesday 10:00 11:00 wk 24-29 THOMAS GRAHAM C57 A 1 Thursday 10:00 11:00 wk 24-29 THOMAS GRAHAM C57 A 1 Friday 10:00 11:00 wk 24-29 THOMAS GRAHAM C57

NB: Rooms and times are subject to change.

Staff Contact: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY Organiser: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Syllabus 20 Lectures 1-3. Lead identification: Bioassay methods including bioactivity based screening, high thoughput methods and selectivity. The use of chemi- and bioinformatics to identify potential targets and the use of information obtained from genomics. Modern pharmacogenomics. Advanced solid phase synthesis and combinatorial chemistry methods. 4-5. Drugs that target DNA and DNA metabolism. Drugs that interact with DNA: Chemically reactive species (mustards etc), intercalators, minor groove binders. Antisense technologies. Inhibitors of DNA synthesis. 6-7. Other anticancer and antiviral drugs. Reverse transcriptase and topoisomerase inhibitors. Protease inhibitors. Inhibitors of the cell cycle. 8-9. Athersclerosis. Causes, and treatment. Inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. Regulation of genetics. Transcription factors and targeting. Multifaceted approaches to therapy. 10-11. Peptide and protein therapeutics. 12-13. Drug resistance, detoxification and metabolism. 14-15. New generation antibiotics. Certainly worth studying and presumably the background to multidrug resistance would be included.

16. Prodrug strategies, in vivo activation and targeting. Vinyl chloride as a biologically activated carcinogen. N-nitrosoureas and pH dependent activation. ADEPT strategies. 17-20. Case studies: Synthesis, development and delivery. Traditional drugs DNA drugs (antisense) Protein based therapeutics.