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Bouteloua, Vol. 6 BOUTELOUA REVISTA CIENTÍFICA INTERNACIONAL DEDICADA AL ESTUDIO DE LA FLORA ORNAMENTAL Vol. 6. Noviembre de 2009. Fundación Oroibérico. BOUTELOUA Publicación de la Fundación Oroibérico sobre temas relacionados con la flora ornamental. ISSN 1988-4257 Comité de redacción: Daniel Guillot Ortiz (Fundación Oroibérico) Gonzalo Mateo Sanz (Universitat de València) Josep A. Rosselló Picornell (Universitat de València) Responsable de la página web: José Luis Benito (Jolube Consultoría Ambiental. Jaca, Huesca). Comisión Asesora: Xavier Argimón de Vilardaga (Fundació de l’Enginyeria Agrícola Catalana. Barcelona) José Francisco Ballester-Olmos Anguís (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Valencia) Carles Benedí González (Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona) Dinita Bezembinder (Botanisch Kunstenaars Nederland. Holanda) Miguel Cházaro-Basañez (Universidad de Guadalajara. México) Manuel Benito Crespo Villalba (Universitat d´Alacant. Alicante) Elías D. Dana Sánchez (Grupo de Investigación Transferencia de I+D en el Área de Re- cursos Naturales) Gianniantonio Domina (Dipartimento di Scienze Botaniche, Università degli Studi di Pa- lermo) Maria del Pilar Donat (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Gandía, Valencia) Pere Fraga Arguimbau (Departament d´Economia i Medi Ambient. Consell Insular de Menorca) Emilio Laguna Lumbreras (Generalitat Valenciana. Centro para la Investigación y Expe- rimentación Forestal, CIEF. Valencia) Blanca Lasso de la Vega Westendorp (Jardín Botánico-Histórico La Concepción. Málaga) Sandy Lloyd (Department of Agriculture & Food, Western Australia. Australia) Enrique Montoliu Romero (Fundación Enrique Montoliu. Valencia) Núria Membrives (Jardí Botànic Marimurta. Girona) Segundo Ríos Ruiz (Universitat d´Alacant. Alicante) Mario Sanz-Elorza (Gerencia Territorial del Catastro. Segovia) Enrique Sánchez Gullón (Junta de Andalucía, Paraje Natural Marismas del Odiel) José Manuel Sánchez de Lorenzo Cáceres (Servicio de Parques y Jardines. Murcia) Piet Van der Meer (Viveros Vangarden. Valencia) Filip Verloove (National Botanic Garden of Belgium. Bélgica) Bouteloua está indexada en DIALNET, Hemeroteca Virtual de Sumarios de Revistas Científicas Españolas En portada, diversos cultivares del género Callistephus, imagen tomada de la obra de Vilmorin Andrieux & Cia. (1894) Fleurs de Plene Terre , titulado “Reines- Marguerites”. Bouteloua 6: 3-6 (XI-2009). ISSN 1988-4257 Cuatro taxones del género Gymnocalycium Pfeiffer ex Mittler, comercializados en la Península Ibérica Daniel GUILLOT ORTIZ Fundación Oroibérico. C/. Mayor 6. Noguera de Albarracín (Teruel). 44113. [email protected] RESUMEN: Se ha observado la presencia en la Península Ibérica de cuatro taxones del género Gymnocalycium Pfeiffer ex Mittler comercializados, de los que no se tenía noticia acerca de su cultivo en España. Palabras clave: Gymnocalycium, Peninsula Ibérica, plantas comercializadas. ABSTRACT: We cite four cultivated taxa in the Iberian Peninsula, of the Gymnocalycium Pfeiffer ex Mittler genus. Key words: Comercializad plants, Gymnocalycium, Iberian Peninsula. INTRODUCCIÓN Gymnocalycium se caracteriza por presentar bajo crecimiento, tallos generalmente solitarios Recientemente hemos observado cuatro ta- con varias costillas y en ocasiones tuberculadas. xones del género Gymnocalycum Pfeiffer ex No tienen diferenciada zona fértil, las flores sím- Mittler (Brachycalycium Backeberg) de los que plemente nacen del ápice del tallo generalmente no existen referencias sobre su presencia en cul- deprimido. Las flores se abren durante el día, tivo en España, si tenemos en cuenta las princi- morfológicamente son infundibiliformes o acam- pales obras españolas dedicadas al estudio de las panadas, y de coloración blanca o rosada. Los flora ornamental, principalmente las de Pañella pericarpelos y los tubos florales poseen unas po- (1970) y Sánchez & al. (2000-2005). cas escamas anchas y obtusas con márgenes Gymnocalycum es un género de cactus glo- membranosos, sus aréolas son desnudas y los bosos del este de los Andes y Sudamérica (An- frutos son oblongos a globosos, secos o carnosos derson, 2001). El tipo, Echinocactus denudatus y dehiscentes (Anderson, 2001). Link & Otto fue descrito por Ludwig Pfeiffer en Para cada uno de los taxones, aportamos da- 1844 a partir de tres especies. Etimológicamente tos sobre su sinonimia, morfología, taxonomía y deriva del griego gymnos, desnudo, y cáliz, ye- principales variedades hortícolas. ma, en referencia a la yema floral glabra (Britton & Rose, 1919; Chittenden, 1951). El número de especies que lo componen ha LISTADO DE TAXONES variado según autores. Por ejemplo, Britton & Rose (1919) reconocieron alrededor de 23 1. Gymnocalycium bodenbenderianum A. Ber- (Britton & Rose, 1919), todas de Sudamérica, es- ger, Kakteen, 221, 341 (1929) subsp. intertex- te de los Andes y principalmente Argentina, con tum (Backeberg ex H. Till) H. Till, in Gymno- unas pocas especies de Bolivia, Paraguay y Uru- calycium 6(1): 83 (1993). guay (Britton & Rose, 1919), mientras Arecha- valeta (1903-1911) incluye representantes de este Sinónimos: (G. bodenbenderianum) Echinocac- género dentro de Echinocactus Link & Otto. En tus bodenbenderianum Hosseus ex A. Berger; obras posteriores de carácter hortícola, como las Gymnocalycium moserianum Schütz; Iconogra- de Chittenden (1951) se incluyen 16 especies, o fía: Anderson (2001), pág. 350; Fig. 2; Corolo- por ejemplo Bailey & Bailey (1930) citan cinco. gía: Argentina (Anderson, 2001). En épocas más recientes, la gran popularidad de estos cactus se ha traducido en un gran número Descripción (G. bodenbenderianum): Anderson de nombres y numerosas publicaciones. Gerhart (2001) indica que se trata de una planta plana y Franken 1976-1977, Bohumil Schütz, en 1986, y disciforme, apenas levantada sobre el nivel del John Pilbeam en 1995, han publicado importan- sustrato, marrón a gris-verde, de 2-3 cm de altu- tes tratamientos del género, pero uno de los más ra, hasta 8 cm de diámetro. Costillas 11-15, ba- valiosos en la adjudicación del estatus de muchos jas, redondeadas, con tubérculos marcados. Es- nombres de especies son los trabajos de Detlev pinas 3-7, recurvadas negruzco-marrón, pasando Metzing, Máximo Meregalli y Roberto Kiesling, a grisáceo con la edad, de hasta 1 cm de longitud, de 1995 (cf. Anderson, 2001). flores blanquecinas a rosa claro, de 3´5-6 cm de 3 Cuatro taxones del género Gymnocalycium Pfeiffer ex Mittler en la P. Ibérica longitud, con tubos florales estrechos. Frutos Sinónimos: G. glaucum F. Ritter; Iconografía: ovoides, azulado-verde de hasta 2 cm o más de Fig. 4; Corología: No conocida. longitud y 1 cm de diámetro. Descripción: Según Anderson (2001) se trata de Taxonomía: Dos subespecies son reconocidas, la plantas solitarias, aplanadas, globosas, rojizo-gris subsp. boedenbenderianum con 11-14 costillas a grisáceo-púrpura. Costillas 12 con tubérculos bajas redondeadas y 3-5 espinas, que habita en agudos. Espinas 5-7 de color gris, de 1-2 cm de Córdoba y La Rioja, y la subsp. intertextum, con longitud. Flores rosado-amarillo, de 4-4´5 cm de 13-15 costillas con tubérculos redondeados y longitud y 4´5-5 cm de diámetro. apuntados, y 5-7 espinas, que habita en el norte de Argentina (Anderson, 2001). 4. Gymnocalycium stenopleurum F. Ritter, Variedades: Existen formas crestadas de G. bo- Kakteen Sudamérica 1: 265 (266) (1979). denbenderianum (Kalishev, 2000). Sato (1999 a, b) nos muestra varias fotografías de variedades, Sinónimos: G. mihanovichii var. friedrichii Wer- de una forma crestada, y de ´Hogashira` y ´Black dermann; G. friedrichii (Werdermann) Pazout; SPn´. Iconografía: Britton & Rose (1919) vol. 3, pág. 153, fig. 159 (como G. mihanovichii); Sato (1999 a), pág. 31 (G. mihanovichii); Fig. 5; 2. Gymnocalycium hybopleurum (K. Schu- Coro-logía: Departamento de Boqueron, mann) Backeberg, in Backeb. & F. M. Knuth Paraguay (Anderson, 2001). Kaktus ABC 289 (1935). Descripción: Según Anderson (2001) se trata de Sinónimos: Echinocactus multiflorus var. hybo- plantas solitarias, aplanado-globosas a globosas, pleurus K. Schumann; G. nigriareolatum Backe- gris-verde, de hasta 12 cm o más de altura, y 6- berg; G. nigriareolatum var. densispinum Backe- 12 cm de diámetro. Costillas 8-14, redondeadas berg; G. nigriareolatum var. simoi H. Hill; Ico- Espinas claras a marrón oscuro. Espina central nografía: Sato (1999 a), pág. 29; pág. 32 (G. ni- generalmente ausente. Espinas radiales 3-6, de griareolatum); Fig. 3; Corología: Catamarca, 0´7- 4 cm de longitud. Flores blancas, de 5-7 cm Argentina (Anderson, 2001). de longitud. Fruto gris-verde, de hasta 4 cm de longitud y 1 cm de diámetro. Descripción: Según Anderson (2001), se trata de plantas solitarias, ocasionalmente en grupos, an- Variedades: Empleado para injertar sobre otros chamente globosas, azul-verde, de hasta 15 cm cactus, encontramos citado un cultivar de color de altura y diámetro. Costillas 10, afiladas angu- rojo, ´Hibotan´ (fig. 1), también cultivado en losas, con pequeñas profusiones abarbilladas. Es- España, sobre Hylocereus guatemalensis Britton pina central una, con ápice oscuro. Espinas radia- & Rose. Existen formas crestadas de G. mihano- les 7-8, rosado-gris, rectas o ligeramente curva- vichii, G. mihanovichii var. friedichii rubra das, de hasta 3 cm de longitud. Flores marfil- (Kalishev, 2002). Por ejemplo, Jeong & al. blanco. Fruto azulado. (2002). en un estudio sobre la producción de cul- tivares de G. mihanovichii, citan ´Sun´ y ´Pink´, Variedades: Existen formas crestadas de G. para su cultivo sobre Hylocereus
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