Appendix 1. Hierarchy of dying trajectories criteria
Dying trajectories Criteria Cancer ICD-9-code: 140-239.9 Organ failure ICD-9-code: heart failure (428-428.9), chronic lung disease (490-496), chronic kidney disease (585.1-585.9), cirrhosis (571.5, 571.6, 571.9) Frailty ICD-9-code: dehydration (276.5-276.52), dementia (290-290.9, 294.1, 330.1), delirium (293.0, 293.1), Parkinson's disease (332), stroke (430-438.9), pneumonia (480-486, 507-507.8), leg cellulitis (682.6), syncope (780.2), incontinence (787.60-788.3), hip fracture (820-820.9) Sudden death Did not meet criteria for cancer, organ failure, or frailty; reported no history of cancer, heart disease, chronic lung disease, diabetes, hip fracture, or stroke at the end-of-life.
Appendix 2. Study Design
Death
-3 -2 Last hospitalization hospitalization hospitalization
-12 month -4 month -3 month -2 month -1 month Outpatient Visit ... Outpatient Visit Outpatient Visit Outpatient Visit Outpatient Visit
Appendix 3. WHO ATC code for symptom-relief drug lists
Drug ATC code Drug ATC code Acetaminophen N02BE01 Lactulose A06AD11 Acetylsalicylate N02BA01 Loperamide A07DA03 Alprazolam N05BA12 Lorazepam N05BA06 Amitriptyline N06AA09 Lorazepam N05BA56 Baclofen M03BX01 Lormetazepam N05CD06 Bromazepam N05BA08 Meperidine N02AB02 Brotizolam N05CD09 Metoclopramide A03FA01 Buprenorphine N02AE01 Midazolam N05CD08 Carbamazepine N03AF01 Mirtazapine N06AX11 Chlorpromazine N05AA01 Morphine N02AA01 Citalopram N06AB04 Nifedipine C08CA05 Clomipramine N06AA04 Nitrazepam N05CD02 Codeine R05DA04 Octreotide H01CB02 Cyclizine R06AE03 Oxazepam N05BA04 Diazepam N05BA01 Phenobarbital N03AA02 Domperidone A03FA03 Phenytoin N03AB02 Doxepin N06AA12 Phytomenadione B02BA01 Epinephrine C01CA24 Prednisolone H02AB06 Escitalopram N06AB10 Pregabalin N03AX16 Estazolam N05CD04 Salicylate N02BA03 Fentanyl N02AB03 Salsalate N02BA06 Fludiazepam N05BA17 Sertraline N06AB06 Flunitrazepam N05CD03 Tramadol N02AX02 Fluoxetine N06AB03 Tranexamic acid B02AA02 Flurazepam N05CD01 Trazodone N06AX05 Gabapentin N03AX12 Zaleplon N05CF03 Glycopyrrolate A03AB02 Zolpidem N05CF02 Haloperidol N05AD01 Zopiclone N05CF01 Imipramine N06AA02
Appendix 4. WHO ATC code for comorbid drug lists
Drug ATC code Drug ATC code Abatacept L04AA24 Diazoxide C02DA01 Abciximab B01AC13 Dipyridamole B01AC07 Acarbose A10BF01 Disodium clodronate M05BA02 Acetohexamide A10BB31 Donepezil N06DA02 Adalimumab L04AB04 Dothiepin N06AA16 Alendronate M05BA04 Doxazosin C02CA04 Ambrisentan C02KX02 Doxepin N06AA12 Aminophylline R03DA05 Drotrecogin alfa B01AD10 Amitriptyline N06AA09 Dyphylline R03DA01 Aspirin B01AC06 Eculizumab L04AA25 Atorvastatin C10AA05 Enalapril C09AA02 Azathioprine L04AX01 Enoxaparin B01AB05 Benazepril C09AA07 Eprosartan C09CA02 Bezafibrate C10AB02 Eptifibatide B01AC16 Biperiden N04AA02 Etanercept L04AB01 Bosentan C02KX01 Etidronate M05BA01 Buformin A10BA03 Everolimus L04AA18 Calcium acetate A12AA12 Exenatide A10BX04 Calcium carbonate A12AA04 Fenofibrate C10AB05 Calcium chloride A12AA07 Fingolimod L04AA27 Calcium citrate A12AA09 Fludiazepam N05BA17 Calcium gluconate A12AA03 Fluvastatin C10AA04 Calcium lactate A12AA05 Fondaparinux B01AX05 Candesartan C09CA06 Fosinopril C09AA09 Captopril C09AA01 Galantamine N06DA04 Chlordiazepoxide N05BA02 Gemfibrozil C10AB04 Chlorpropamide A10BB02 Ginkgo N06DX02 Choline theophyllina R03DA02 Gliclazide A10BB09 Cilazapril C09AA08 Glimepiride A10BB12 Cilostazol B01AC23 Glipizide A10BB07 Cilostazol B01AC23 Gliquidone A10BB08 Clofibrate C10AB01 Glyburide A10BB01 Clomipramine N06AA04 Golimumab L04AB06 Clonidine C02AC01 Guanethidine C02CC02 Clopidogrel B01AC04 Heparin B01AB01 Cyanocobalamin B03BA01 Hydralazine C02DB02 Cyclosporin L04AA01 Hydroxocobalamin B03BA03 Dabigatran B01AE07 Hydroxychloroquine P01BA02 Dalteparin B01AB04 Ibandronic acid M05BA06 Diazepam N05BA01 Iloprost B01AC11 Appendix 4. WHO ATC code for comorbid drug lists (continued)
Drug ATC code Drug ATC code Imidapril C09AA16 Pravastatin C10AA03 Imipramine N06AA02 Prazosin C02CA01 Immunoglobulin L04AA04 Proxyphylline R03DA03 Insulin aspart A10AB05 Quinapril C09AA06 Insulin detemir A10AE05 Raloxifene G03XC01 Insulin glargine A10AE04 Ramipril C09AA05 Insulin glulisine A10AB06 Repaglinide A10BX02 Insulin human A10AB01 Reserpine C02AA02 Insulin human A10AC01 Risedronate M05BA07 Insulin human A10AD01 Rivaroxaban B01AX06 Insulin lispro A10AD04 Rivastigmine N06DA03 Irbesartan C09CA04 Rosiglitazone A10BG02 Iron dextran B03AC06 Rosuvastatin C10AA07 Leflunomide L04AA13 Saxagliptin A10BH03 Liraglutide A10BX07 Simvastatin C10AA01 Lisinopril C09AA03 Sirolimus L04AA10 Losartan C09CA01 Sitagliptin A10BH01 Lovastatin C10AA02 Streptokinase B01AD01 Maprotiline N06AA21 Sulfasalazine A07EC01 Mecobalamin B03BA05 Tacrolimus L04AD02 Memantine N06DX01 Tamoxifen L02BA01 Metformin A10BA02 Telmisartan C09CA07 Methyldopa C02AB02 Tenecteplase B01AD11 Methyldopa C02AB01 Teriparatide H05AA02 Miglitol A10BF02 Thalidomide L04AX02 Minoxidil C02DC01 Theophylline R03DA04 Mitiglinide A10BX08 Ticlopidine B01AC05 Mycophenolate L04AA06 Tinzaparin B01AB10 Nadroparine B01AB06 Tirofiban B01AC17 Natalizumab L04AA23 Tocilizumab L04AC07 Nateglinide A10BX03 Tolazamide A10BB05 Nitroprusside C02DD01 Tolbutamide A10BB03 Olmesartan C09CA08 Treprostinil B01AC21 Oxazepam N05BA04 Trihexyphenidyl N04AA01 Pamidronate M05BA03 Urokinase B01AD04 Perindopril C09AA04 Ustekinumab L04AC05 Phenindione B01AA02 Valsartan C09CA03 Pioglitazone A10BG03 Vildagliptin A10BH02 Pitavastatin C10AA08 Warfarin B01AA03